TITLE: IOT ATTENDANCE BASED SYSTEM

THEME: BUSSINESS MODEL

Contributor/ Mentor: Ms Jyoti Ahlawat

Partner/ Founder 1: Himanshu Kumar Rai (Btech CSE)

Partner/ Founder 2: Ujala singh (Btech CSE)
Partner/ Founder 3: Aryan Rai (Btech CSE) + Integrated MBA
Partner/ Founder 4: Vaibhav Gupta (Btech CSE)
Partner/ Founder 5: Yashica Nagal(Btech CSE)
Partner/ Founder 6: Rajveer Singh Chahal (Btech Mechatronics)
Partner/ Founder 7: Aryan Misra( B.Tech CSE + Integrated
MBA) Partner/ Founder 8: Krithik mangal (BCA Game
Development)

Introduction
The fascinating world of IoT-based fingerprint attendance systems. These
innovative solutions combine biometrics, connectivity, and smart technology
to revolutionize attendance management. Here’s an overview:
IoT-Based Biometric Fingerprint Attendance System
1. Purpose and Objective
The IoT-based biometric fingerprint attendance system aims to automate
attendance tracking, enhance accuracy, and improve security. By leveraging
fingerprint recognition and internet connectivity, this system eliminates manual
processes and provides real-time data.
2. How It Works

 Fingerprint Enrollment:
o Users’ fingerprints are enrolled and stored in the system.
o The enrollment process ensures unique identification for each
individual.
 Attendance Marking:
o When users arrive at a specific location (e.g., classroom,
office), they place their finger on a fingerprint sensor.
o The system verifies their identity by comparing the live
fingerprint with stored templates.
o Real-time attendance records are generated.
 Data Transmission:
o The IoT-enabled device (such as NodeMCU ESP8266)
collects attendance data.
o Data is transmitted over the internet to a central server or
cloud platform.
 Database and Records:
o A website (coded in PHP) maintains attendance records.
o Users can log in to access their attendance history, including
personal details and timing.
o Data can be exported to Excel sheets for further analysis.

3. Advantages

 Accuracy: Fingerprint recognition ensures precise attendance

tracking.
 Security: Biometrics are unique and tamper-resistant.
 Real-Time Updates: Attendance records are available instantly.
 Efficiency: Eliminates paperwork and manual data entry.
 Wide Applications:
o Schools, colleges, and universities.
o Business organizations.
o Offices.
o Biometric security systems.

4. Components
To build an IoT-based biometric fingerprint attendance system, you’ll need
the following components:

1. NodeMCU ESP8266 Board: The Wi-Fi module that collects

fingerprint data from multiple users and sends it over the internet.
2. R305/R307 Fingerprint Sensor: The sensor for fingerprint
enrollment and verification.
3. 0.96" I2C OLED Display: For real-time feedback.
4. Connecting Wires: To establish connections.
5. Breadboard: To prototype the circuit.

5. Fingerprint Sensor Module (R305)

 This optical biometric fingerprint reader offers great features.

 It can be embedded into various end products, including:
o Access control systems.
o Attendance systems.
o Safety deposit boxes.
o Car door locking systems.

6. Conclusion
IoT-based fingerprint attendance systems enhance security, accuracy, and
efficiency. Whether in educational institutions or corporate settings, these
systems redefine how we manage attendance. By using biometrics, we create a
more secure and reliable environment for user. We can explore similar
projects like the Arduino Fingerprint Attendance System or consider using the
GT511C3 fingerprint sensor for better performance.

