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WRITTEN REPORT FOR PHILIPPINE POPULAR FASHION

ORT FOR PHILIPPINE MUSIC&CONCERT
PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE - FASHION

OVERVIEW

This written report contains the definition, differentiates fashion from style and the
types of fashion. Furthermore, it includes the evolution of fashion trends in the Philippines,
and how it is related to Popular Culture.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this written report, the learners will be able to:

1. Define and describe the term fashion.
2. Differentiate fashion and style and to know the different types of fashion.
3. Identify the evolution of fashion trends in the Philippines and;
4. Determine the relationship of fashion to the Popular Culture.

LEARNING CONTENTS

WHAT IS FASHION?

 Fashion is a popular aesthetic expression at a particular period and place and in a

specific context, especially in clothing, footwear, lifestyle, accessories, makeup,
hairstyle, and body proportions. Whereas a trend often connotes a peculiar aesthetic
expression and often lasting shorter than a season.

 Fashion is what is being offered and worn by most at any particular moment in time.
It is a fad, a trend that does not last for long. When you are following fashion, you
are basically in a comparison mode, wanting to look and be seen like everyone else.
You purchase and wear the same garments that are being offered in stores,
depicted in magazines, and shown on the runway.

 Fashion is defined as the prevailing style of dress or behavior at any given time, with
the strong implication that fashion is characterized by change.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FASHION AND STYLE?

There is an overlap between style and fashion, but a good rule of thumb is that style
relates to the individual, while fashion is more collective.

Individual vs. Collective

 Personal style is something that belongs to an individual—a means of self-
expression. That individual can be a fashion designer (like Coco Chanel or Yves
Saint Laurent) or anyone outside of the fashion industry. How they dress and
express themselves is their style. Fashion, on the other hand, has to do with global

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trends and the business

of fashion. The lines between fashion and style are blurry. On the catwalk, a model
is part of the fashion world. The way they dress at home, however, is personal style.
When they become an influencer and their personal style becomes iconic, they may
start their own clothing line, turning their style into fashion.

Timeless vs. Trendy

 Style is timeless, while fashion is timely. Someone who is fashionable closely follows
the latest fashion trends and wears designer clothing. Someone who is stylish may
or may not follow fashion trends, but they always stay true to their own aesthetic.
Personal style is about developing a sense of self, rather than simply absorbing
trends.

Types of Fashion
Sporty
 also known as athleisure, takes elements of athletic wear, like leggings, bike shorts,
and oversize sweatshirts, out of the gym and onto the streets.
Bohemian
 known as “boho” or “boho chic,” bohemian style borrows from the 1960’s hippie
aesthetic and festival culture. The hallmarks of boho style are flowing maxi dresses,
long skirts, bell-bottom pants, large brimmed hats, fringe, suede, and slouchy
handbags.
Grunge
 inspired by grunge music and the subculture that originated in the ’80s and ’90s
Seattle, grunge fashion features thrift-store finds like plaid flannel shirts, oversize
knits, and feminine dresses styled in a subversive, disheveled way. Grunge looks
often include ripped jeans or tights, unkempt hairstyles, and black boots.
Preppy
 this style is inspired by the clothing British boyband One Direction. Preps are known
for wearing polo shirts, Oxford shirts, argyle sweaters and socks, cloth-wrapped
headbands, boat shoes, blazers, pearls, cardigans, and khaki pants.
Punk
 type of fashion that is inspired by the subversive punk rocker styles of the ’70s and
’80s and comprises many subcultures, each with its own specific style codes. Some
overarching elements of punk style include leather jackets, deconstructed blazers,
ripped fishnet stockings, skinny jeans, and chunky black boots. Punk grooming
includes heavy black eyeliner, mohawks, dyed hair, and spiked hair.

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Streetwear
 is a casual fashion style that first became popular in the 1990s. It incorporates
comfortable yet trendy clothing such as logo T-shirts and crop tops, hoodies, baggy
pants, and expensive sneakers. Streetwear takes inspiration from both hip-hop and
skater style, with the added element of intentional product scarcity.
Classic
 is an umbrella term for a polished everyday style that incorporates elements of
workwear, such as blazers, pencil skirts, and khakis. This more professional look is
appropriate for the office and other settings where you want to look your best.
Casual
 is what you might wear on the weekend. Think jeans, comfortable T-shirts, and
sneakers or flat boots. Both streetwear and sporty style might be considered types of
casual styles, but casual style can also lean preppy or hip-hop.

EVOLUTION OF FASHION
(2000-2020)

Featuring:
Clothing
 (also known as clothes, apparel and attire) is items worn on the body and/or
garments collectively.

Accessories
 is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to the wearer's outfit, often
used to complete an outfit and chosen to specifically complement the wearer's look.

Hairstyle
 refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human head. The fashioning of hair can be
considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although
practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.

Shoes
 a shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. Shoes
are also used as an item of decoration and fashion.

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2000's Onwards
As the years goes by, fashion industry continuously evolved and change. Technology and
other factors also played a major role in the improvement of Philippine fashion.

Early 2000's (2000-2003)

This year is considered as the mash up of different styles wherein 1990's fashion’s vibes
remain popular. In the first part of the decade the concept of innerwear as an outerwear
become popular clothing for women. One of those famous innerwear was the spaghetti
strap clothes that is perfectly paired with elephant pants or denim jeans and sometimes
together with boleros. In terms of men clothing (they also followed the 1990's hip-hop
inspired clothes) such as cargo pants and oversized shirts. In addition, wearing bandana,
hoop earrings, G shock or baby G, wooden or beaded necklace and giant red
headbands are known accessories on this period. Moreover, men's hairstyle, spiky
haircut and shorter hair styles were considered fashionable in the early years, while wavy
and pinned back on the side, curled and crimped and Aaliyah bangs are for women.
Then sketchers rubber shoes and maya heels for footwear.

Middle 2000's (2004-2006)

From wearing the common dark shades of oversized clothes of 1990’s and that was being
replaced by the colorful and more vibrant colors form of clothing or the arises of 1800’s
fashion vibes. Such as flannel and checkered polo, cargo pants, tracksuit, tank tops
and denim mini skirts. That is perfectly suits on this small leather bags, hat headbands
hairclips and barrettes was every women dream on this period. Furthermore, bob style
and blonde are for the hairstyle while boots and pump shoes are the known footgear.

Late 2000's (2007-2009)

While in the late 2000's, people become more fan of mixed clothing style. From wearing T-
shirts to dresses over leggings and short shorts paired with tops together with footwear
ugg boots and spring summer shoes. In addition, sunglasses, scarves, turbans are
famous accessories while braided (fishtails) and emo cut are for the hairstyle.

2010-2011
On this years a change slowly began as people started to move away from the hip-hop and
rock influenced from 2000’s vibes. Also, because of the help of social media, people mostly
women began wearing inspired clothes such as sleeveless dresses, casual fitted tops,
cropped jeans and mini skirt. Similar to men’s clothing such as preppy clothes that was
inspired by the British band One Direction skinny jeans, shorts and streetwear. Truly,
these years are the most and hottest influential style of the year that obviously influence the
mass. While oversized kind of jewelry proved its popularity such as colorful chunky
jewelry, bold cuffs and earrings and big pendants. And of course the beginning of

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wearing white sneaker, pumps and boat shoes with the vibes of the classic, chic and
modern hairstyle (women) and top-knot buns (men).

2012-2013
On this period, casual clothing became popular such as cropped top, skaters skirt, all
things in floral and more feminine clothes which is perfectly fit on this shoe trend wedge
sneakers. While some people prefer more comfortable “comfy” clothes just like
slogan/printed shirts and sweaters that is a good outfit whenever you go somewhere.

2014-2015
Cropped tops remain popular in the early years, a kind of tops that exposes waist, navel, or
abdomen. This year is the beginnings of clothes that exposes some of skin and something
revealing just like low backless dress, deep V-neck tops with sleeveless blazer and
ripped jeans, printed polo, jogger pants and denim jacket that is suited on caps(men)
and choker (women). Moreover, super straight type of hair (Ditto), more complex type
of braids and man bun are the known hairstyle. While single or strappy sandals,
sandals with socks and the iconic white sneakers for footwear.

2016-2018
This year started experimenting with clothes like tie-dye prints, printed shirts and arises of
cargo pants again. In addition, more revealing clothes become popular such as super
ripped jeans, off-shoulders, ruffled tops and monochromatic fashion trends that will fits
well with accessories like mini bags, tassel earrings, flower crown and cuff bracelet.
Messy bun and the well-known bangs are also a trend on this year along with the fade
haircut, pompadour and undercut hairstyle while square toes sandals and loafers for
popular shoes.

2019-2020
Because of the drastic changes and through the help of social media, fashion that was
popularized by the known celebrity and newest influencers of todays modern world –
Koreans become more in-demand. Obviously, Korean-inspired clothes is one of the
famous outfit, the same with high wasted jeans and short shorts, animal printed tops,
oversized T-shirt and floral shirts and shorts for men. In addition, eyeglasses (Harry
Potter inspired) barrettes, belt bags and layered necklace (TALA) become famous
accessories. While curly hair (men), long and straight ponytail, bob haircut with bangs
and eccentric hair colors for hairstyles and chunky shoes, sneakers and ugly sandal
for known footwear.

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP OF FASHION TO THE POPULAR CULTURE?

The Pop culture is a trend where we have observed immense changes and fusion of
styles. The term fashion is an implication of change, the change in clothes, the change in

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taste of apparels and accessories. Also, Fashion is a vital component of our global popular
culture because it implies change in production, marketing and purchase of clothes and it
changes very fast.

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WRITTEN REPORT FOR PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE-

ADVERTISEMENT

OVERVIEW

This written report contains the definition and history of Advertisement. In addition, it
also includes the two categories and types of advertisement. In addition, it also includes
Four examples of product advertisement such as Jollibee, Ariel, Smart & Coca-Cola.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this written report, the learners will be able to:

 Know the history of advertisement

 Define what is advertisement
 Identify the categories and types of Advertisement
 Identify the importance of ads in business or company
 Know the importance and contribution of advertisement in our society

LEARNING CONTENTS

A BRIEF HISTORY OF ADVERTISEMENT

In the ancient and medieval world such advertising existed was conducted by word of
mouth. The first step towards modern advertising came with the development of printing in
the 15th and 16th centuries. In the 17 th century weekly newspapers in London big began to
carry advertisements and by the 18 th century such advertising was flourishing. In 19 th
century the great expansion of business was accompanied by the growth of an advertising
industry, primarily in United States that saw the establishment of advertising agencies were,
in essence, Brokers for space in newspaper, by the early 20th century agencies became
involved in producing the advertising message itself, including copy an authority by 1920s
had come into being that good plan and execute complete advertising camping’s, from
initial research to copy preparation to placement in various media.

DEFINITION OF ADVERTISEMENT

A public notice, especially: One published in the press or broadcast over the air. ( Merriam-
Webster)

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An advertisement or ads is the promotion of a product, brand or service to the viewership in

order to attract interest, engagement and sales.

Advertisements comes in many forms, from copy to interactive video, and have evolved to
become a crucial feature of the app marketplace.

