360__VECTOR APPLICATIONS (Chapter 13) Dr —y +32 10 a Reduce this system to row echelon form: Qty + (a+3)z= 10-4 4x + 6y + (a? +.6)z =a? b_ Find the value(s) of a for which the system has no solutions. Interpret this result geometrically. € Find the value(s) of « for which the system has infinitely many solutions, and find the form of these solutions. Interpret this result geometrically. Find the value(s) of a for which the system has a unique solution, and find the solution in the case where a= 2. Interpret this result geometrically. + 3y+32=0- 11 Consider the system of equations. ¢ 2 —y+z 30 — Sy +az where a could take any real value. 6 ‘2 Reduce the system to row echelon form using row operations. Show that if a =—1 the system has infinitely many solutions, and find their form, Interpret this result geometrically. € If a =I, find the unique solution in terms of a. Interpret this result geometrically. 12. Find if and where the following planes meet: Py my =%— J+ ABI+K) +n +j—W), SHER -[4+3k+rQi-W+sG+), noeR PETES Click on the icon to find a printable summary for the equations of lines and planes. sunmany Discuss the similarities and differences between the equations, PEEL 1. Forthe line that passes through (~6, 3) with direction |e) write down the corresponding: a vector equation parametric equations ¢ Cartesian equation. 2 2 (-3, m) lies on the line with vector equation (@) Find m. 18 -7 (8) (ten 3 Consider A(2,—1, 3) and B(0, 1, -1) ‘a Find the vector equation of the line through A and B. b Hence find the coordinates of C on (AB) which is 2 units from A.VECTOR APPLICATIONS (Chaptor 13) 361 Consider two unit vectors a and b. Prove that the vector a +b bisects the angle between vector a and vector b. © Consider the points H(9, 5, ~5), (7, 3, -4), and K(1, 0, 2) Find the vector equation of the line L that passes through J and bisects HJK. € Find the coordinates of the point where L meets (HK). ‘Triangle ABC is formed by three lines: ia (6) (4) se(8), woe (6) (eC) = AQ is @) = ( 0) (3): where s, t, and w are scalars. 4 Use vector methods to find the coordinates of A, B, and C. b Find |AB|, |BC|, and | AC |. € Classify triangle ABC. ‘A yacht is sailing with constant speed 5VT0 kmh" in the direction i — 3). Initially itis at point (6, 10). A beacon is at (0, 0) at the centre of a tiny atoll Distances are in kilometres. a Find, in terms of i and j, the: I initial position vector of the yacht velocity vector of the yacht Il position veetor of the yacht afer t hours, > 0. 'b Find the time when the yacht is closest to the beacon, € If there is a reef of radius 8 km around the atoll, will the yacht hit the reef? Submarine X23 is at (2, 4). It fites a torpedo with velocity vector ( Bs] at exactly 2:17 pm. Submarine Y18 is at (11, 3). It fires a torpedo with velocity vector (es ) at 2:19 pm to intercept the torpedo from X23. Distance units are kilometres, and time units are minutes. ind .r,(t) and y,(t) for the torpedo fired from submarine X23. b Find sr2(t) and yo(¢) for the torpedo fired from submarine Y18. € At what time does the interception occur? 4 What was the direction and speed of the intercepting torpedo? € Find the acute angle between the paths of the torpedoes. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from Q(—1, 2, 3) to the line a Find the Cartesian equation of the plane through A(— (1, 2, -1). 'b Find the equation of the line, in parametric form, which passes through the origin and is, normal to the plane in a. € Find the point where the line in 6 intersects the plane in a. 0, 2), B(O, —1, 1), and362 VECTOR APPLICATIONS (Chapter 13) 4 17 z-8_y+9_ 2-10 3 ie 7 and I: 2=15+3t, y=20+81, 2=5-5t, teR 4 Show that the lines are skew. Find the acute angle between them. € Find the shortest distance between them. Suppose A is (3, 2, —1) and Bis (1,2, 4). 