Vision of the Business

The business potential of an IoT-based fingerprint attendance system. This
innovative solution combines cutting-edge technology with practical
applications. Here’s the vision:
Vision for IoT-Based Fingerprint Attendance System
1. Efficiency and Accuracy:
o Our vision is to create an attendance system that surpasses
traditional methods.
o By integrating IoT and biometrics, we aim to automate
attendance tracking seamlessly.
 o Imagine classrooms, offices, and events where attendance is
recorded instantly, eliminating paperwork and errors.
2. Real-Time Insights:
o Our system will provide real-time attendance data.
o Educators, administrators, and parents can access
attendance records effortlessly.
o Imagine a dashboard that displays attendance trends,
latecomers, and absentees at a glance.
3. Security and Reliability:
o Biometric authentication ensures secure identification.
o Fingerprint recognition is tamper-proof and unique to each
individual.
o Imagine a system that prevents proxy attendance and
unauthorized access.
4. Customization and Integration:
o Our vision includes flexibility.
o The system can integrate with existing databases, student
information systems, and payroll software.
o Imagine seamless integration that adapts to diverse
organizational needs.
5. Scalability and Adaptability:
o We envision a solution that scales effortlessly.
o Whether it’s a small school or a multinational corporation, our
system adapts.
o Imagine a modular architecture that grows with your
institution.
6. Revenue Streams:
o Our business model includes multiple revenue streams:
 Subscription Model: Institutes pay for ongoing
access.
 Hardware Sales: We offer fingerprint sensors and
related components.
 Customization Fees: Tailoring the system to specific
requirements.
 Maintenance Contracts: Ensuring long-term reliability.
o Imagine a sustainable business that benefits both users and
stakeholders.
7. Impact and Social Good:
o Our vision extends beyond profit.
o Reliable attendance data enhances educational outcomes.
o Imagine contributing to better student engagement, teacher
effectiveness, and organizational efficiency.
In summary, our IoT-based fingerprint attendance system aims to
revolutionize how attendance is managed. It’s not just about tracking time;
it’s about empowering institutions with data-driven insights.
Together, let’s build a future where attendance becomes seamless, secure, and
smart.

Problem Statement
The problem statement for an IoT-based fingerprint attendance system. This
system aims to address several challenges associated with traditional
attendance methods and enhance efficiency. Here’s the problem statement:
Problem Statement: Enhancing Attendance Management with IoT
and Biometrics
Background and Challenges

 Manual Processes: Traditional attendance systems rely on manual

processes, such as paper-based attendance sheets or manual data entry.
These methods are time-consuming and error- prone.
 Disruption in Educational Settings: Passing around attendance
sheets in classrooms disrupts the learning environment and wastes
valuable class time.
 Loss of Records: Misplaced paperwork can lead to the loss of
attendance records, causing administrative headaches.

Objectives

1. Automate Attendance Tracking: Develop an automated system

that eliminates manual attendance processes.
2. Improve Accuracy: Ensure accurate attendance records by
leveraging biometric technology.
3. Real-Time Data: Provide real-time attendance data for educators,
administrators, and parents.
4. Security and Reliability: Create a tamper-proof system that
prevents proxy attendance and unauthorized access.
5. Integration and Customization: Seamlessly integrate with
existing databases and adapt to diverse organizational needs.

Solution Approach
  IoT-Based Fingerprint Attendance System:
o Utilize IoT (Internet of Things) technology for connectivity.
o Implement biometric fingerprint recognition for secure
identification.
o Collect attendance data from multiple users using Wi-Fi-
enabled modules (e.g., NodeMCU ESP8266).
o Transmit data over the internet to a central server or cloud
platform.
o Maintain attendance records on a website coded in PHP.
o Provide user-friendly access to attendance history, including
personal details and timing.
o Allow data export to Excel sheets for further analysis.

Benefits and Impact

 Efficiency: Streamline attendance management, saving time and

effort.
 Security: Biometrics ensure accurate identification and prevent
fraud.
 Insights: Real-time data informs decision-making and trend
analysis.
 Scalability: Suitable for educational institutions, offices, and other
settings.
 Revenue Opportunities: Explore subscription models, hardware
sales, customization fees, and maintenance contracts.

In summary, the IoT-based fingerprint attendance system aims to

revolutionize how attendance is recorded, making it seamless, secure, and
smart.

