Namboodiri Saritha, P.

Arun; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology

ISSN: 2454-132X
Impact factor: 4.295
(Volume 4, Issue 4)
Available online at: www.ijariit.com
Fingerprint based security system for vehicles
Dr. Saritha Namboodiri Arun P.
saritha16.namboodiri@gmail.com createimagine2@gmail.com
Sreekrishnapuram VT Bhattathiripad College, Sreekrishnapuram VT Bhattathiripad College,
Palakkad, Kerala Palakkad, Kerala

ABSTRACT With high-speed matching algorithms and fast integration, this

technology has been widely exploited to safeguard vehicles
In this age of soaring vehicle thefts, vehicle safety has and identity fraud. In 2012, Karthikeyan et al. used a
become a matter of prime importance. Investigators owe this fingerprint sensor, (Fingerprint module 3030) along with
increase in thefts to the lack of proper parking spaces in microcontroller AT89c52 to validate the user [12].
residential areas and lack of availability of sophisticated
security devices. As a solution to the aforementioned Z. Brijet et al. combined Fingerprint sensor and Arduino. The
problem, we have developed a prototype model of a connection from the ignition switch that supplies voltage is
fingerprint-based security system for vehicles by interfacing given to the voltage regulator which is connected to Arduino
Fingerprint sensor module R307 along with Arduino Uno. in-order to turn it on and off. Fingerprint sensor activated the
A person can start the vehicle, but only upon fingerprint relay which in turn controlled the starter relay resulting in the
authentication can the person put the vehicle into motion. vehicle turning on. If the finger image does not match any of
In recognition of the fingerprint, the valve fixed in the outlet the images stored in the database, then the starting system is
of fuel tank opens, thereby allowing the flow of fuel to the disabled [13].
engine.
In this work, we attempt to design a low-cost embedded
Keywords— Arduino Uno, fingerprint sensor R307, system that allows only fingerprint authenticated users to put
automobile security, microcontroller ATtmega328 the vehicle in motion. Our system comprises of Arduino Uno,
1. INTRODUCTION a Fingerprint Sensor Module, LCD Display, Servo Motor,
Automobile security is one of the growing concerns in India. Micro Switches and I2C Backpack. Arduino Uno receives and
Safeguarding of vehicle against theft is one of the major issues transmits data among the modules and coordinates the entire
confronting developing countries. Varied techniques have system. Fingerprint sensor module prompts the user to read
been tried and tested to protect and secure the automobiles. his/her fingerprint and the pattern matching algorithm
Embedded computing is an emerging technology widely used validates the authentic user. When a fingerprint match is found
in improving and enhancing security against the theft of and the user authenticated, the valve attached to the fuel tank
vehicles. In 2013, Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) cards opens for the free flow of the fuel to the engine. This puts the
were designed for ignition start of automobile [1]. However, vehicle in motion. The valve attached to the fuel tank operates
the chances of losing the card or it being stolen led to the (opens and closes) with the help of a server motor. The
failure of the system. outputs of the system, directions to user and status of the
system are displayed in the LCD Display.
Kulkarni et al. proposed a face detection subsystem with GPS
and GSM module [2]. A digital camera was used to capture 2. PROPOSED MODEL
the video which was continuously uploaded into the web In this paper, we propose a novel method which uses a
server using the ARM9 processor. AdaBoost algorithmFace fingerprint control to put the vehicle in motion. All previous
detection was adopted in a security system to identify the work related to security using fingerprint biometric acts upon
person who is trying to start the vehicle. This methodology, ignition system. However, this security measure can be easily
however, proved to be error-prone in detecting those faces, not breached. It requires less effort to start the vehicle by directly
in front of the camera. Using the Global System for Mobile manipulating the ignition wires kept behind the steering.
(GSM) and GPS technology, the vehicle can be identified and Therefore rather than securing ignition, we have introduced a
located very easily [3-8]. However, the main disadvantage is security measure that will only permit fingerprint
that the signal can become degraded and receiver system may authenticated users to put the vehicle in motion. The
not provide location due to poor weather conditions. Fingerprint authentication is performed by the Fingerprint
Module R307 sensor. Fingerprint Sensor Module has two sub-
Fingerprint recognition is an ideal biometric technology as it modules: fingerprint Enrolment/Addition and Fingerprint
offers an accurate digital identification solution [9, 10, 11]. Recognition. Fingerprint enrolment/addition module adds and
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 Namboodiri Saritha, P. Arun; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
stores the fingerprints of all the users who are authorized to of an optical fingerprint sensor, high-speed DSP processor,
drive the vehicle. This sub-module enables fingerprint of valid and high-performance fingerprint alignment algorithm. They
users to be enrolled in the database. To facilitate enrolment, also possess high-capacity FLASH chips, hardware and
the Fingerprint Module R307 sensor has a micro switch with 3 software composition, stable performance, simple structure
buttons. The first button is used to captures the 3D image of with fingerprint entry, image processing, fingerprint matching,
the fingerprint. The other two buttons are used to add and search and template storage and many other functions.
delete a fingerprint stored in the database.
3.3 Servo motors
Fingerprint matching sub-module compares the input A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows
fingerprint against one or more templates that are present in for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and
the database. The user is allowed 5 attempts. The fingerprint acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor
matching techniques used are minutiae-based matching and for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated
pattern matching. controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for
use with servomotors.
Before a user can run a vehicle, his/her fingerprint is matched
against the fingerprint in the database. Fingerprint sensor 3.4 LCD
Module R307 sends the signals to the microcontroller LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display
ATtmega328 of the Arduino Uno board. ATtmega328 module and finds a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD
microcontroller handles user authentication. Once the scanned display is a very basic module that has 2 controllers with 16
fingerprint matches with the one stored in the database, the Pins which is very commonly used in various devices and
microcontroller sends the desired signal to put the vehicle in circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and
motion. This is accomplished by turning on and opening the other multi-segment LEDs as they are economical; easily
valve attached to the fuel tank. When an unauthorized user programmable; have no limitation of displaying special &
tries to run the vehicle, his/her fingerprint mismatches the even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),
valve attached to the fuel tank shuts down or closes thus animations. The status of the system is displayed using LCD.
disallowing him/her access. An LCD display is used which
displays the status of the system. It also displays when the 3.5 I2C back pack
fingerprints are being added, deleted or a successful IC/I2C Interface Adapter Module is used for 16×2 LCD
authentication. Figure 1 represents the block diagram of the Display. It uses the PCF8574T IC chip which converts I2C
system which comprises of the connectivity with the sensors, serial data to parallel data for the LCD display. This interface
LCD, and power supply, All the hardware used to operate on module simplifies connecting an Arduino to a 16×2 Liquid
+5V supply and therefore an additional IC has been used to Crystal display using only 4 wires.
control the flow of power supply for the proper functioning of
the components. 3.6 Micro switchs
Micro Switchs is a type of momentary contact switch used
widely in automotive. The actuator of these switches often has
a hinged wheel placed above a push button. In this system,
Micro switchs with 3 buttons are used. The first button is used
to capture the 3D image of the fingerprint for enrolment. The
other two buttons are used for adding and deleting fingerprint
stored in the database.