4 Write down a vector equation of the line through A and B. b Find the Cartesian equation of the plane through B with normal AB. ‘¢ Find fwo points on (AB) which are 2V71 units from A. Consider the lines Ly For C\ =1) and D(0, 1, 4), find the coordinates of the point where the line passing through C and D meets the plane with equation 2x —y+2=3. a. Find if possible the point where the line through L(1, 0,1) and M(—1, 3 the plane with equation x —2y—82 = 14. b Find the shortest distance from L to the plane. Given the point A(-1, 3, 2), the plane 2r—y-+2z = 8, and the line defined by o=7-%, y=-6+t, 2=1+5t, CER, find: a the distance from A to the plane 1 the coordinates of the point on the plane nearest to A. € the shortest distance from A to the line. 1) meets n A(-1, 2,3), B(1,0,—1), and C(1, 3,0), find: ‘@ the normal vector to the plane containing A, B, and C 1D, the fourth vertex of parallelogram ACBD € the area of parallelogram ACBD the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from C to the Tine (AB). Lines Ly and La are defined by 3 -1 3 -1 Ty: r=(-2]+e{ 1} ond Lo: r=] 0 | +t( -1), where 4 teR. a] 2 at 1 Find the coordinates of A, the point of intersection of the lines. Show that the point B(0, 3, 2) lies on the line Lo. Find the vector equation of the line (BC) given that C(3, — Find the Cartesian equation of the plane containing A, B, and C. Find the area of triangle ABC. Show that the point D(9, 2) lies on Ly a8 an oe 4,2) lies on the normal to the plane passing through C. Consider A(—1, 2,3), B(2, 0,1), and C(-3, 2, -4). a Find the Cartesian equation of the plane defined by A, B, and C. 'b Find the measure of CAB. © D(r, 1, —r) isa point such that BDC a right angle. Find r.VECTOR APPLICATIONS (Chapior 13) 363 18 Suppose P; is the plane 2r—y—22=9 and Py is the plane 2 +y +22 =1 Lis the line with parametric equations x=t, y=2%—1, 2=3-t, teR. ind the acute angle between: a Land b Py and Pp 19° The three planes P), P3, and Ps ate mutually perpendicular, Py has equation ax +3y—2=2, P, has equation br +22 = 5, and Py has equation cr ~5y—32 = 20, where a, b, and c are positive constants. a Find a, d, and ¢, b Find the point of intersection of the planes. € Find the equation of £, the line of intersection of P, and P2. Show that P(2, 2, -6) lies on Py. Find the equation of Ps, the plane containing Z. and P. # Find the angle between P, and Py. Hl 2 20 Suppose p= ) and (3) 1 a Find px q. 1 2 b Find m if p x q is perpendicular to the line L with equation r= | -2] +A 1], AER. 3 m, € Hence find the Cartesian equation of the plane P containing Z which is perpendicular to px Find ¢ if the point A(4, t, 2) lies on the plane P, © Suppose B is the point (6, —3, 5). For the value of ¢ found in d, find the angle between (AB) and the plane P. z-yte 21 Use row operations to solve the system { 2r+y—z=—1 , kER. Give geometric Tot Qy+ke= interpretations of your results. 22 a Show that the plane 2r+y+2=5 conlains the line Ly: 2=-%4+2, y=t, 2=3t41, tER. b For what values of k does the plane x + ky +2=3 contain L1? Qetytz=5 € Hence find the values of p and q for which the system p-yt2=3 20+ py +22 =4 has an infinite number of solutions. Clearly explain your reasonii Raa 1) Line Z has equation r= ey + (3). teR ‘a Locate the point on the line corresponding tot = 'b Explain why the direction of the line could also be described by ( yt € Use your answers to @ and b to write an alternative vector equation for line L.364 VECTOR APPLICATIONS (Chapter 13) Write down ¥ a vector equation it parametric equations for the line passing through’ 4 a (2,3, 1) with direction ( 2 ) b (-1,6,3) and (5, -2, 0) -1 Find the angle between line £1 passing through (0,3) and (5, —2), and line Lp passing through (—2, 4) and (—6, 7). Trapezium KLMN is formed by the following lines: (5) 4 ne (3)=(a)-a( 4) (3)=(3)- nae (5) =) 00 (9)-(8)-2) where p, q, 7, and s are scalars. Which two lines are parallel? Explain your answer. 