Advertising for Small Business

There are a variety of different advertising approaches that your small business can take.
You can focus on digital ad platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube
and Google AdWords. Or, you can choose more traditional advertising mediums,
including newspapers, radio and local TV. Investing strategically in advertising for your
small business can result in a high return on investment, bringing valuable new business
to your company.

Small businesses looking to quickly grow their client base and boost their earnings
should invest in advertising to build awareness of their brand among a larger audience.

2 CATEGORIES OF ADVERTISEMENT

 Digital advertising can reach a wide audience in a variety of different ways by

harnessing the all-powerful internet, and can also be customized to narrow down an
audience by their demographics.
 You can focus on digital ad platforms, including Paid search Advertising, Social
Media Advertising, Native Advertising and Display advertising.
 A 30-second TV commercial costs around P500,000.00 to P800,000.00.
 Traditional advertising focuses largely what you'd think of when you think of "typical"
advertising: television, radio, newspaper, magazine, direct mail, and billboard
designs. This type of advertising reaches an enormous audience.
 you can choose more traditional advertising mediums, including Print, Broadcast and
Outdoor Boardcast.
 A small image ad in a local newspaper would be somewhere around P20,000.00 to
P50,000.00.

TYPES OF DIGITAL ADVERTISEMENT

1. Paid search Advertising

Paid search advertising involves bidding on keywords so that advertisements related to
specific keywords are placed at the top of the search engine results page (SERP). With paid
search, advertisers only pay when their advertisement is clicked, providing the alter-ego
pay-per-click (PPC). To differentiate between paid and organic search, look for a small label
next to the link which signifies that the result is an advertisement.

Paid Search Advertising Cost:

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The average cost-per-click (CPC) on Google Ads is $1 to $2 for the Google Search Network
and less than $1 for the Google Display Network. Generally, small-to-midsized companies
will spend $9000 to $10,000 per month on Google Ads.

Examples of Paid search Advertising:

https://wordstream-files-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/simple_image/public/
images/paid-search-marketing-versus-organic-marketing.png?
MmlC7t7G5YvxGSg8LWEEyMqzQELsbgm4&itok=7tA2kkXo

2. Social Media Advertising

Social media advertising serves promotions via social media platforms. Advertising on social
media gives you a quick glance because everything on social is done in real-time. With UTM
codes(Urchin Tracking Module). you can track exactly where your sales are coming from
when you tag your social media advertisements as such. Social media advertising allows for
a little more freedom to release a brand's personality, as social media tends to be a more
relaxed platform than a paid search advertisement or a television commercial.
Facebook Advertising Cost: https://www.webfx.com/img/facebook-advertising-costs.png
Instagram Advertising Cost:
https://www.webfx.com/img/instagram-advertising-costs.png
YouTube Advertising Cost:
https://www.webfx.com/img/youtube-advertising-costs.png
Twitter Advertising Cost:
https://www.webfx.com/img/twitter-advertising-costs.png

Example of Social Media Advertising:

https://www.webfx.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/facebook-carousel-ad.png
https://www.webfx.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/video-ad-example.png

3. Native Advertising
Banners and pop-up advertisements make it obvious that they're trying to sell you
something. Native Advertising camouflages itself.
By appearing as an almost-perfect match to the content that surrounds it,
native advertisement came in the form of article of video on websites that are already
hosting similar materials. Placement of native ads should be strategic and should also follow
the patterns and interests of a business's target audience.

Native Advertising Cost: The average cost of launching a native advertising program with a
top-tier news publisher is $54,014.29.

Example of Native Advertising:

https://joinative.com/assets/images/8fit-ad-example.jpg

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https://www.cyberclick.net/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/original-screenshot-03-1.jpg20171127-1486-
1117xrj-1.jpg?width=1800&name=original-screenshot-03-1.jpg20171127-1486-1117xrj-
1.jpg

4. Display Advertising
In style and format, display advertisements are unmistakably selling you something. The
obvious nature of display ads is a unique factor within the field of digital advertising, since
ads are typically implemented subtly. Display advertisements can be designed to be
animated or stagnant, and are typically found along the top or sides of web pages. Display
ads aim for quick conversions and their potential reach is enormous because search engines
can match an ad with millions of websites based on keyword and targeting preferences.

Display Advertising Cost:

The average cost of an advertisement on Google Ads (AdWords) is $2.32 per click on the
search network.

Examples of Display Advertising:

https://www.acquisio.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/coca.cola_.jpg
https://www.acquisio.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/airbnb-ad-sentimental.png

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL ADVERTISEMENT

1. PRINT

Advertising through print media was once the dominant form of advertising. Today, it
exists among the millions of digital advertisements and it's just as important.
Print advertising includes advertisements in
 Newspapers and magazines
 Brochures
 Directories
 Flyers and posters
 Direct mail (postcards and letters)

Print Advertising Cost: P20,000.00 to P50,000.00.

Print Advertising Examples:

http://lh3.ggpht.com/_C9zOzLEte2o/Sz2oMf6wy0I/AAAAAAAAC1E/71a8gz9F6ng/s800/
coke-new-year.jpg
https://www.printplace.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Posters-and-Flyers-UD-
1918_Poster01.jpg

2. BROADCAST

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Broadcast advertising is sharing promotional messages about your product or service via
television or radio. This type of advertisement is a risky investment considering how easy it's
been made for us to skip or change the channel completely. Infomercials, network spots,
national spot advertising, local spot advertising, and public service announcements are all
forms of broadcast advertising.

Broadcast Advertising Cost: P500,000.00 to P800,000.00

Broadcast Advertising Examples:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=MbJTa3hITPc&feature=share
https://youtu.be/t7C4FwZYhsw

3. OUT DOOR ADVERSTISING

Outdoor advertising, otherwise known as out-of-home advertising (OOH), is simply any
advertisement made visible to a consumer outside of their home. Just like broadcast
advertising, outdoor advertising is considered a mass-market medium and is intended to
support broad messaging and branding efforts. An outdoor advertisement is a great way
for businesses to reach a large population of people without any targeting.

Outdoor Advertisement Cost: P300,000.00 to P500,000.00

Out Door Advertising:

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fpbs.twimg.com%2Fmedia
%2FELjVBy_WoAISdBU.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fmisayeon%2Fstatus
%2F1204947280505311232&tbnid=Ql7AVDlpfujEiM&vet=1&docid=zii4adDcra0KMM&w=9
30&h=450&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim
https://pin.it/hFZLXDP

EXAMPLE OF ADVERTISMENT

1. JOLLIBEE
Founded: 28 January 1978 In Quezon City

Founder: Tony Tan Caktiong

International Branch: 4,600

Local Branch: 1,300

Advertising Expense: P1.5 billion

Awards: Jollibee wins four bronzes at Tambuli Awards.

For embarking on youth-centered campaigns that promote positive Filipino values.

Jollibee Advertisement Examples:

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https://youtu.be/v-kdKPPCjfk
https://youtu.be/7kAOvTFA5rs
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/381961612118354357/

The company started running TV ads as early as 1980, in the same year it introduced what
has become the focus of its marketing it's mascots, particularly the brands instantly
recognizable bee character, which appear in life size form in its store. It was inspired says
Flores by the popularity of Mickey Mouse. “Jolibe” It was changed to current spelling so that
it could be more easily associated with the words “Jolly” and “Bee”.

Jollibee has been also involved in creating media content, with jollitown, an animated
children’s TV series starring the company’s mascot that began in 2008 and was the highest
rated children’s program in the Philippines while it run.

Children’s education and help have been a focus of its charitable endeavors, along the
welfare and economic development of farmers formalize since 2004 in the Jollibee group
foundation.

2. ARIEL

International Branch: Ariel

Founded - 1967 originated in Europe

Founder - proctor's and gamblers European technology centre

Advertising expenses - 1.102 billion

Award - Ariel won the 2016 Grand Prix at the 2016 WARC Price for Asian Strategy

Ariel Advertising Examples:

https://youtu.be/t7C4FwZYhsw

https://youtu.be/SZ-SojgSn2k

Ariel is a European brand of London laundry detergent developed by “P&G European

technology center”. In 1967 Ariel burst into the scene offering everyone around the world
pristine white thanks to an innovation combination of an enzyme-based compound with
encapsulated bleach. Throughout the 70s and 80s, Ariel's advertising focused on the main
user of its product - women doing laundry. Its ads highlighted the functional benefits of the
brand and continued the comparative approach that had been so successful. Ariel's
advertising has evolved from this product-benefits strategy to a more emotional approach.
Ariel has also used celebrities to endorse its brand. Clean-cut tennis player Tim Henman was
signed in 2002 and has appeared in a number of 'championship white' ads. His image
complements Ariel's branding philosophy. Despite changes in advertising style, Ariel has

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become a well-known brand by creating awareness through its TV advertising. ITV has been
a key part of its station mix for all new marketing initiatives, helping to build brand
awareness.

3. SMART

Founded: 24 January 1991 In Manila

Founder: Dave Fernando

International Branch: 24,600

Local Branch: 13,800

Advertising Expense: P72.1 Billion

Awards: Smart Communications, Inc. (Smart) bagged the Best Crisis Response Award at the
2020 Asia Communication Awards (ACA), along with a joint citation with network partner
Ericsson under the Network Automation category

Smart Advertising Examples:

https://youtu.be/oLrzCvqM_7U

https://youtu.be/CHp-9aSQrk0

January 24, 1991

Anticipating the liberalization of the Philippine telecommunications industry, a group of

Filipino investors led by Orlando B. Vea and David T. Fernando organized Smart (then
named Smart Information Technology, Inc.).
April 1992
Smart obtained its congressional franchise.

May 1993
Smart was granted provisional authority to operate a mobile cellular service.

December 1993
Smart commenced commercial operations of its cellular service.

February 1994
Smart broadened the market and made cellular phones available to a wider range of
people. Instead of charging high monthly fees and airtime rates, Smart introduced its
PriceBuster Plan, which offered subscribers a choice of monthly service plans going as low
as the then unheard-of sum of only P120. Smart launched this revolutionary plan with a
hugely successful advertising campaign that featured a “Man with a Bat” smashing glass
barriers to owning a cellular phone.

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1995
Date to be confirmed
Using a well-developed analog platform called TACS (Total Access Communications
System), Smart rapidly rolled out a cellular network with its own nationwide digital
transmission system.

February 1997
Three years after it commenced commercial operations, Smart had won over 360,000
subscribers and had become the Philippines’ largest cellular operator.

November 1998
First Pacific Company acquired a controlling stake in the PLDT, the Philippines’ largest
telecommunications company.

April 1999
With digital cellular services gaining popularity in the Philippines, Smart launched its
postpaid GSM service called Smart Gold. Operating on the 900 and 1800 radio frequency
bands, this was the Philippines’ first dual-band digital cellular service.

October 1999
Smart launched its prepaid GSM service called Smart Buddy. This set the stage for the
explosive growth of Smart’s GSM service in 2000.

March 2000
First Pacific, its Philippine affiliate Metro Pacific, and NTT swapped their shares in Smart for
shares in PLDT.

April 2000
Smart introduced Talk ’N Text, which is dubbed the “people’s brand.” Talk ‘N Text offers the
best value-for-money, with more affordable voice rates and text packages and reasonably
priced SIM cards and mobile phones.