Solution: IoT-Based Fingerprint Attendance System

1. Components and Architecture

 Fingerprint Sensor Module (R305/R307):

o The heart of the system, this module captures and processes
fingerprint data.
o It communicates with the microcontroller (e.g., NodeMCU
ESP8266).
 Microcontroller (NodeMCU ESP8266):
o Collects attendance data from the fingerprint sensor.
o Connects to Wi-Fi for data transmission.
o Interfaces with the central server or cloud platform.
  Central Server or Cloud Platform:
o Receives attendance data from multiple devices.
o Stores and manages attendance records.
o Provides real-time access to authorized users.
 Website or Dashboard (Coded in PHP):
o Displays attendance records.
o Allows users (educators, administrators, parents) to log in.
o Shows personal attendance history and timing.
o Enables data export (e.g., to Excel sheets).

2. Workflow

1. Fingerprint Enrollment:
o Users’ fingerprints are enrolled during system setup.
o The fingerprint sensor captures unique features.
o Templates are stored securely.
2. Attendance Marking:
o When users arrive (e.g., students entering a classroom), they place
their finger on the sensor.
o The system verifies their identity by comparing the live
fingerprint with stored templates.
o Real-time attendance records are generated.
3. Data Transmission:
o The NodeMCU ESP8266 collects attendance data.
o Over Wi-Fi, it sends data to the central server or cloud.
4. Database and Records:
o The website displays attendance history.
o Users can view their own records.
o Administrators access overall attendance data.
o Data is organized and easily retrievable.

3. Benefits

 Accuracy: Biometrics ensure precise identification.

 Security: Fingerprint recognition prevents proxy attendance.
 Real-Time Insights: Educators and parents get instant updates.
 Efficiency: No manual paperwork or data entry.
 Scalability: Suitable for schools, colleges, offices, and events.

4. Revenue Streams

 Subscription Model: Institutes pay for ongoing access.

 Hardware Sales: Offer fingerprint sensors and related
components.
  Customization Fees: Tailor the system to specific requirements.
 Maintenance Contracts: Ensure long-term reliability.

5. Impact

 Education: Enhance student engagement and teacher

effectiveness.
 Organizations: Improve efficiency and data-driven decision-
making.

In summary, our IoT-based fingerprint attendance system transforms how

attendance is managed. It’s not just about tracking time; it’s about
empowering institutions with secure, real-time data. Let’s build a future
where attendance becomes seamless and smart.

Key highlights and USP

key features and unique selling points (USPs) of an IoT-based
fingerprint attendance system:
Key Highlights and USPs of IoT-Based Fingerprint Attendance
System
1. Biometric Accuracy:
o The system relies on individual fingerprints, ensuring precise
identification.
o Unlike manual methods, it eliminates errors due to human
oversight.
2. Real-Time Tracking:
o Attendance records are updated instantly.
o Educators, administrators, and parents can access live data.
3. Security and Fraud Prevention:
o Fingerprint recognition prevents proxy attendance.
o Tamper-proof biometrics enhance system integrity.
4. Contactless Experience:
o Users simply place their finger on the sensor—no physical
tokens required.
o Ideal for pandemic situations and hygiene-conscious
environments.
5. Seamless Integration:
o Integrates with existing databases and student information
systems.
 o Customizable to meet specific organizational needs.
6. Efficiency and Time Savings:
o No manual paperwork or data entry.
o Streamlines administrative tasks.
7. Scalability:
o Suitable for schools, colleges, offices, and events.
o Can adapt to varying user volumes.
8. Revenue Opportunities:
o Subscription models, hardware sales, customization fees, and
maintenance contracts.
o A sustainable business model.

In summary, the IoT-based fingerprint attendance system combines

accuracy, security, and efficiency, making attendance management
smarter and more reliable.

