Solution 1.

(a) q = 6.482x1017 x [-1.602x10-19 C] = –103.84 mC

(b) q = 1. 24x1018 x [-1.602x10-19 C] = –198.65 mC

(c) q = 2.46x1019 x [-1.602x10-19 C] = –3.941 C

(d) q = 1.628x1020 x [-1.602x10-19 C] = –26.08 C

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Solution 1.2

Determine the current flowing through an element if the charge flow is given by
(a) q t 3 mC
(b) q t (4t 2 20t - 4) C
(c) q t 15e -3t 2e 18t nC
(d) q(t) = 5t2(3t3+ 4) pC
(e) q(t) = 2e-3t

(a) i = dq/dt = 0 mA
(b) i = dq/dt = (8t + 20) A
(c) i = dq/dt = (–45e-3t + 36e-18t) nA
(d) i=dq/dt = (75t4 + 40t) pA
(e) i =dq/dt = {-6e-3t -3t
A

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Solution 1.3

(a) q(t) i(t)dt q(0) (3t 1) C

(b) q(t) (2t s) dt q(v) (t 2 5t) mC
(c) q(t) 20 cos 10t /6 q(0) (2sin(10t / 6) 1) C

-30t 10e -30t

q(t) 10e sin 40t q(0) ( 30 sin 40t - 40 cos t)
(d) 900 1600
e- 30t (0.16cos40 t 0.12 sin 40t) C

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Solution 1.4

10 amps.

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Solution 1.5
10
1 t 2 10
q idt tdt 25 C
0
2 4 0

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Solution 1.6

dq 30
(a) At t = 1ms, i 15 A
dt 2

dq
(b) At t = 6ms, i 0A
dt

dq 30
(c) At t = 10ms, i –7.5 A
dt 4

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Solution 1.7

10A, 0 t 1
20A, 1 t 2
dq
i 0A, 2 t 3
dt
10A, 3 t 4

which is sketched below:

i(A)
10

0 1 2 3 4 t(s)

–20

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Solution 1.8

10 1
q idt 10 1 15 C
2

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Solution 1.9

1
(a) q idt 10 dt 10 C
0

3 5 1
q idt 10 1 10 5 1
(b) 0 2
15 7.5 5 22.5C

5
(c) q idt 10 10 10 30 C
0

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Solution 1.10

q = it = 10x103x15x10-6 = 150 mC

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Solution 1.11

q= it = 90 x10-3 x 12 x 60 x 60 = 3.888 kC

E = pt = ivt = qv = 3888 x1.5 = 5.832 kJ

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Solution 1.12

For 0 < t < 6s, assuming q(0) = 0,

t t
q (t ) idt q (0 ) 3tdt 0 1.5t 2
0 0
At t=6, q(6) = 1.5(6)2 = 54
For 6 < t < 10s,

t t
q (t ) idt q (6 ) 18 dt 54 18 t 54
6 6
At t=10, q(10) = 180 – 54 = 126
For 10<t<15s,

t t
q (t ) idt q (10 ) ( 12)dt 126 12t 246
10 10

At t=15, q(15) = -12x15 + 246 = 66

For 15<t<20s,

t
q (t ) 0 dt q (15) 66
15
Thus,

1.5t 2 C, 0 < t < 6s

18 t 54 C, 6 < t < 10s
q (t )
12t 246 C, 10 < t < 15s
66 C, 15 < t < 20s

The plot of the charge is shown below.

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 140

120

100

80
q(t)

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20
t

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Solution 1.13

(a) i = [dq
2
p = vi

At t=0.3s,
2
p = vi 123.37 mW

(b) W =

W=3 –sin(0)]] = 58.76 mJ

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Solution 1.14

The voltage v(t) across a device and the current i(t)

through it are
v(t) = 20sin(4t) volts and i(t) = 10(1 + e-2t) m-amps.

Calculate:
(a) the total charge in the device at t = 1 s, assume q(0) = 0.
(b) the power consumed by the device at t = 1 s.

