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Learn Java - Introduction - Variables Cheatsheet - Codecademy

Learn variables for free

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21 views

Learn Java - Introduction - Variables Cheatsheet - Codecademy

Learn variables for free

Uploaded by

missphosphorus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn Java: Introduction

Variables

boolean Data Type


In Java, the boolean primitive data type is used to boolean result = true;
store a value, which can be either true or false .
boolean isMarried = false;

Strings
A String in Java is a Object that holds multiple // Creating a String variable
characters. It is not a primitive datatype.
String name = "Bob";
A String can be created by placing characters between
a pair of double quotes ( " ).
To compare Strings, the equals() method must be // The following will print "false"
used instead of the primitive equality comparator == .
because strings are case-sensitive
System.out.println(name.equals("bob"));

int Data Type


In Java, the int datatype is used to store integer int num1 = 10; // positive value
values. This means that it can store all positive and
int num2 = -5; // negative value
negative whole numbers and zero.
int num3 = 0; // zero value
int num4 = 12.5; // not allowed

char Data Type


In Java, char is used to store a single character. The char answer = 'y';
character must be enclosed in single quotes.
Primitive Data Types
Java’s most basic data types are known as primitive int age = 28;
data types and are in the system by default.
The available types are as follows:
int char grade = 'A';
char
boolean
boolean late = true;
byte
long
short byte b = 20;
double
float
long num1 = 1234567;
null is another, but it can only ever store the value
null .
short no = 10;

float k = (float)12.5;

double pi = 3.14;

Static Typing
In Java, the type of a variable is checked at compile int i = 10; // type is int
time. This is known as static typing. It has the advantage
char ch = 'a'; // type is char
of catching the errors at compile time rather than at
execution time.
Variables must be declared with the appropriate data j = 20; // won't compile, no
type or the program will not compile.
type is given
char name = "Lil"; // won't compile,
wrong data type

final Keyword
The value of a variable cannot be changed if the // Value cannot be changed:
variable was declared using the final keyword.
final double PI = 3.14;
Note that the variable must be given a value when it is
declared as final . final variables cannot be
changed; any attempts at doing so will result in an error
message.

double Data Type


The double primitive type is used to hold decimal double PI = 3.14;
values.
double price = 5.75;
Math Operations
Basic math operations can be applied to int , double int a = 20;
and float data types:
int b = 10;
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication int result;
/ division
% modulo (yields the remainder)
result = a + b; // 30
These operations are not supported for other data
types.
result = a - b; // 10

result = a * b; // 200

result = a / b; // 2

result = a % b; // 0

Comparison Operators
Comparison operators can be used to compare two int a = 5;
values:
int b = 3;
> greater than
< less than
>= greater than or equal to boolean result = a > b;
<= less than or equal to // result now holds the boolean value
== equal to
true
!= not equal to
They are supported for primitive data types and the
result of a comparison is a boolean value true or
false .

Compound Assignment Operators


Compound assignment operators can be used to int number = 5;
change and reassign the value of a variable using one
line of code. Compound assignment operators include
+= , -= , *= , /= , and %= . number += 3; // Value is now 8
number -= 4; // Value is now 4
number *= 6; // Value is now 24
number /= 2; // Value is now 12
number %= 7; // Value is now 5
Increment and Decrement Operators
The increment operator, ( ++ ), can increase the value int numApples = 5;
of a number-based variable by 1 while the decrement
numApples++; // Value is now 6
operator, ( -- ), can decrease the value of a variable by
1.
int numOranges = 5;
numOranges--; // Value is now 4

Order of Operations
The order in which an expression with multiple
operators is evaluated is determined by the order of
operations: parentheses -> multiplication -> division ->
modulo -> addition -> subtraction.

Casting
Casting is the process of transforming a value of one // Convert double to int
primitive data type to another.
double numDouble = 12.99;
A double value can be transformed into an int value
using the (int) casting operator, while an int value System.out.println((int)doubleNum); //
can be transformed into a double value using the Prints: 12
(double) casting operator.

// Convert int to double


int numInt = 9;
System.out.println((double)numInt); //
Prints: 9.0

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