1b Which lines are perpendicular? Explain your answer. ¢ Use vector methods to find the coordinates of K, L, M, and N. Calculate the area of trapezium KLMN. Find the angle between the lines: y: e=1-4t, y=3t and Lg: 2=2+5s, y=5—12s, where tse R. Consider A(3, —1,1) and B(O, 2, ~2) a Find | AB 1b Show that the line passing through A and B can be described by r= -%&+AC1+§j—k) where \ER, Find the angle between (AB) and the line with equation r= t(i+j +k), t€R. Find the velocity vector of an object moving in the direction 3i — j with speed 20 kmh? 8 A moving particle has coordinates P(x(t), y(t), 2(t)) where 2(t)=—4+8t, y(t) =3+60, and 2(t)=1—2t. The distance units are metres, and t > 0 is the time in seconds. Find the: 4. initial position of the particle position of the particle after 4 seconds € particle's velocity vector 4 speed of the particle 2 —10 6 The vector equation [| y]={ 5 )+t{ 14 z 12 04 represents the path of a person zip-lining through a forest. ¢ is measured in seconds, ¢ > 0. Distances are measured in metres. Find the: initial position b velocity vector € speed of the zip-liner d time taken to reach the end of the line at_2 = € location of the endpoint of the line f position of the person when he is closest to his friend watching from (52, 144, 3).VECTOR APPLICATIONS (Chapior 13) 365 10 Boat A's position is given by ra(t) =3-t, a(t) =2t—4, and boat B’s position is given by ap(t) = 4—3t, yo(t) =3—2t. The distance units are kilometres, and the time units are hours. Find the initial position of each boat. b Find the velocity vector of each boat, € Find the acute angle between the paths of the boats. At what time are the boats closest to each other? 11 Classify the following line pairs as either parallel, intersecting, or skew. Where possible, state the point of intersection and find the measure of the acute angle between them, a e=24t, y=-14%, 2 b r=3+t, y= 2-3 —t and 2=-8+4s, = 2s 2, 2=-143t and x=2-s, y=1+3s, 2=445 =y-4 “149, y=242%, 2=3- 12 a Find the Cartesian equation of the plane through A(—1, 2, 3), B(1, 0, —1), and C(O, -1, 5). & IF X is (3, 2,4), find the angle that (AX) makes with this plane. 13. Find the coordinates of N, the foot of the normal from A(1, 5, 3) to the plane with equation 5 —5k + 434+ j—W)+t1+3+h), 5 teR 14 How far is X(—1, 1,3) from the plane x —2y — 2 15 The equations of two lines are: Ey: t=3t-4, y=t+2, 2=2%-1, teR yo5 2 and Lp x z a Find the point of intersection of £ and the plane 2x + y — ind the point of intersection of Zand La. ind the equation of the plane that contains Ly and La. wt2 3 2 16 Show that the line a — is parallel to the plane 6+ Ty —5z=8 and find the distance between them, 17 P(2,0, 1), Q(3, 4, 2), and R(—1, 3, 2) are three points in space. Find: a PG, |PG|, and QR the parametric equations of (PQ) € a vector equation of the plane through P, Q, and R. 18 Suppose 7 is the plane ar —2y +4: line --( ). tom @ Show that x1 contains L. b Find the point at which L intersects 72. 21, mp is the plane 5x—y+3z=2, and L is the € Find the angle between: 1 Land 7 Wom and m.366 VECTOR APPLICATIONS _(Chapver 13) Show that lines 1 and 2 are skew. 1b Find the shortest distance between them. € Find the coordinates of the points where the common perpendicular meets the lines 1 and 2. 20 Find the angle between the plane 2r+2y—2=3 and the line g=t-l, y=-2+4, z=-14+3, ER 21 Consider the following system of linear equations in which z—2y+32=1 and q are constants’ a+pyt2z=0 22+ pPy—4e aaa (fee Show that this system can be reduced to | 0 p-+2 -1 0 0 pipta & What values can p and q take if the system has: 1 a unique solution no solutions iii infinite solutions? Explain the geometric significance of each case. € Specify the infinite solutions in parametric form. 22 Three planes have the equations given below: Plane A: x +3y+22—5 Plane B: 2r+y +92 Plane C: a —y+62=8 Show that plane A and plane B intersect in a line ZL. Show that plane B and plane C' intersect in a line L2. Show that plane A and plane intersect in a line Ls. Show that L1, L2, and Ly are parallel but not coincident, 0 What does this mean geometrically? 2—3y+22=-5 23 Consider the system 4 3r-+y+(2—k)z=10 where k can take any real value. 20 + 6y tke =5 a Reduce the system to row echelon form. b For what value of k does the system have no solutions? Interpret this result geometrically. € 1 For what value(s) of & does the system have a unique solution? Hl Find the unique solution in terms of k, and interpret the result geometrically. iii Find the unique solution when