1 1
(a) q idt 0.01 1 e-2t dt 0.01 t 0.5e-2t 0.01 1 0.5e-2 0.5
0 0
= 0.01(1 – 0.135335 + 0.5) = 13.647 mC.

(b) p(t) = v(t)i(t); v(1) = 20sin(4) = 20sin(229.18 ) = –15.135 volts;

and i(1) = 10(1+e-2)(10–3) = 10(1.1353)(10–3) = 11.353 m-amps
p(1) = (–15.125)(11.353)(10–3) = –171.71 mW

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Solution 1.15
2
2
- 2t 0.006 2t
q idt 0.006e dt e
(a) 0 2 0
-4
0.003 e 1
2.945 mC

10di
(b) v 0.012e -2t (10) 0.12e -2t V this leads to p(t) = v(t)i(t) =
dt
(-0.12e-2t)(0.006e-2t) = –720e–4t µW

3
3
- 4t 720 -4t 6
(c) w pdt -0.72 e dt e 10 = –180 µJ
0 4 0

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Solution 1.16

(a)
30t mA, 0 < t <2
i (t )
120-30t mA, 2 < t<4

5 V, 0 < t <2
v(t )
-5 V, 2 < t<4

150t mW, 0 < t <2

p (t )
-600+150t mW, 2 < t<4

which is sketched below.

p(mW)

300

1 2 4 t (s)

-300

(b) From the graph of p,

4
W pdt 0J
0

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Solution 1.17

Figure 1.28 shows a circuit with four elements, p 1 = 60 watts absorbed, p 3 = –145 watts
absorbed, and p 4 = 75 watts absorbed. How many watts does element 2 absorb?

1 2 4

Figure 1.28
For Prob. 1.17.
p = 0 = 60 + p 2 – 145 + 75 = 0 or p 2 = –60 + 145 – 75 = 10 watts absorbed.

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Solution 1.18

p 1 = 30(-10) = -300 W
p 2 = 10(10) = 100 W
p 3 = 20(14) = 280 W
p 4 = 8(-4) = -32 W
p 5 = 12(-4) = -48 W

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Solution 1.19

Find I and the power absorbed by each element in the network of Fig. 1.30.

I
4A
– –
–
9V
10 A 15V 15V
+
–
+ + + 6V

Figure 1.30
For Prob. 1.19.

I = –10 + 4 = –6 amps

Calculating the power absorbed by each element means we need to find vi (being careful
to use the passive sign convention) for each element.

P 10 amp source = –10x15 = –150 W

p element with 15 volts across it = 4x15 = 60 W
p element with 9 volts across it = –(–6x9) = 54 W
p 6 volt source = –(–6x6) = 36 W

One check we can use is that the sum of the power absorbed must equal zero which is
what it does.

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Solution 1.20

p 30 volt source = 30x(–6) = –180 W

p 12 volt element = 12x6 = 72 W
p 28 volt e.ement with 2 amps flowing through it = 28x2 = 56 W
p 28 volt element with 1 amp flowing through it = 28x1 = 28 W
p the 5Io dependent source = 5x2x(–3) = –30 W

Since the total power absorbed by all the elements in the circuit must equal zero,
or 0 = –180+72+56+28–30+p into the element with Vo or

p into the element with Vo = 180–72–56–28+30 = 54 W

Since p into the element with Vo = V o x3 = 54 W or V o = 18 V.

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Solution 1.21

p 60
p vi i 0.5 A
v 120
q = it = 0.5x24x60x60 = 43.2 kC
N e qx6.24 x1018 2.696 x1023 electrons

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Solution 1.22

q = it = 40x103x1.7x10–3 = 68 C

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Solution 1.23

W = pt = 1.8x(15/60) x30 kWh = 13.5kWh

C = 10cents x13.5 = $1.35

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Solution 1.24

W = pt = 60 x24 Wh = 0.96 kWh = 1.44 kWh

C = 8.2 centsx0.96 = 11.808 cents

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Solution 1.25

A 1.2–kW toaster takes roughly 4 minutes to heat four slices of bread. Find the cost of
operating the toaster twice per day for 2 weeks (14 days). Assume energy costs 9
cents/kWh.