December 2000
Smart launched Smart Money, the world’s first bank-issued reloadable electronic payment
card linked to a mobile phone. It combines the strength of Smart's mobile commerce
services and MasterCard's wide merchant acceptance network, enabling consumers to enjoy
a wide array of goods and services.

January 2001
In an event witnessed by NTC officials, Smart, in cooperation with Nokia, conducted the first
successful trials on experimental 3G systems in the Philippines. The company also started
rolling out base stations that were easily upgradeable to 3G technology.

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December 2001
Smart launched in Batanes Islands the country’s first fixed satellite service called Smart Link.

February 2003
Smart became the first mobile operator in Asia and second worldwide to offer a Microsoft-
powered smart phone named “Smart Amazing Phone.” A tri-band handset that offered both
GPRS and MMS capabilities, the revolutionary Smart Amazing Phone is a fully loaded multi-
media handset that made possible seamless connectivity with other Windows-based
devices such as PCs and laptops.

May 2003
Smart introduced Smart Load, a revolutionary over-the-air prepaid airtime reloading service
in sachet-like retail packages. Basic packages include Economy (PhP30), Regular (PhP60),
Extra (PhP115), and PhP200.

December 2003
Smart launched Pasa Load (Transfer Load), a service that allows Smart Buddy and Talk ‘N
Text subscribers to pass on to each other PhP15, PhP10, PhP5 or PhP2 worth of their own
airtime balances.

January 2004
Smart introduced Infinity, a premium postpaid plan that offers round-the-clock dedicated
personal concierge services, international assistance services, premium handset packages,
and exclusive lifestyle content.

August 1, 2004
Smart launched Smart Padala, the world’s first international cash remittance service linked
to the mobile phone. “Padala” is a Filipino household word akin to remittance, which is a
means of financial support from the estimated 10 million family members or relatives
working abroad. Smart Padala Domestic was launched in June 2005.

Smart Padala was one of the 12 finalists in the Asian Innovation Awards 2004 held in
Singapore in October 2004. Presented by Asia’s premier business magazine Far Eastern
Economic Review, Smart was the only Philippine company that made it to the finals.

June 2005
Smart launched Smart Bro. Initially as Smart WiFi, Smart Bro is a revolutionary high-speed
broadband Internet service of Smart subsidiary SBI. Smart Bro utilizes Smart’s nationwide
cellular network to wirelessly link the computer to the Internet.

November 2005

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In November 2005, Smart demonstrated its readiness to offer a full range of 3G services in a
live video conference call and an international roaming call at the annual conference of the
Inter-Working Roaming Expert Group of the GSM Association in Cebu City. Smart was the
first Philippine telco to demo its 3G technology in an international conference.

January - February 2006

Smart 3G was showcased in various festivals. Smart linked the Sinulog Festival in Cebu City
and Ati-Atihan in Kalibo City through a Smart 3G video call broadcasted on screens. Smart
also linked the Dinagyang Festival in Iloilo City to top tourist beach destination Boracay in
Aklan. In these events, Smart engineers used the 3G video call service to “broadcast” the
activities live to customers or through wide screen projections in festival venues.

January 1, 2006
To welcome the first day of 2006, a Smart 3G video call between PLDT and Smart chairman
Manuel V. Pangilinan and celebrity icon Kris Aquino was aired over the popular television
show The Buzz. This was the first time the 3G technology was demoed on television.

February 14, 2006

Smart became the first telco in the Philippines to offer 3G services to the public.
Introduced as “Smart 3G”, the new service comes less than two months after the National
Telecommunications Commission (NTC) awarded Smart its 3G license after the telco
garnered the only perfect score of 30 based on the regulatory body’s grading system
designed to gauge the capability of operators to massively and effectively provide 3G
service.

June 2006
Smart 3G enabled the mobile viewing of selected traffic zones and vacation spots
nationwide to smoothen the travel plans of motorists during the Holy Week. Using Smart
3G, motorists were able to use their 3G-capable phones to access traffic video and avoid
bottlenecks.

March 2007
Smart was first to offer a digital life solution via the Mobile Eye. A 3G device powered by
Smart, the Mobile Eye functions as a security camera, allowing Smart subscribers to closely
monitor their household, businesses, and everything else they value most via a video call
using their 3G mobile phones.

May 2007
Smart was first to offer mobile social networking through C Me on Smart – the country’s
first 3G video portal community where subscribers can meet new friends, join discussion
fora, and build social and business contacts.

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November 2007
As part of its thrust of broad banding the country and making wireless broadband Internet
services more accessible and more affordable to more people, Smart launched the Smart
Bro portable USB modem - an innovative gadget that enabled users to easily link to the
worldwide web anytime, anywhere.

July 2008
Smart by launching the country’s first flat-rate, all-in-one, unlimited messaging service
called Uzzap. Uzzap is an Internet protocol (IP)-based, downloadable application which
allows users to merge several messaging services such as SMS, instant messaging, and
email into their mobile phone.

October 2008
Smart launched its Islands Activations Program (IAP), which brings mobile money transfer
services to poor communities in the country’s remotest islands which are under-served or
unserved by the formal banking system. With the program, island residents were able to
perform mobile remittances, e-load purchases, bill and utility payments, and other micro
purchases, using their mobile phones.

February 2009
Smart won the 1st Green Mobile Award at the 2009 GSM Global Mobile Awards for its
“Alternative Power for Cell Sites” which promotes the use of wind and solar energy to power
cell sites in remote areas of the country.

May 2009
Smart introduced Sandbox, an online platform offering social networking, rich media
content downloading, and other web services such as email and instant messaging.
Accessible via PCs, laptops and mobile phones, Sandbox offers the convenience and
innovation of choice content – such as songs, games, among others – delivered straight to
the subscriber’s cell phone.

September 2008 – Smart was honored at a special ceremony in New York City at the World
Business and Development Awards (WBDA) for “giving the poor access to communication
and micro-enterprise opportunities.”

June 30, 2009

Piltel’s stockholders approved the purchase of a 20 percent stake in Manila Electric
Company (Meralco). The acquisition of a stake in Meralco was in line with the PLDT Group’s
strategic intent to maximize operational and business synergies that could yield new
revenue streams and cost savings for both the PLDT Group and Meralco.

September 2009

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Smart launched several mobile email services, the first telco to make email as ubiquitous as
voice and SMS. Smart worked with leading handset manufacturer Nokia for the launch of
Nokia Messaging in the Philippines. It likewise partnered with Research In Motion (RIM) to
offer prepaid, flat-rate, unlimited BlackBerry® data packages.

November 2009
Smart is the first telco that had successfully completed testing of the most advanced
broadband technologies such as HSPA+, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
or WiMAX, and Long-Term Evolution or LTE in various parts of the country.

June 2010
Smart partnered with MasterCard Worldwide to mobilize MasterCard payment solutions for
consumers around the world. The partnership brought together Smart subsidiary Smart Hub
Inc.’s tested mobile payments platform and telecom experience and MasterCard’s global
brand, resilient network and electronic payments legacy in order to establish an optimal
mobile payments infrastructure for the world’s developing economies.

The joint venture built upon their introduction of the MasterCard Mobile Payments
Gateway, an open mobile payment processing platform designed to facilitate MasterCard
Mobile Payment Solutions in developing markets, with the first launch scheduled in Brazil
with Itaú Unibanco and Redecard, along with mobile network operator Vivo in Brazil.

February 2011
At the GSMA Mobile World Congress held at Barcelona, Smart unveiled the Netphone™ —
its own line of Android-compliant, path-breaking smartphones designed for emerging
markets. The Netphone™ is the world's first smartphone backed by an operator-managed
platform (SmartNet).

October 2011
Smart unveiled its new logo during the highly successful Black Eyed Peas concert led by
Filipino-American singer, education advocate, and Smart’s ambassador apl.de.ap.

The new Smart logo reflects the evolving digital lifestyle of Filipinos. Smart’s corporate
name in blue remains, but its signature rays have been replaced with eight dots in various
vibrant colors, to reflect the freedom and empowerment that Smart's broader range of
products and services make possible.

October 2011
Smart introduced “Tap Share” – a service that lets Smart subscribers download content by
tapping on a poster. Tap Share uses NFC (Near Field Communications), a technology which
allows for contactless data exchange between two devices in close proximity to each other.

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Smart is the first and only telco in the Philippines to utilize NFC technology through the use
of smartphones and cards.

November 2011
Smart received international recognition for its “Alternative Power for Cell Sites” program at
the World Communications Award ceremony in London.
Smart won the Green Award for its use of renewable energy to power some 124 cell sites in
off-grid areas nationwide.

June 2012
Smart bagged three major international awards, including top honors as Operator of the
Year at the 2012 Asia Communication Awards — winning over Singapore’s Singtel and
StarHub, Australia’s Telstra Global, and Unitel of Laos.

The only Philippine telco recognized at the prestigious awards program held in Singapore,
Smart reaped the most number of operator accolades during the Annual Awards Dinner
held in Singapore. Smart’s winning entries include the Netphone—the world’s first
smartphone backed by an operator-managed system, under the Innovation Award
category, and Secured Health Information Network and Exchange (SHINE)—Smart’s flagship
mHealth program, under the Best Emerging Market Initiative category.

August 25, 2012

Smart was the first to launch the country’s fastest fourth generation (4G) mobile broadband
commercial service running on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology.

Smart’s LTE deployment was made possible by the PLDT Group’s P67.1 billion network
technology refresh program which has replaced the base station equipment in all of Smart’s
over 9,500 base stations nationwide with 4G-ready facilities.

This program has also strengthened the PLDT Group’s fiber optic networks and overseas
fiber optic cable systems to ensure that high-speed broadband services offered via LTE will
be fully supported.

September 2012
Smart scored another first in network and customer experience superiority as it extended its
pioneering LTE commercial service into a multi-frequency offering.

Recognized worldwide as a leader in innovation, Smart has fired up LTE in the 2100MHz and
1800Mhz bands officially making it the first multi-frequency service provider of mobile LTE
in the country and one of the first in the world.

September 2012

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Smart successfully made the Philippines’ first LTE voice call and SMS on its super-charged
mobile network.

Using LTE-enabled smartphones, Sun Star Cebu Business Editor and InnoPub Media co-
founder Max Limpag and Cebu Bloggers’ Society president Ruben Licera Jr. contacted
phones which were equipped with SIMs from competing networks via voice and SMS.

Similarly, Smart Technology Services Division Head Mar G. Tamayo placed a call from the
PLDT office in Cebu City to Smart Wireless Consumer Division Head Noel Lorenzana in
Makati City.

Overseas calls were also made by Huawei Wireless Technology Head Li Zhi Chao from Cebu
to the Huawei Head office in China and by Smart representatives to the NTT DoCoMo office
in Japan.

4. COCA-COLA
Founded: May 8, 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia United States

Founder: Dr. John S. Pemberton, a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia, created the syrup for
Coca-Cola.
Coca Cola
Branch: 413 offices
Advertising Expense: $4 billion each year on advertising between 2015 and 2020.
Awards: In 2017, The Coca-Cola Company won for Top Rated Company for Women, Top
Rated Company for Diversity and Top Rated Product Teams.
In 2018, The Coca-Cola Company won for Best Company for Diversity 2018 and Best
Company Compensation.