Key Activities:
The key activities involved in an IoT-based fingerprint attendance
system. These systems leverage biometric technology to automate
attendance tracking and enhance efficiency. Here are the essential
activities:
1. Fingerprint Data Collection:
o Objective: To capture fingerprints of students or employees.
o How It Works:
 A fingerprint sensor (such as the R305 or R307) scans the
user’s fingerprint.
 The sensor processes the fingerprint data and extracts
unique features.
 The system stores these features for future
comparison.
o Benefits:
 Highly secure and personalized.
 Eliminates the need for physical tokens (e.g., ID cards).
2. Authentication and Verification:
o Objective: To verify the identity of individuals during
attendance.
o How It Works:
 When a user places their finger on the sensor, it
compares the live fingerprint with stored templates.
 If a match is found, the system confirms the user’s
identity.
  Real-time verification ensures accurate attendance
records.
o Benefits:
 Prevents proxy attendance.
 Provides reliable authentication.
3. Data Transmission and Storage:
o Objective: To record attendance data and make it
accessible.
o How It Works:
 The system communicates with a central server or
cloud platform.
 Attendance records are transmitted over the internet.
 Data is securely stored and organized for further
analysis.
o Benefits:
 Enables remote monitoring.
 Facilitates data retrieval and reporting.
4. Attendance Processing:
o Objective: To generate attendance records.
o How It Works:
 The system compiles attendance data for each user.
 It calculates total hours, days present, and other
relevant metrics.
 Records are updated in real time.
o Benefits:
 Streamlines administrative tasks.
 Provides accurate reports.
5. Integration with Other Systems:
o Objective: To seamlessly integrate attendance data with
existing infrastructure.
o How It Works:
 The system can link attendance records to student
databases, payroll systems, or access control.
 APIs or custom interfaces allow data exchange.
o Benefits:
 Enhances overall efficiency.
 Reduces manual data entry.
6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting:
o Objective: To ensure system reliability.
o How It Works:
 Regular maintenance includes sensor calibration,
firmware updates, and hardware checks.
 Troubleshooting resolves issues promptly.
 o Benefits:
 Minimizes downtime.
 Sustains long-term functionality.

In summary, IoT-based fingerprint attendance systems offer a robust

solution for accurate and efficient attendance management. By combining
biometrics, data transmission, and integration capabilities, these systems
enhance security and streamline administrative processes.

Business and Revenue Model

Business and revenue model of an IoT-based attendance system. These
systems leverage technology to streamline attendance tracking, enhance
accuracy, and reduce manual effort. Here are some key aspects to consider:
1. Traditional Attendance Challenges:
o Manual attendance methods involve paper-based or file- based
processes, which are time-consuming and prone to human
error.
o Passing attendance sheets disrupts students’ attention,
especially in larger classes.
o Misplaced paperwork can lead to the loss of attendance records
2. IoT-Based Attendance System:
o Objective: To automate attendance management and
improve efficiency.
o Approaches:
 RFID Tag Detection: Radio-frequency identification
(RFID) tags are attached to students or employees. When
they enter a specific location (e.g., classroom or office), the
system detects their presence.
 Fingerprint Recognition: Biometric data (such as
fingerprints) can uniquely identify individuals.
 Facial Recognition: Non-invasive and contactless,
this method uses cameras to recognize faces.
o Data Storage and Sharing:
 Attendance data is saved on platforms like Google
Sheets via Wi-Fi.
 Real-time data sharing ensures accurate records
across multiple locations.
o Parent Notifications:
 GSM technology can send notifications to parents
regarding their child’s attendance.
o COVID-19 Considerations:

Contactless face recognition using devices like ESP-32 cam is

crucial in pandemic situations

3. Revenue Models for IoT-Based Systems:

o Subscription Model:
 Institutes pay a recurring fee for using the attendance
system.
 Revenue is generated through ongoing subscriptions.
o Hardware Sales:
 Sell RFID modules, cameras, or other hardware
components.
 Revenue comes from one-time sales.
o Consumables Model:
 Provide the core system (e.g., RFID readers) for free or at a
low cost.
 Charge for consumables (e.g., RFID tags) that need
replacement.
o Customization and Integration Fees:
 Charge for customizing the system to meet specific
institute requirements.
 Integration with existing infrastructure (e.g., student
databases) can also be a revenue source.
o Maintenance and Support Contracts:
 Offer ongoing maintenance and support services.
 Generate revenue through service contracts

In summary, IoT-based attendance systems not only improve accuracy but also
open up various revenue opportunities for providers. Whether through
subscriptions, hardware sales, or customization services, these systems can be
both efficient and profitable.