4
Cost 1.2 kW hr 14 9 cents/kWh = 10.08 cents
60

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Solution 1.26

(a) Clearly 10.78 watt-hours = (voltage)(current)(time) = 3.85I(3) or

I = 10.78/[(3.85)(3)] = 933.3 mA
(b) p = energy/time = 10.78/3 = 3.593 W
(c) amp-hours = energy/voltage = 10.78/3.85 = 2.8 amp-hours

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Solution 1.27

(a) Let T 4h 4 3600

T
q idt 3dt 3T 3 4 3600 43.2 kC
0

T T 0.5t
( b) W pdt vidt ( 3) 10 dt
0 0 3600
4 3600
0.25t 2
3 10t 3 40 3600 0.25 16 3600
3600 0

475.2 kJ

( c) W 475.2 kWs, (J Ws)

475.2
Cost kWh 9 cent 1.188 cents
3600

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Solution 1.28

A 150-W incandescent outdoor lamp is connected to a 120-V source and is left burning
continuously for an average of 12 hours per day. Determine:

(a) the current through the lamp when it is lit,

(b) the cost of operating the light for one non-leap year if electricity costs 9.5
cents per kWh.

P 150
(a) i
V 120
= 1.25 A

(b) w pt 150 365 12 Wh 657 kWh

Cost $0.095 657
= $62.42

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Solution 1.29

(20 40 15 45) 30
w pt 1.2kW hr 1.8 kW hr
60 60
2.4 0.9 3.3 kWh
Cost 12 cents 3.3 39.6 cents

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Solution 1.30

Monthly charge = $6

First 250 kWh @ $0.02/kWh = $5

Remaining 2,436–250 kWh = 2,186 kWh @ $0.07/kWh= $153.02

Total = $164.02

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Solution 1.31

In a household, a business is run for an average of 6 hours per day. The total power
consumed by the computer and its printer is 230 watts. In addition, a 75-W light runs
during the same 6 hours. If their utility charges 11.75 cents per kWhr, how much do the
owners pay every 30 days?

Total energy consumed over every 30 day period = 30[(230+75)6] = 54.9 kWhr

Cost per 30 day period = $0.1175x54.9 = $6.451

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Solution 1.32

i = 20 µA

q = 15 C

t = q/i = 15/(20x10-6) = 750x103 hrs

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Solution 1.33

dq
i q idt 2000 3 10 3 6C
dt

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Solution 1.34

(a) Energy = pt = 200 x 6 + 800 x 2 + 200 x 10 + 1200 x 4 + 200 x 2

= 10 kWh

(b) Average power = 10,000/24 = 416.7 W

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Solution 1.35

energy = (5x5 + 4x5 + 3x5 + 8x5 + 4x10)/60 = 2.333 MWhr

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Solution 1.36

A battery can be rated in ampere-hours or watt hours. The ampere hours can be obtained
from the watt hours by dividing watt hours be a nominal voltage of 12 volts. If an
automobile battery is rated at 20 ampere-hours,

(a) what is the maximum current that can be supplied for 15 minutes?
(b) how many days will it last if it is discharged at a rate of 2 mA?

(a) I = 20/0.25 = 80 amps.

(b) days = (20/0.002)/24 = 416.7 days.

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Solution 1.37

A total of 2 MJ are delivered to an automobile battery (assume 12 volts) giving it an

additional charge. How much is that additional charge? Express your answer in ampere-
hours.

Solution

2,000,000 = w = pt = vit = 12it = 12(charge) or

charge = 2x106/12 = 1.6667105 coulomb = 1.6667105 Coulomb x 1 hour/3,600 seconds =

46.3 ampere-hour.

charge = 46.3 ampere-hours.

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Solution 1.38

P = 10 hp = 7460 W

W = pt = 7460 30 60 J = 13.43 106 J

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Solution 1.39

W = pt = 600x4 = 2.4 kWh

C = 10cents x2.4 = 24 cents

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