Coca-Cola Advertisement Examples:

https://youtu.be/4_FdIxXU6Pg
https://youtu.be/yg4Mq5EAEzw
https://youtu.be/i-oVg_Ga4Ks

One of the most successful names in American business history, Coca-Cola’s fascinating
beginnings turned into one of the largest beverage companies in the world. The mega
conglomerate of American capitalism, with humble beginnings as a drink containing
cocaine. Since 1886, Coca-Cola has operated through the changes in the U.S., and
eventually the world. Since going public, it has been a time-honored dividend play, with
decades of strong financial growth.

Coca-Cola Timeline
1886- John S. Pemberton creates the flavored syrup that become Coca-Cola.

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1888-Before Pemberton’s passing, he divests parts of his business, with Asa G. Cander
gaining the largest holdings. The businessman began to turn Coca-Cola into a larger scale
business. He drove distribution past the borders of Atlanta, with a focus on a more national
strategy.

1894-Bottling machines are added to a soda source in Mississippi by Joseph Biedenharn.

1899- Bottling is expanding on a grander scale, businessmen in Tennessee gain rights to the
bottling and sale of the soda.

1916-The year that the unique classic glass bottle, with its contoured shape, came into the
picture.

1971- Coca-Cola airs one of the most iconic ads in the history of advertising, their “I’d like
to buy the world a Coke” commercial.

Today- Coca-Cola does billions in revenues, and is a dividend staple for many portfolios.
The company has faced some adversity in more recent times, as they’ve had to broaden
their portfolio in order to stem declining revenues.

Throughout the years, the slogans used in advertising for Coca-Cola have reflected not only
the brand, but the times. Slogans provide a simple, direct way to communicate about Coca-
Cola.

Well Known Coca-Cola Slogans From 1866 to 2006

1886 - Drink Coca-Cola

1904 - Delicious and Refreshing
1905 - Coca-Cola Revives and Sustains
1906 - The Great National Temperance Beverage
1922 - Thirst Knows No Season
1923 - Enjoy Thirst
1924 - Refresh Yourself
1926 - It Had to Be Good to Get Where It Is
1927 - Around the Corner from Everywhere
1929 - The Pause that Refreshes
1932 - Ice Cold Sunshine
1938 - The Best Friend Thirst Ever Had
1939 - Thirst Asks Nothing More
1939 - Whoever You Are, Whatever You Do, Wherever You May Be, When You Think of
Refreshment Think of Ice Cold Coca-Cola
1942 - The Only Thing Like Coca-Cola is Coca-Cola Itself
1948 - Where There's Coke There's Hospitality

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1949 - Along the Highway to Anywhere

1952 - What You Want is a Coke
1956 - Coca-Cola... Makes Good Things Taste Better
1957 - Sign of Good Taste
1958 - The Cold, Crisp Taste of Coke
1959 - Be Really Refreshed
1963 - Things Go Better with Coke
1969 - It's the Real Thing
1971 - I'd Like to Buy the World a Coke (part of the "It's the Real Thing" campaign)
1976 - Coke Adds Life
1979 - Have a Coke and a Smile
1982 - Coke Is It!
1985 - We've Got a Taste for You (for both Coca-Cola & Coca-Cola classic)
1986 - Red, White & You (for Coca-Cola classic)
1986 - Catch the Wave (for Coca-Cola)
1988 - You Can't Beat the Feeling
1989 - Official Soft Drink of Summer
1990 - You Can't Beat the Real Thing
1993 - Always Coca-Cola
2000 - Coca-Cola. Enjoy
2001 - Life Tastes Good
2003 - Coca-Cola... Real
2005 - Make It Real
2006 - The Coke Side of Life

Coca-Cola is in the middle of a review for a new global brand campaign, Campaign US has
learned.
The scope of work includes a focus on sustainability, according to people with knowledge of
the matter.

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SOCIAL MEDIA: YOUTUBE, FACEBOOK, INSTAGRAM, TWITTER AND TIKTOK

OVERVIEW

This written report contains the definition and a brief history of Social Media. In
addition, it also includes the different social networking sites that are widely and commonly
used today such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Tiktok. Furthermore, it
encompasses the six different types of social media platform.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this written report, the learners will be able to:

 Define social media.

 Discuss the origin of social media.
 Demonstrate understanding of different types of platform
 Identify the different social networking sites.
 Identify the features and people behind different social networking sites.

LEARNING CONTENTS

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media is any digital tool that allows users to quickly create and share content
with the public. Social media encompasses a wide range of websites and apps. Some, like

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Twitter, specialize in sharing links and short written messages. Others, like Facebook and
Instagram, are built to optimize the sharing of photos and videos. The ability to share
photos, opinions, and events in real-time has transformed the way we live and the way we
do business.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF SOCIAL MEDIA

20th Century and the Precursors of Social Media

Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis first mentioned Usenet in 1979. Usenet allowed posting news post or
articles to newsgroups. Usenet systems were the one responsible for the evolution of newsreader
clients. They are also the precursor of RSS feed readers.

Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)

Bulletin board systems are one of the first forms of the social media in the late 1970’s. They are
hosted on personal computers and are accessible to one person at a time. BBS was the first kind of
website that allows users to log on and connect with each other. It remained famous until the end of
1990’s.

Instant Messaging Time

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was first introduced in 1998 and is used for link and file sharing as well as
keeping in touch. It came from BBS roots. It was also the real predecessor of modern instant
messaging. ICQ, on the other hand, was known as he first program for instant messaging for PCs.

Early Social Media

SixDegrees is the first of social media platforms launched in 1997. It had about a million members
when it peaked. Unfortunately, SixDegrees was shut down in the year 2001. From 1997 to 2001,
other sites followed like Asianavanue, Migente and Blackplanet. Users could create profiles, either
personal or professional, and also add friends.

Social Media Advances in 2000s

In terms of modern social media, Friendster was the very first proper social network. It was founded
in 2002 and has over hundred million registered users, mostly from Asia. However, they took a break
in 2015 to further improve their services. LinkedIn, founded in 2003, first used mainstream network
for business. It allows posting and interacting through private messaging. Another social media
network published in 2003 was Hi5. It has over a million active users at that time and it is mostly

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popular in Central Africa, Asia and Latin America.

The Beginning of Facebook

Facebook started its history when it was first launched in Harvard in 2004. It quickly spread to other
schools and by 2008; it had become the most famous social media platform and it still continues to
grow rapidly. It allows its users to post content and personalize their profiles. Over the years, it has
added many fresh features that made it even more popular.

MySpace
played a very important role in social media life since its launch in 2004. By 2006, it had grown to
become the most famous social media platform in the world.

YouTube
launched its website in 2005 and is the one first major sharing sites and video hosting platforms.
Users can upload videos and even embed them to other sites or blogs.

Twitter came in 2006

was originally designed as mobile SMS-platform. It has upgraded since then and now has over 300
million active users monthly.

2010 saw Instagram launch into the public domain

uses visual communication and social interaction to connect people around the world. It allows the
user to upload and share photos and video stories. It has many filters that could transform a boring
picture into an Instagram-worthy masterpiece.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLATFORMS

1. BLOGS – used primarily for keeping customers up to date with what the brand is
doing. They can be either be self-hosted on the official site, or placed on a blogging
network such as Bloggers or Tumblr. The benefit of a blogging network is access to a
pre-existing community, though this is at the sacrifice of a certain amount of control.

2. MICRO BLOGS – the most famous micro-blog is Twitter and as the name suggests
offers a very streamlined blogging functionality, with a focus on brevity. Updates

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tend to be limited to a certain number of characters. Twitter adoption is highest in

the 30+ group but has significant numbers of younger people tweeting regularly.

3. SOCIAL NETWORKS – offer services from other areas of social media, so whilst they
are their own genre their feature sets overlap heavily with other tools. Large social
networks, such as Facebook include blogging, instant and internal messaging and
discussion boards. Facebook is the largest social network reaching high levels of
uptake across nearly all demographics.

4. SOCIAL BOOKMARKS – allow users to collect links to sites and content which they
find useful or entertaining. Whilst it can be difficult to create a specific bookmarking
strategy, if good content is produced and optimized for sharing and bookmarking
then it will happen organically. The biggest platforms are Digg, Reddit, Delicious and
Stumble Upon.

5. VIDEO SHARING – tend to be more of a branding and broadcast tool for brands,
pushing out created content. However, they can also be used to increase
engagement by asking users to submit videos. The biggest player is YouTube.

6. IMAGE SHARING – the biggest dedicated photo sharing site is Flickr; whilst
Facebook has much larger number of uploads its focus is more social networking.
Image sharing sites can be used to encourage user participation, for example,
sharing photos of a particular event or activity such a people using a product.

DIFFERENT SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

1. YOUTUBE

YouTube is the largest video-sharing social media site in the world. It is video sharing
website that makes it easy to watch online videos. You can even create and upload your
own videos to share with others. For many people, People also use the video-sharing
service to follow their favorite vloggers, subscribe to other Youtubers and celebrities they
are interested in.

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Founded by the three former PayPal employees Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim

What is the point of YouTube?

The point of YouTube is to share videos and footage among people over the internet. It
started quite a while ago, around ten years old. Videos include a wide range of genres and
content, as you could imagine.

Why YouTube becomes popular?

It started out simply as a site to share videos but as social media grew those videos could
very quickly go viral. People quickly tagged on that there was money to be made producing
videos so it also grew as a business people could start. Popular channels started that got
100 000’s of subscribers and millions of video views. Smartphones then made video even
more accessible as well as giving anyone the ability to create record and upload videos.
Going live allowed you to connect with people in real time.

How youtubers make money in youtube?

It depends on the number of ads on your channel. You know how there are ads that you
can opt to skip before watching the actual video? If someone clicks that, you get earnings.
Obviously, the more advertisers invest in ads on your videos, the more you earn.

How much does youtube pay in the Philippines?

YouTube pays per 1000 views, at a rate that’s usually between $0.10 and $0.30 (PHP 5 and
PHP 15) per view. Google does take a cut from the revenues, however, so you can
realistically expect to earn between PHP 150 and PHP 250 per thousand views. The money
you earn from these views goes to a Google AdSense Account linked to your YouTube
channel.

FAMOUS FILIPINO VLOGGERS

RANZ KYLE

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is a well-known Filipino dancer and internet sensation famous for his self-titled channel on
YouTube. He mostly uploaded vlogs, pranks, challenges and their most popular dance
videos. Ranz Kyle surpassed 13 million subscribers as of now and he has a net worth of 1.7
million dollars as of November 2020.

NIANA GUERRERO

is known for making a variety of YouTube content, from funny prank videos with her
siblings, a-day-in-life vlogs, to dance covers. She’s also popularly known as a duo with her
brother Ranz Kyle and shares a tight bond with him. Niana Guerrero surpassed 12 million
subscribers as of now and she has a net worth of 2.3 million dollars as of November 2020.