Traction
The traction for IoT-based attendance systems is gaining momentum across
various sectors due to their efficiency, security, and convenience. Here’s a brief
overview:
1. Adoption in Multiple Sectors:
 o IoT-based attendance systems are being adopted in sectors like
education, healthcare, transportation,
and agriculture.
o They offer solutions for contactless check-ins, which became
particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. Benefits Driving Adoption:
o The systems provide a reliable and secure alternative to
manual attendance methods.
o They address shortcomings such as time theft and offer
features like temperature measurements for health
monitoring.
3. Target Audience:
o The primary target audience includes educational
institutions, corporate offices, and healthcare facilities.
o These systems are also suitable for any organization looking to
automate attendance tracking and enhance security measures.
4. Market Growth Factors:
o The demand for contactless and automated solutions has
increased due to health concerns.
o Organizations are seeking ways to improve efficiency and
accuracy in attendance management.

IOT based attendance system are well postioned for growth as they continue
to offer innovative solutions to traditional challenges in attendance tracking.

Competitive Landscape
Competitive landscape of IoT-based fingerprint attendance systems. These
systems leverage biometrics and connectivity to enhance attendance
management. Here are some notable projects and solutions:
1. IoT Biometric Fingerprint Attendance System with ESP8266:
o Overview: This project uses NodeMCU ESP8266, a 0.96"
OLED display, and the R305 or R307 fingerprint sensor.
o Workflow:
 The ESP8266 collects fingerprint data from multiple
users.
 Data is sent over the internet to a website coded in
PHP.
 The website maintains attendance records, including
personal details and timing.
 o Benefits:
 Real-time tracking, security, and scalability.
o Application: : Schools, colleges, offices, and security
systems
2. IoT-Based Fingerprint Biometric Attendance System Using
NodeMCU:
o Overview: This system utilizes NodeMCU (ESP8266), a
0.96" OLED display, and the R-307 fingerprint sensor.
o Workflow:
 Fingerprint enrollment occurs on the server using the R-
307 sensor.
 Users’ fingerprints are verified on the client side.
 Data is transmitted over the internet to a website.
o USP: Contactless experience, real-time tracking, and
security
3. IoT-Based Smart Attendance System Project Using NodeMCU
ESP8266:
o Overview: This project integrates NodeMCU with the R305
fingerprint module and an LCD display.
o Workflow:
 Fingerprint data is collected.
 Attendance logs are stored in a Google spreadsheet.
o Benefits: Real-time attendance tracking and easy log
maintenance

In summary, these IoT-based fingerprint attendance systems offer accuracy,

security, and efficiency. They cater to educational institutions, businesses, and
security applications. As the field evolves, we can expect more innovative
solutions to emerge