3.7 Software
The system starts functioning by receiving the fingerprint of
an authorized person. When the fingerprint sensor receives the
correct fingerprint pattern it allows the valve to open. The
code to add and delete and store the fingerprint are written in
C. Fingerprint recognition software library is loaded. The code
for matching and the instructions to open the valve are also
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed system coded in C using the Arduino IDE
3. HARDWARE COMPONENTS ARDUINO IDE
3.1 Arduino Uno Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino
Arduino Uno circuit board with Arduino IDE is capable of Software (IDE) is a free, integrated toolset for the
reading analog or digital input signals from different sensors, development programmed for an Arduino processor. The
activating the motor, turning LED on/off and do many other coding is done using Embedded C. Arduino Software (IDE)
such activities. All functionalities are performed by sending a The contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a
set of instructions to the ATtmega328 main microcontroller, text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and
on the board via Arduino IDE. The Arduino board also a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to
includes Power USB, Power (Barrel Jack), voltage regulator, upload programs and communicate with them. The pins are
crystal oscillator, voltage pins (3.3v,5v,gnd,vin), A0 to A5 defined in the void setup(). In the void loop(), the codes to
analog pins, icsp pin, power led indicator, tx and rx leds, 14 perform various actions on devices(ON/OFF) are written.
digital input/output pins, Aref, and Arduino reset. These are controlled and monitored by the server.

3.2 Fingerprint Module R307 3.8 Circuit diagram

In order to validate the authentic user, Fingerprint Module The security system consists of Arduino Uno, a Fingerprint
R307 has been employed. Fingerprint Module R307 consists Sensor Module, LCD Display, Servo Motor and I2C
© 2018, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page | 371
 Namboodiri Saritha, P. Arun; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Backpack. The power supply is provided to all the units. The [3] M.Sunitha, V.Vinay Kumar, and G. Raghu, “Embedded
circuit diagram is represented in Figure 2. Car Security System”, Int. Journal of Engineering
Development and Research (IJEDR), 2012.
[4] Mohammad A. Al-Khedher and Sharaf A. Al-Kheder,
“Intelligent Anti-Theft and Tracking System for
Automobiles”, Int. Journal of Machine Learning and
Computing, 2012.
[5] Sukeerti Singh and Ayushi Mhalan, “Vehicle Theft Alert
System using GSM”, Int. Journal of Engineering Science
and Technology (IJEST), 2013.
[6] Mudit Singhal and Sudeep Singh, “An Embedded
Interface for GSM Based Car Security System”, Int.
Conference on Computational Intelligence,
Communication Systems, and Networks, IEEE Computer
Society, 2012.
Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of the system [7] N. Kiruthiga , L. latha, S. Thangasamy, “Real Time
Biometrics based Vehicle Security System with GPS and
4. CONCLUSION GSM Technology”, Procedia Computer Science 47 471 –
This work is aimed at improving the level of security in 479, 2015.
automobiles. We have developed an embedded system that [8] Bhumi Bhatt, “Smart Vehicle Security System Using
uses fingerprint biometric pattern, a low-cost yet effective GSM & GPS” International Journal of Engineering and
method, for authorizing the user who can drive the vehicle. A Computer Science Vol. 4 Issue 6, 2015.
valve fixed in the outlet of a fuel tank allows fuel to flow only [9] A. Karthikeyan “FINGERPRINT BASED IGNITION
if the user is authenticated. For this system to work, an SYSTEM” International Journal of Computational
additional valve has to be attached to the fuel tank of the Engineering Research, 2250–3005. Vol. 2 Issue No.2
engine during manufacturing. Such customized vehicles with Pages 236-243, 2012.
security system will help in reducing theft of a vehicle. [10] Roopam Arora “START-UP THE ENGINE USING
FINGERPRINTING” International Journal of Computer
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