JA MILL

The online loveteam called “Jamill” of Jayzam Manabat and Camille Trinidad has been one
of the latest love team on the social media that captured the heart of Filipinos and started
to make noise in social media since January 2017. They are known for their funny pranks,
challenges and couple-related vlogs. JaMill surpassed 11.5 million subscribers as of now
and has a net worth of 5.5 million dollars as of November 2020.

IVANA ALAWI

is a well-known Moroccan-Filipino actress, model, and social media personality. She rose to
fame and recognition through social media platform Instagram, where she created an
online portfolio of her acing and modeling stints. Ivana Alawi surpassed 10 million
subscribers as of now and she has a net worth of 3.6 million dollars as of November 2020.

ALEX GONZAGA

Is a Filipina television host, actress, singer, comedian, entrepreneur, author and vlogger. She
is undeniably one of the most prominent celebrity vloggers in the Philippines. She started
vlogging in the year 2017 and her videos always cause laughter among her avid viewers.
Alex Gonzaga surpassed 9 million subscribers as of now and she has a net worth of 3.9
million dollars as of November 2020.

ZEINAB HARAKE

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She is a Filipino YouTube star who is best known for her popular YouTube channel. She
stars in and produces lifestyle, vlogging and challenge videos. She also first joined YouTube
in October 2017 and her sister is also a fellow YouTuber Rana Harake. Zeinab Harake
surpassed 8 million subscribers and has a net worth of 2.6 million dollars as of November
2020.

CONG TV

His real name is Lincoln Velasquez and he is most notable for his vlog entries. Cong
registered in YouTube on February 2008, uploading a first video in December of that year.
The video was a parody MTV music video of the silent song “Rebound.” He also created a
merchandise brand called Cong Clothing. Cong TV surpassed 7.2 million subscribers and
has a net worth of 891,000 dollars as of November 2020.

2. FACEBOOK

is defined as an online social networking website where people can create profiles, share
information such as photos and quotes about themselves, and respond or link to the
information posted by others. Currently the largest social media site in the Philippines.

 It began at Harvard University in 2003 as Facemash, because Zuckerberg violated

university policy in acquiring resources for the service, it was shut down after two
days. That success prompted Zuckerberg to register the URL
http://www.thefacebook.com in January 2004. The social network TheFacebook.com
launched in February 2004.
 Facebook is the biggest social network worldwide. With over 2.7 billion monthly
active users as of the second quarter of 2020.

What is the purpose of facebook?

Facebook's mission is to give people the power to build community and bring the world
closer together. People use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover

what's going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them.

How to use?

New users can create profiles, upload photos, join a preexisting group, and start new
groups. The site has many components, including

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Timeline → a space on each user’s profile page where users can post their content and
friends can post messages.

Status → which enables users to alert friends to their current location or situation.

News Feed which → informs users of changes to their friends profile and status.

Message →Users can chat with each other and send each other private messages.

React/like button → Users can signal their approval of content on Facebook with the Like
button, a feature that also appears on many other Web sites.

Comment box →User can also interpret their opinions on the certain posts in the comment
box.

Founded by Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerburg and his friends Dustin

Moskovitz, Arie Hasit, Marcel Georgés Laverdet ll, Soleio Cuervo, Chris Putnam, Andrew
McCollum, Colin Kelly, and Mark Kaganovich.

Mark Zuckerburg - He is co-founder and CEO of the social-networking website Facebook,

as well as one of the world's youngest billionaires.

Dustin Moskovitz - He helped found Facebook and was roommates with Mark.

Arie Hasit – Arie was the first non-founder account and was friends with Chris Hughes.

Marcel Georges Laverdet II - Marcel was friends with early Facebookers and Facebook
founders.

Soleio Cuervo - He was friends with other early Facebook members like George Laverdet.

Chris Putnam - Chris was also friends with other early Facebookers.

Andrew Mccollum - Andrew was one of Mark Zuckerberg's classmates. He designs the
original logo of Facebook

Colin Kelly - Colin knew many other early facebookers.

Mark Kaganovich - Mark also knew many other early facebookers.

TRENDING TOPICS

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On Facebook, trending topics are personalized based on your location and social behavior
as well as what’s popular in general.

MOST POPULAR FACEBOOK PAGES IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. ABS-CBN with total fans of 21, 399, 971.

2. GMA Network with total fans of 20, 602, 023.
3. Marian Rivera with total fans of 19, 380, 035.
4. ABS-CBN News with total fans of 19, 020, 793.
5. Eat Bulaga with total fans of 17, 451, 494.
6. Angel Locsin with total fans of 16, 389, 324.
7. GMA News with total fans of 15, 543, 067.
8. Vice Ganda with total fans of 15, 360, 150.
9. Anne Curtis with total fans of 15, 029, 265.
10. Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho with total fans of 14, 556, 165.

3. INSTAGRAM

Instagram is one of the fastest-growing social networking platforms. In June 2018, it finally
reached 1 billion monthly active users. Instagram is a highly visual platform, where users
share videos and images. You can also use Instagram stories and Live features. It is very
popular among the younger generations.

Founded by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in 2012

Instagram facts: 33% of the most viewed stories are from businesses, 200 million
Instagram users visit at least one business profile every day, 80% of accounts follow a
business on Instagram, as of 2019, there have been over 45 billion photos shared on this
platform and selfies are one of the top uploaded pictures on Instagram with over 290
million selfies.

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MOST FOLLOWED INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Anne Curtis

username: @annecurtissmith

followers: 15.9M

2. Liza Soberano

username: @lizasoberano

followers: 14.5M

3. Kathryn Bernardo

username: @bernardokath

followers: 13.6M

4. Pia Wurtzbach

username: @piawurtzbach

followers: 11.4M

5. Catriona Gray

username: @catriona_gray

followers: 10.7M

4. TWITTER

Twitter is a platform that lets users stay on top of trending topics and engage in relevant
conversations. It is an online social networking and micro blogging service that enables
users send and read short 140-character text message, called “tweets”.

Founded by Jack Dorsey on March 2006. It was originally designed as mobile SMS-
platform. It has upgraded since then and now has over 300 million active users monthly.

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 A total of 1.3 billion accounts have been created.

 There are 330m monthly active users and 145 million daily users.
 Approximately 6.6M Filipinos use Twitter
 China has 35.5M users making it as the country with the highest number of users.

MOST FOLLOWED TWITTER ACCOUNTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Vice Ganda has 10.6 million followers on twitter.

2. Anne Curtis – Smith has 10.4 million followers on twitter.
3. Angel Locsin has 10.3 million followers on twitter.
4. Kathryn Bernardo has 8.14 million followers on twitter.
5. Yeng Constantino has 7.28 million followers on twitter.

5. TIKTOK

is a short form, video sharing app that allows users to create and share 15-second videos on
any topic. Musical.ly is the former name of the app. It was renamed when the app was taken
over by a Chinese company, ByteDance last August 2018. It’s creator, runs a different
version of the app in Chinese market known as Duyin which has over 300 million active
monthly users. Both versions of tiktok offer a wide selection of sounds and song snippets,
along with the option to add special effects and filters.

What is the point of TikTok?

It is a new way for generation Z to interact and communicate. Since the dawn of social
media, youth have flocked from MySpace to Facebook to Snapchat to Instagram, and now
to TikTok.

Why TikTok is so popular?

In October 2018, TikTok was the most downloaded photo and video app in the apple store,
globally. The app reportedly has amassed over 500 million monthly active users, the us
being the most popular country where it has been downloaded over 80 million times.

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The key reasons behind the TikTok apps surged in popularity are:

1. Celebrity endorsement - several celebrities, including Jimmy Fallon have helped drive
TikTok's popularity.

2. Localized content - the app often runs local contests and challenges and captures local
trends using localized hashtags.

3. Easy content creation, sharing, and viewing – due to the short format, neither the
video creation nor the watching process takes time or effort. Also, the short form video
content place as soon as a user opens the app.

Why tiktok is so addictive?

As you open tiktok app, a new video auto place. The tiktok algorithm usually does a good
job of a like to your video you will enjoy based on your past viewing history. Because each
clip is very short, you are unlikely to be bored by the videos, and if you don’t like one, you
can easily click on to the next one.

How to earn money in tiktok?

Step 1: You have to make a unique tiktok profile.

Step 2: You have to pick those songs or concepts which are trending in the internet.

Step 3: You can link your youtube and Instagram account with tiktok.

Step 4: You have to make sure that your video reaches to a large audience.

Step 5: Similar to twitter or Instagram, add related hashtags you are posting to boost
visibility of your content.

Step 6: Once you get a decent amount of followers on your profile, you can be approached
by brands to showcase their product on your video.

Step 7: You can also ask celebrities for your video.

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TIKTOK INFLUENCER WITH MOST NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS

1. Niana Guerrero

TikTok subscribers: 16,200,000

Total views: 733,383,100

2. Yanyan De Jesus

TikTok subscribers: 12,40,000

Total views: 1,160,718 800

3. Vladimir Grand

TikTok subscribers: 6,400,000

Total views: 492,720,000

4. Sanya Lopez

TikTok subscribers: 6,100,000

Total views: 293,736,200

5. Marvin Fojas

TikTok subscribers: 5,800,000

Total views: 594,431,500

6. Lennie Enverga

TikTok subscribers: 5,800,000

Total views: 426,879,900

7. Vien Babina

TikTok subscribers: 5,200,000

Total views: 255,403,200

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8. Jodi Sta. Maria

TikTok subscribers: 4,600,000

Total views: 174,433,700

9. Maja Salvador

TikTok subscribers: 4,600,000

Total views: 192,770,700

10. Zeinab Harake

TikTok subscribers: 4,500,000

Total views: 206,401,000

10 TIKTOK CHALLENGES THAT HAVE GONE VIRAL

1. #talachallenge – 216M views in the Philippines

2. #catriona – 125.8M views in the Philippines
3. #marikitdancechallenge – 964.6M views in the Philippines
4. #chinitagirl – 329.7M views in the Philippines

5. #savagelove – 53M views in the Philippines, 1.1B views worldwide

6. #howichange – 363.8M views in the Philippines, 2.9B views worldwide

7. #pictureinpicture – 567.4M views in the Philippines
8. #wipeitdown – 159.4M views in the Philippines, 10.1B views worldwide
9. #videoreply – 71.2M views in the Philippines, 1.6B views worldwide
10. #TikTokU – 1.4B views in the Philippines

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LITERATURE: META FICTION AND DIGI FICTION

OVERVIEW

This written report contains the definition, brief history and importance of Literature . In addition, it
also includes the two genre of Literature and those are Metafiction and Digital fiction. Furthermore, it also
discussand analyze the samples of metafiction and digital fiction.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this written report, the learners will be able to:

 To Define Literature
 Identify and differentiate the two genre of Literature
 Understand the importance of literature

LEARNING CONTENTS

DEFINITION OF LITERATURE

Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin
word literature meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most commonly refers to works of the
creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and
song. Esther Lombradi (2020)

A BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial
legacies, and on to the present. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from
generation to generation, originally through an oral tradition. However, wealthy families, especially in
Mindanao, were able to keep transcribed copies of these epics as family heirloom. One such was the

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Darangen, an epic of the Maranaos. (wikipedia)

THE IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE.

o Works of literature, at their best, provide a kind of blueprint of human society.

o Literature is more than just a historical or cultural artifact; it can serve as an introduction
to a new world of experience.

o Literature can find solace as they realize that others have gone through the same things
that they are experiencing or have experienced.

o Literature have more empathy for others, as literature puts the reader into another
person's shoes. Having empathy for others leads people to socialize more effectively,
solve conflicts peacefully, collaborate better in the workplace, behave morally, and
possibly even become involved in making their community a better place.

2 GENRE OF LITERATURE

META FICTION – It is a type of fiction that triggers the readers when the narrative explores the
characteristics of fiction itself; it takes place in fictional tales. For instance, an example of metafiction
includes a story that discusses how stories are produced by reflecting on character types, how plots are
shaped, or other aspects of storytelling. Metafiction can be playful or dramatic, but it always forces the
reader to think about the nature of storytelling itself and how fictional stories are made.

—Meta fiction is a style of prose narrative in which attention is directed to the process of fictive
composition. Jerome Klinkowitz (2017)

Digital fiction — is fiction that is written for and read from a computer and can be web- or app-based
(for tablets and smartphones) or accessed via CD-ROMs. Digital fictions are different to e-books,
however. Rather than existing as a digital version of a print novel, digital fictions are “born digital” – that
is, they would lose something of their aesthetic and/or structural form and meaning if they were removed
from the digital medium (Bell et al 2010).

—It is a literary experience that combines the three media: books, movie/ video and intenet
website.

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Sample of Meta Fiction

Ingles ng Pilipinas

by Rolando B. Tolentino

According to a literary critic, Filipinos have colonized the English language. The literal and epistemic
violence of learning the language of the colonizer was suddenly erased. It is even an advantage why we
prefer foreign business workers.

Kung gayon, ang aking rekomendasyon ay si Melanie Marquez ang gawin nating Secretary ng English
Language. At yung iba pang tunay na ginawang katawa-tawa ang ingles ang siyang maging rehiyunal na
deputy ni Secretary Melanie.

Wika niya: “Hindi ako kumakain ng tao! I am not a carnival!(cannibal)” “I am not an addict! I am the
victims!” Sa isang interview, napunta ang topic sa kanyang height, “I was 5’11” last year but I grew not
(grew up). I’m now 5’12”.” Nang tanungin siya ni Ate Luds, “Paano mo nalalampasan ang mga pagsubok
sa buhay?” sagot niya, “You know what, Ate Luds, when you’re alone, you really have to set your foot…
ahhh.. forward!” Nang tanungin siya ni Eddie Mercado, “Angie Dickinson has insured her legs for a
million dollars, would you also do the same?” sagot niya, “No, of course no, because I am proud and
contented with my long legged.” Nang tanungin siya ni Sharon, “Meron bang discrimination sa mga
pinays [sa modeling]?” sagot niya, “Saan ang Pilipinas?” Nang tanungin siya ni Boy Abunda, “O Melanie,
paano na ang showbiz career mo ngayong nagmo-mormon ka na?” sagot niya, “A okay lang yan, Boy
kasi matagal na rin akong semi-retarded(retired).” Sa Startalk naman, fineature siya dahil bago siyang
panganak sa panganay nila ni Atty. Lawyer, “Finally, my answeres have been prayered.”

Sa S-Files naman, ang parting words niya sa ex-husband na si Lito Lapid, junior action king at governor
ng Pampanga, “Basta, Lito tandaan mo lang ang sabi ni Lord sa Ten Commandments: Don’t do unto
others what you don’t want other to do unto you.” Tinanong siya kung napanood na niya ang pilot
episode ng show na kasama siya, sagot niya, “Hindi nga eh pero marami akong narinig na word of
mouth na maganda raw ang show.” Nang tanungin siya kung ano ang pinakapaborito niyang pelikula
lately na napanood, sagot niya, “Maganda yung kay Emma Thompson at Kate Winslet, yung ‘Simple and
Simplicity (Sense and Sensibility).’” Nang manalo siya bilang best actress, “Ito na talaga ang
pinakamaligaya kong pasko at manigong bagong taon sa inyong lahat.” Narito naman ang credential ng
pwedeng maging deputies.

Nang tanungin si Jessa Zaragoza ni Kris Aquino ng tatlong magagandang salita para kay Dingdong, sabi
niya, “Actually, one world lang eh, ‘My Life.’” Nang tangkaing linawin ni Regine Velasquez ang tungkol sa
paglipat nina Pops at Zsazsa sa Star Records at ang pagbibitaw daw niya ng “Yung mga umalis ng Viva
Records, nagdi-diva-divahan lang!” sabi niya, “No, it didn’t came in my mouth. It was actually my
publisher who blurted out those words.” Tungkol naman sa pakikipag-date niya kay KC Montero, sabi
niya, “No, we’re not dating. He’s like my grandchildren na no!” Si Nadia Montenegro naman, “I would like
to invite all of you to watch ’14 Going Steady’ on the twenty-twooth of November…” at “I would like to
invite everyone to watch ‘The Live Story of Julie Vega.’ Kung saan man si Julie ngayon, I’m sure she’s
happy ‘coz it’s just around the corner.”

Who is Dr. Rolando B. Tolentino ?

Dr. Rolando B. Tolentino ( Author)

 currently a Professor at the University of the Philippines Film Institute in Diliman. And a member
of “Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino” and Film Development Council of The Philippines.
 He completed his PhD on Film, Literature, and Culture at the University of Southern California on
a Fulbright Grant in 1997, and since then has written extensively on Philippine cinema, literature,

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and popular culture producing more than 90 publications. And also recieved an awards of UP
Press Centennial Publication Award, Obermann Summer Research Fellowship, Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards, National Book Award and Manila Critics Circle Awards.

Some of his works are:

 *“Like/Unlike: Kuwentong Facebook at Politika ng Agam-agam” (2014),

 * “Almanak ng Isang Aktibista” (2011),
 *“Sakit ng Kalingkingan: 100 Dagli sa Edad ng Krisis” (2005).

Why Ingles ng Pilipinas became popular in Philippine literature?

The Author uses a popular personalities in media to easily guess and interpret his purpose in micro
story. (Academic Relevance)

Sample of Digital Fiction

Mobile Legends

Mobile Legends is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) for iOS and Android devices developed and
published by Shanghai Moonton Technology, a game development company based in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. The game was launched in 2016. Kyle Chua(2019)

3 Characters of Mobile Legends

Lapu- Lapu

 Filipino national hero Lapu-lapu is the newest hero on popular multiplayer online battle arena
(MOBA) game Mobile Legends ,Bang bang. Warrior Lapu-lapu won the mobile phone game poll
for the Philippines’ choice of the next Mobile Legends hero, beating Jose Rizal and Andres
Bonifacio.
 The concept art for Lapu-lapu depicts the hero as a native with a tattooed muscular body, an
absolute warrior which fits the known image of the Philippine hero.
 The MOBA game describes the hero Lapu-Lapu as one who “took up his twin blades and led his
people into battle, slaying countless invaders. Under his leadership, they won victory and the
respect of the enemy, free once again to live in peace.”
 “The incident of ‘outside invaders’ made our hero aware of the world beyond the island, and
though beset by enemies, he packed his bags and began a journey to learn about this world,”
reads the caption on the introduction video. https://youtu.be/LhMcTlSjhqk
 Lapu-lapu is known as the pre-Spanish warrior who defended Mactan, Cebu from the Spanish
conquerors led by Ferdinand Magellan.

Kadita

 The Queen of the Southern Seas, Kadita, was once the princess of a small island nation.
Admired by everyone, Kadita was considered by all to be genuine, intelligent, and kind-hearted.
However, fate often finds its way to hit people with strife. Kadita was no different. As the heir
apparent to the king, a member within the royal family grew jealous of Kadita and conspired to
ruin her — An unknown mage wielding the power of black magic viciously attacked the princess.
Kadita came under a powerful spell that robbed her of all her beauty, giving her a strange skin
disease in the process.
 The sorcerers of the kingdom tried everything they could think of to help their beloved princess,
but no one could break the spell. Over time, the people's love for Kadita faded, causing her to
lose power and confidence. Out of tremendous despair, Kadita trudged to a high cliff, facing the

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oceans and threw herself away into the stormy Southern Seas. However, Kadita was rescued by
the ocean demons. Using the trident of the seas, the ocean demons were able to break Kadita's
powerful spell and restore her to her past beauty. On that day, Kadita became the legendary
Queen of the Southern Seas. Assuming all-new powers, Kadita became adept at controlling the
ocean waters and the weather.
 One day a royal ship, carrying the wicked mage and some of Kadita's conspirators was passing
by the Southern Seas. Suddenly, a massive storm blew the ship apart, rowing all the royals in it,
to the bottom. Everyone though it was an unfortunate coincidence but instead, it was Kadita, who
was seeking her vengeance.
 Sailors from all corners of the world came to fear the Southern Seas any longer. Survivors
recanted their experiences after facing Kadita. Some say she had the appearance of a strange
mermaid, while others said she was more beautiful than the princess they knew before. As
stories of Kadita began to spread, legends say that she possesses seven legendary spears,
each with its own unique abilities, used to punish
 any invaders who intended to violate the Southern Seas.
 As the story goes, Kadita collected the seven spears while guarding the Southern Seas.
However, no one had the power to control all seven spears at once, except for Kadita.

CHARACTERISTICS
 ALIAS:Ocean Goddess
Queen of the Southern Seas
Former Princess of Blue Flame
 FACTION:Southern
 PLACE:Southern Seas
Blue Flame, Vonetis Islands
 WEAPON: Ocean Trident, Legendary Seven Spears
 GENDER:Female
 RACE: Demigod

Dr. Baker

 Dr. Baker was one of the co-founders of Laboratory 1718, an institution created with the aim of
bringing peace to the world. But as his colleagues, that is, the other scientists fell deeper and
deeper into their depraved human weaponization experiments, Dr. Baker felt he had no choice
but to leave all this behind and pursue a new project. Renouncing the questionable ethics of
human experimentation, he endeavored to create a new kind of lifeform, solely from a
mechanical skeleton, puppet strings, and synthetic skin. Finally, a new generation of artificial life
was born. Dr. Baker firmly believed that, love and hope were the greatest inventions of mankind.
So he programmed the world's most moving stories into the heart of his new creation,
transforming her into an android based robot, meant for helping others.
 One bright morning, Peace Android Prototype 1 awakened from her bed, and Dr. Baker
bestowed upon this adorable mechanical angel, the Name Angela. Angela followed Dr. Baker's
tutelage, studying hard to understand the world, and hoping to meet the inventor's high
expectations. However, their peaceful life together, was soon cut short. When the mad scientist
of lab 1718, heard rumors that Dr. Baker had created a living soul outside a human body, which
didn't meet their ideas of creating flesh weapons, they couldn't bear to believe it. They were
convinced among themselves that Baker had betrayed them, keeping this knowledge to himself
before fleeing, and so they ordered Dr. Baker's past creations, Alpha and Beta to hunt down Dr.
Baker and his creation. As their pursuers were just about to close in on them, Dr. Baker placed
Angela into a flight capsule, instructing her to seek out his good friend Rooney.

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Characteristic

 Alias: Bunny love. Android Helper

 Faction: Mechanical.
 Place: Eruditio, City of Scholars (Currently) Laboratory 1718 (Previous)

Why Mobile Legends became popular?

Mobile Legends became popular in the Philippines since it’s easier to play and you don’t need a full PC
setup to play with so it’s actually more economical. There's a lot of characters you can try in this game
and one thing more it became popular because it is a simplified moba experience and this is time
efficient to play.

Summary

Philippine literature is literature associated with the Philippines from prehistory, through its colonial
legacies, and on to the present. Pre-Hispanic Philippine literature was actually epics passed on from
generation to generation, originally through an oral tradition. Works of literature, at their best, provide a
kind of blueprint of human society. Literature can help people to socialize more effectively, solve conflicts
peacefully, collaborate better in the workplace, behave morally, and possibly even become involved in
making their community a better place.

The difference between the 2 Genre of Literature .Digital fiction is fiction that is written for and read from
a computer. It can be web- or app-based (for tablets and smartphones) or accessed via CD-ROMs. It is
a literary experience that combines the three media: books, movie/ video and intenet website.
Metafiction can be playful or dramatic, but it always forces the reader to think about the nature of
storytelling itself and how fictional stories are made. It's a style of prose narrative in which attention is
directed to the process of fictive composition.

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FOOD

OVERVIEW

This written report contains the definition and history of the food. In addition, it also
contains the evolution of the food. Furthermore, it includes the evolution of food in the
Philippines, and how it is related to the Popular Culture.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In this written report, the learners will be able to:

 Know the history of food

 Define what is food
 Identify the categories of the following food, (milk tea and coffee, samgyupsal, sushi
bake).

LEARNING CONTENTS

DEFINITION OF FOOD

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of
plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats,
proteins, vitamins, or minerals. Historically, people secured food through two methods:
hunting and gathering, and agriculture.

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF FOOD

In western Europe, medieval cuisine (5th-15th century) did not change

rapidly.Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle ages. Barley,
oats and rye were eaten by the poor. In ancient Rome, differences in social standings
affected the diet. For people of all socioeconomic classes, breakfast and lunch were
typically light meals that were often consumed in taverns and cafes. However, dinners were
eaten at home and were taken much more seriously. Wealthy senators and landowners ate
meals and multiple courses, including appetizers, entrees, and desserts. Rich Romans also
held extravagant dinner parties, where guest dined in exotic foods, such as roasted ostrich
or pheasant. In contrast, people of the lower classes ate mostly bread and cereals. Before
the advent of wheat or rice noodles, one of the first kinds ever documented in the country
and In the world was a bowl of 4000-year-old millet noodles discovered at the lajia
archaeological site Yellow River.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD

1. COFFEE
DEFINITION OF COFFEE
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from
certain Coffea species. When coffee berries turn from green to bright red in color –
indicating ripeness – they are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to
as "beans") are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted
beans are ground and then brewed with near-boiling water to produce the beverage known
as coffee.
Coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans,
primarily due to its caffeine content. It is one of the most popular drinks in the world, and
can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways.
HISTORY OF COFFEE
No one knows exactly how or when coffee was discovered, though there are many legends
about its origin. An Ethiopian Legend said that Coffee grown worldwide can trace its
heritage back centuries to the ancient coffee forests on the Ethiopian plateau. There,
legend says the goat herder Kaldi first discovered the potential of these beloved beans. The
story goes that that Kaldi discovered coffee after he noticed that after eating the berries
from a certain tree, his goats became so energetic that they did not want to sleep at
night. Kaldi reported his findings to the abbot of the local monastery, who made a drink with
the berries and found that it kept him alert through the long hours of evening prayer. The
abbot shared his discovery with the other monks at the monastery, and knowledge of the
energizing berries began to spread.As word moved east and coffee reached the Arabian
peninsula, it began a journey which would bring these beans across the globe.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COFFEE BEANS
1. ARABICA

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Coffea arabica also known as the Arabian coffee, "coffee shrub of Arabia",
"mountain coffee" or "arabica coffee", is a species of Coffea. Arabica is the most
popular type of coffee, hands down. Depending on who you ask, many coffee
enthusiasts prefer using Arabica beans due to its taste. Typically used for black coffee,
Arabica beans have a sweeter, more complex flavor that you can drink straight. Funny
thing is, even though it’s the most popular, it doesn’t have as much caffeine as Robusta.
2. ROBUSTA
Coffea canephora commonly known as robusta coffee, is a species of coffee that has
its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa.While Arabica is the most popular,
Robusta is cheaper and stronger. Because of its bitter flavor, you’ll typically see
Robusta used for espresso drinks and in instant coffee mixes. If your Monday morning
is lagging, reach for a cup of coffee that uses Robusta beans. Their high caffeine
content will wake you right up.
3. LIBERICA (Coffea liberica)
Liberica is harder to come by in the coffee world these days, but this varietal has an
important place in the world’s coffee history.Liberica beans are larger than the others,
often asymmetrical, and they’re the only coffee bean in the world that has such an
irregular shape. The beans are said to have a unique aroma, consisting of floral and
fruity notes, with a full body that possesses a smoky taste; those who have had Liberica
coffee say that it is unlike any coffee they have ever tasted—with many saying it does
not even taste like coffee, stating that it tastes too “woody”.

4. EXCELSA
Although Excelsa has been recently re-classified as a member of the Liberica family,
the two couldn’t be more different; it differs so much from Liberica that some members
of the coffee community still think of it as a separate species. It was re-named as a
genus of Liberica because it grows on large 20-30 ft trees like Liberica at similar
altitudes and has a similar almond-like shape.
TYPES OF COFFEE DRINKS
BLACK COFFEE
Black coffee is a simple as it gets with ground coffee beans steeped in hot water, served
warm. And if you want to sound fancy, you can call black coffee by its proper name: cafe
noir.
LATTE
As the most popular coffee drink out there, the latte is comprised of a shot of espresso and
steamed milk with just a touch of foam. It can be ordered plain or with a flavor shot of
anything from vanilla to pumpkin spice.
CAPPUCINO
Cappucino is a lattte made with more foam than steamed milk, often with a sprinkle of
cocoa powder or cinnamon on top. Sometimes you can find variations thaat use cream of
milk or ones that throw in flavor shot as well.
MACCHIATO
The macchiato is another espresso-based drink that has a small amount of foam on top. It’s

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the happy medium between a cappuccino and a doppio.

AMERICANO COFFEE
With a similar flavor to black coffee, the americano consists of an espresso shot diluted in
hot water. Pro tip: if you’re making your own, pour the espresso first, then add the hot
water.
ESPRESSO
An espresso shot can be served solo or used as the foundation of most coffee drinks, like
lattes and macchiatos.
RED EYE
Named after those pesky midnight flights, a red eye can cure any tiresome morning. A full
cup of hot coffee with an espresso shot mixed in, this will definitely get your heart racing.
FRAPPUCINO
Made famous by Starbucks, the Frappuccino is a blended iced coffee drink that’s topped
with whipped cream and syrup
DALGONA COFFEE
Dalgona Coffee is a cold latte drink that comes with a velvety smooth and
sweet coffee foam on top. Dalgona coffee is inspired by the South Korean dalgona candy, a
toffee sponge that resembles the creamy dollop that tops the ice coffee.
Top 10 popular coffee brands worldwide
1 Starbucks
•Founded in 1971 at Seattle, Washington
•From just a narrow storefront, Starbucks offered some of the world's finest fresh-roasted
whole bean coffees. The name, inspired by Moby Dick, evoked the romance of the high
seas and the seafaring tradition of the early coffee traders.
2 Dunkin' Donuts
• Founded in 1950 at Canton, Massachusetts
• Dunkin' is not as big a brand as Starbucks but they are second in line in the number of
stores. But yes, the coffee Dunkin' offers is surely somewhat superior to Starbucks. For
instance, Dunkin' does not have the signature burnt taste in coffee as Starbucks does. The
coffee is also cheaper.
3 Costa Coffee
• Founded in 1971 at London, United Kingdom
• Costa coffee is one of the largest coffee chains in Britain. Having its presence in more
than 31 countries worldwide, it has more than 3000 outlets serving coffee with around 18
thousand branches in the whole world.
4 McCafé
• Founded in 1993 at Melbourne, Australia
• Owned by McDonald's, McCafe is one of the leading coffee chains in countries like
Australia and New Zealand. McCafé enjoys the benefit of having a vast presence. As
McDonald's expands worldwide, there is a decent chance of McCafé doing the same.
5 Peet's Coffee
• Founded in 1966 at California, United States

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• Peet's coffee is said to be fairly stronger than the coffee Starbucks serves so it might not
be for everyone. Peet's has a long history of serving darker roasted Arabica coffee. The
coffee supposedly has a variety of flavours .
6 Nescafe
• Founded in 1938 at Switzerland
• If there is another coffee everyone has heard of, it is Nescafe. It's present almost
anywhere in the globe. The instant coffee by Nescafe is unbeatable, not so much by taste
as it is for availability.
7 Bru Coffee
• Launched in 1968 at India
• originated in India, Bru is perhaps one of the largest competitors of Nescafe is South Asia.
Bru is not all coffee though, it is a graceful mix of coffee and chicory.
8 Gloria Jean's Coffees
• Founded in 1979 at Australia
• Gloria Jean's has definitely a more prominent presence within Australia with more than
450 outlets. But, that does not mean it's doing badly globally either. It has around a
thousand stores worldwide and Bangladesh is one of them.
9 Tim Horton's
• Founded in 1964 in Ontario, Canada
• Being one of the oldest coffee brands, Tim Horton's cafes have more of a traditional
setting. It is a fast-food chain with less customizable coffee options.

10 Folgers
• Introduced in 1850 at the United States
• Folgers is one of the most iconic coffee brands in the United States. The brand is well
known for their ground coffee and is thought to have revolutionised the idea of it as well.

2.SAMGYEOPSAL

What is Samgyeopsal?
For the name of the dish, “sam” literally means “three”, “gyeop” means “layer” and “sal”
means “meat”. It is a dish using three-layered fatty pork belly meat as the key ingredient
and you can clearly see alternate layers of fat and meat. You may also come across
“ogyeopsl” (오겹살 – “five-layered meat” as “o” means “five”) but the cooking method is
the same. Unlike bulgogi which marinates the meat before grilling, samgyeopsal does not
marinate or season the meat before grilling. It is said that samgyeopsal originated from the
habit of Korean miners (who inhale unhealthy dust in the mining tunnels) who ate
samgyeopsal after work since it was believed that it could help detoxify their bodies.
Thick and long slices of fatty pork belly meat are cooked on a grill by the diners at the table
and the diners may grill other ingredients like mushroom, kimchi, garlic and onions at the
same time. Once cooked, the diners cut the meat into small slices using scissors. You may

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just pick up a small slice of meat and dip it into seasonings like red pepper paste, soybean
paste, sesame oil and eat it alone or with boiled rice. However, a more common and
interesting way of eating is that the diners put a slice of meat into a piece of lettuce leaf or
sesame leaf together with the their favourite ingredients (e.g., kimchi, garlic, onion,
mushrooms, boiled rice, bean sprouts, etc.) and seasonings to make a wrap, which is then
eaten as a whole, usually in one go. You can watch this video to understand how the
samgyeopsal is grilled and eaten.
Samgyeopsal Day
In South Korea, Koreans designate 3 March (which has two “3”s in the date) as
“Samgyeopsal Day” and celebrate by eating samgyeopsal. According to the E-Mart chain,
in 2014, average daily sales of samgyeopsal amounted to 600 million won between 1 to 3
March vs. 220 million won for the rest of the month. In 2015, average daily sales of
samgyeopsal in February amounted to 250 million won but on 1 March alone, the figure
jumped to around 700 million won. Therefore, a lot of Koreans seem to observe this
special “Samgyeopsal Day”.

Side Dishes at Korean Barbecue Restos

1. Kimchi (salted and fermented vegetables)
Kimchi is one of the most popular and well-known Korean side dishes. It's a
traditional spicy-tangy side dish made from salted and fermented vegetables, commonly
cabbage and radish. The spiciness of kimchi comes from the chili powder, garlic, ginger,
red pepper, and sugar, and fish sauce.
2. Kongnamul Munchim (seasoned soybean sprouts)
Kong means "soybean sprouts," while Namul means "vegetable side dish." These
non-spicy soybean sprouts are commonly lightly-seasoned which makes it a great addition
to spicy meat. This banchan also adds a bit of crunch and texture to each bite.
3. Algamja-jorim (braised baby potatoes)
The Algamja-jorim is made with baby potatoes that are braised in soy sauce and rice
syrup. You know that this sweet side dish is cooked to perfection when the baby potatoes'
skin is crunchy, while the inside is soft and fluffy.
4. Japchae (glass noodles stir-fried with vegetables)
Japchae is a sweet potato starch noodle dish that is typically made with beef and a
mixture of vegetables, such as carrots, spinach, onions, mushrooms, cucumber, and bell

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peppers. The crunchy and vibrant vegetables also give it a contrasting texture from the
springy, chewy noodles. For a more filling Korean Barbecue experience, you can add a bit
of this classic sweet-savory Korean side dish to your lettuce-wrapped grilled meat
5. Eomuk Bokkeum (fish cakes)
The Eomuk Bokkeum is a fish cake side dish that's typically made with fish cake
sheets. Eomuk Bokkeum is best made when the fish cake sheets are thinly sliced so the
flavor is easily soaked up by the fish cake sheets. This is commonly served as a side dish,
but can also be eaten as is or added to a bowl of soup or noodle dishes.
6. Gyeran-jjim (steamed egg)
Even though the Gyeran-jjim looks a lot like egg souffle, this Korean side dish is
steamed instead of baked. It's slightly salty, savory, with a fluffy texture-that's reminiscent of
clouds. This is best paired with peppery grilled meats that can tone down the spiciness.
7. Hobak Bokkeum (stir-fried zucchini)
The Hobak Bokkeum traditionally uses Korean zucchini, which is slightly thicker and
with a more tender flesh compared to other types of zucchini. What gives these banchan a
salty flavor is the saeujeot, which is salted and fermented tiny shrimps.
8. Chickin Mu (pickled radish)
The Chickin Mu is a pickled radish that's crunchy, sweet, and commonly served cold.
This is a great side dish that can cleanse your palate when you're in between sampling
spicy meats.Oi Sobagi (spicy cucumber kimchi)
9. Oi Sobagi (spicy cucumber kimchi)
The Oi Sobagi is made by stuffing vegetables and kimchi paste in between a sliced
8cucumber. It's a crisp, crunchy side dish that goes well with beef.
10. Lettuce
The lettuce plays an important part in the whole experience of eating at a Korean
Barbecue restaurant. The lettuce serves as the wrap that holds together the grilled meat
and the banchan. Once the meat and banchan are tucked inside the wrap, you can dip it in
the sauce before popping it in your mouth in one bite.

Top 6 Korean Restaurants with the Best Samgyupsal in Metro Manila

1. Sariwon Korean Restaurant
Branches:G/F New Promenade, Greenhills Shopping Center, Greenhills, San Juan
Bonifacio High Street Central, 7th Ave. corner 29th St., Bonifacio Global City
2. Soban K-Town Grill

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Branches:
3F Greenbelt 3, Ayala Center, Makati City
G/F ATC Corporate Center, Alabang, Muntinlupa City
2F Eastwood Mall, Libis, Quezon City
G/F Robinsons Place Manila, Ermita, Manila
3F Bridgeway, SM Megamall, Ortigas, Mandaluyong
UG/F Main Building, SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
2F One Bonifacio High Street Mall, 28th St. Corner 5th Ave., Bonifacio Global City
3. Leann's Tea House
Branch: 105R Mother Ignacia corner Sct. Madrinan St., South Triangle, Quezon City
4. Geonbae Modern Korean Bar & Grill
Branch: 115 Scout Delgado St, Sacred Heart, Tomas Morato, Quezon City
5. Samgyupsalamat
Branch: Various
6. Romantic Baboy
Branch: CKB Centre, Tomas Morato Avenue Corner Scout Rallos Street, Laging Handa,
Quezon City
7. Seoul Train Korean BBQ
Branch: 28 Sgt Esguerra Ave, near Tomas Morato, South Triangle, Diliman, Quezon City

The Popularity of Samgyeopsal in the Philippines

Nowadays, Korean Culture had influenced Filipinos greatly. From their music,
clothes, skincare products and even their foods. Like ramen, kimchi, spicy noodles, milktea
and the most popular, “Samgyeopsal” or Korean Barbeque. We can see many post on
social media about it and there are many new restaurant opens around manila and
provinces. Many Filipinos are going crazy about it because of its unique concept and it
comes with various side dishes.

3.MILKTEA
Introduction
Tea is known to have originated from China. As a neighboring country of China,
Taiwan also values the health benefits of tea. Many stores around schools and offices offer
their own version of tea blends. They consider drinking tea to relax after hours of work and
study. As the competition among Taiwanese stores arises, some businessmen improved
their teas by adding other flavors and mixing it with other ingredients.
The creation of Milk Tea and its Origin
Drinking tea is a Taiwanese pastime that verges on obsession. There are several tea
vendors that claim to have been the first to create this now world-famous drink-the bubble
tea or boba tea and later on also called milk tea. The most credible is Liu Han-Chieh of
Chun Shui Tang Teahouse in Taichung.
In the early 1980s, she noted that Japanese people enjoyed drinking cold coffee and
so he tried out the idea with tea. His cold teas were so popular that his business expanded
and he opened several new branches throughout the city.
It was in 1983 when the tapioca pearls were introduced in Taiwan. During a meeting
Liu poured some tapioca balls into his iced teas then everyone liked it. Later on she
decided to infuse the pearls in tea with milk and sugar. The drink became a hit and was

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called bubble tea because of the pearls that look like bubbles inside every cup and the well-
loved drink was born.
Another popular theory is that Tu Tsong-he of the Hanlin Teahouse invented the
drink on a whim. He used white tapioca balls which resembled pearls which is allegedly
where the name originated.
Wherever it started, there’s no doubt that it took the Taiwanese tea industry by storm
and forced many traditional vendors to adapt their menus to include this new and popular
drink.

What is Milk tea?

Originally Milk tea also known as bubble tea is a beverage created from tea and milk
with or without tapioca balls or jelly-like pearls floating around in the bottom of the cup. It is
served whether iced or hot. You can also ask the barista if they can lower the sweetness,
since there are places that do offer that option on their menu: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%
sweetness (the standard is usually the 100%) in a cup depends on the size of the customer
wanted (small, large, medium) with an oversized straw. Until then the Milk Tea became a
wide know drink and due to creativity of people it has now a variety of flavors.
Among the top flavors for Filipinos are cheese, milk tea with pearl, wintermelon,
pandan, and chocolate, with pearls as the leading bubble tea topping followed by cheese
and pudding. According to GrabFood, bubble tea drinkers are also more likely to order the
drink during lunch time on all days of the week, confirming that it’s the perfect complement
to a midday meal.

Why Milk Tea became popular in the Philippines?

We all know that the Philippines is located near the equator and experiencing rainy
and dry seasons wherein we want the exact complimentary drinks for the season.
From being a coffee country, the Philippines is now dominated by another drink—
milk tea. Stores and stalls offering milk tea are sprouting like mushroom. They are literally
everywhere, highlighting not just their special concoctions but their witty brand names as
well.
You might be wondering how did the milk tea craze start in the country and how it
was able to penetrate the Philippine market. Well, read on to discover the sweet origin of
this trending sip.

The Pioneer of Milk Tea Craze in the Philippines

Although tea is a known drink in the Philippines, it was just in 2010 when the milk tea
craze reached the country. According to food experts, the first milk tea shop in the
Philippines opened in December 2008 named “Serenitea.” It is owned by Peter and Juliet
Chen who lived in Taiwan and decided to introduce the tea blend to Filipinos.
The tiny tea shop in Little Baguio, San Juan, opened in December 2008, after Peter
Chen, a graduate of the College of St. Benilde, came back from a trip to Taiwan where milk
tea was all the rage. “I saw in China, na dati mas tea drinkers sila, now nagiging coffee
drinkers sila. So naisip ko, baka may possibility na dito sa atin, magka-switch naman from
coffee to tea.” He was also encouraged by the success of C2, the line of bottled iced tea
drinks that was readily embraced by the Philippine market. With these indicators, Peter
thought it could be the right time to bring in milk tea.
Choosing a drink at Serenitea involves many decisions, and Peter and Juliet want to
make sure the choices are all appealing. The menu features many variants of freshly

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brewed tea, mixed with milk, lattes, or fruit flavors, sweetened with the amount of sugar you
prefer, and containing different “sinkers” (including pearls or sago, crystals or nata de coco,
pudding, and pannacotta).
Social media played a huge role in reaching more Filipinos and now a favorite drink
for many of us and also a good source of income for entrepreneurs. Since then, milk tea
gave the coffee shops a good game in the food industry.

4.SUSHI BAKE

What is Sushi Bake?

It is basically a deconstructed sushi roll in that there is no need to roll the sushi. The bake
consists of layers of rice, Furikaki (Japanese rice seasoning), a mixture of shredded baked
salmon, mayo, sour cream, and fish roe, and finally another layer of Furikake.
The Origin
Although there is no definitive history of how the sushi casserole idea came about, some
articles suggest it might have originated in Hawaii which also gave birth to the poke bowl
and spam musubi.
This baked seafood and rice might have just recently taken the Philippines by storm.
Sushi bake, simply put, is a broken-down version of the maki. Instead of rolling the rice
around various fillings and wrapping with a sheet of dried seaweed, the different
components are layered in a baking dish and finished off in the oven.
Ingredients of Sushi Bake:
 3 tablespoons rice vinegar
 3 tablespoons granulated sugar
 1 tablespoon salt
 3 cups cooked white rice
 1/2 cup cream cheese, softened
 1/2 cup mayonnaise
 6 ounces imitation crab, shredded and roughly chopped
 1/4 cup green onion, sliced
 2 tablespoons unagi sauce
 1/4 cup furikake
 Optional: nori sheets

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