Market Opportunity for IoT-Based

Attendance Systems
Attendance management is critical for various sectors, including educational
institutions, corporate offices, and healthcare facilities. Here are some key
points regarding the market opportunity for IoT-based attendance systems:
1. Efficiency and Accuracy: Traditional attendance systems (such as
manual registers or RFID cards) have limitations in terms of accuracy
and
 efficiency. IoT-based solutions can automate the process, reduce errors,
and provide real-time data.
2. Scalability: As organizations grow, managing attendance becomes
more complex. IoT systems can scale seamlessly to accommodate a
large number of users without compromising accuracy.
3. Contactless Solutions: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic,
contactless attendance systems have gained prominence. IoT solutions
can offer touchless options, reducing the risk of virus transmission.
4. Data Insights: IoT attendance systems collect valuable data
beyond attendance records. This data can be analyzed to identify
patterns, optimize resource allocation, and improve overall
efficiency.
5. Integration with Other Systems: IoT attendance systems can
integrate with payroll, HR, and other management systems,
streamlining
administrative processes.
Go-to-Market Strategy for IoT-Based Attendance Systems
Developing a successful go-to-market (GTM) strategy is crucial for the adoption
and success of any product. Here are steps to consider when creating a GTM
strategy for IoT-based attendance systems:
1. Market Research and Segmentation:
o Understand the target market (e.g., educational
institutions, corporate offices, healthcare facilities).
o Identify pain points related to attendance management.
o Segment the market based on organization size, industry,
and specific needs.
2. Value Proposition:
o Clearly define the value your IoT attendance system provides.
o Highlight benefits such as accuracy, real-time data, scalability,
and contactless features.
3. Pricing Model:
o Decide on a pricing structure (subscription-based, one-
time purchase, or freemium).
 o Consider competitive pricing while ensuring profitability.
4. Distribution Channels:
o Explore distribution channels such as direct sales, partnerships,
or online platforms.
o Leverage existing networks and industry relationships.
5. Marketing and Promotion:
o Develop marketing collateral (website, brochures, case studies).
o Use digital marketing (social media, content marketing,
webinars) to create awareness.
o Attend relevant industry events and conferences.
6. Sales Approach:
o Train sales teams on the product’s features, benefits,
and competitive advantages.
o Offer product demos to potential customers.
o Highlight the ROI and long-term benefits.
7. Customer Support and Training:
o Provide excellent customer support.
o Offer training sessions for users and administrators.
8. Feedback and Iteration:
o Continuously gather feedback from early adopters.
o Use insights to improve the product and refine the GTM strategy.
Remember that successful GTM strategies are adaptable and evolve based on
market dynamics and customer feedback. Market Opportunity for IoT-Based
Attendance Systems
Attendance management is critical for various sectors, including educational
institutions, corporate offices, and healthcare facilities. Here are some key
points regarding the market opportunity for IoT-based attendance systems:
1. Efficiency and Accuracy: Traditional attendance systems (such as
manual registers or RFID cards) have limitations in terms of accuracy
and
 efficiency. IoT-based solutions can automate the process, reduce errors,
and provide real-time data.
2. Scalability: As organizations grow, managing attendance becomes
more complex. IoT systems can scale seamlessly to accommodate a
large number of users without compromising accuracy.
3. Contactless Solutions: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic,
contactless attendance systems have gained prominence. IoT solutions
can offer touchless options, reducing the risk of virus transmission.
4. Data Insights: IoT attendance systems collect valuable data
beyond attendance records. This data can be analyzed to identify
patterns, optimize resource allocation, and improve overall
efficiency.
5. Integration with Other Systems: IoT attendance systems can
integrate with payroll, HR, and other management systems,
streamlining
administrative processes.
Go-to-Market Strategy for IoT-Based Attendance Systems
Developing a successful go-to-market (GTM) strategy is crucial for the adoption
and success of any product. Here are steps to consider when creating a GTM
strategy for IoT-based attendance systems:
1. Market Research and Segmentation:
o Understand the target market (e.g., educational
institutions, corporate offices, healthcare facilities).
o Identify pain points related to attendance management.
o Segment the market based on organization size, industry,
and specific needs.
2. Value Proposition:
o Clearly define the value your IoT attendance system provides.
o Highlight benefits such as accuracy, real-time data, scalability,
and contactless features.
3. Pricing Model:
o Decide on a pricing structure (subscription-based, one-
time purchase, or freemium).
 o Consider competitive pricing while ensuring profitability.
4. Distribution Channels:
o Explore distribution channels such as direct sales, partnerships,
or online platforms.
o Leverage existing networks and industry relationships.
5. Marketing and Promotion:
o Develop marketing collateral (website, brochures, case studies).
o Use digital marketing (social media, content marketing,
webinars) to create awareness.
o Attend relevant industry events and conferences.
6. Sales Approach:
o Train sales teams on the product’s features, benefits,
and competitive advantages.
o Offer product demos to potential customers.
o Highlight the ROI and long-term benefits.
7. Customer Support and Training:
o Provide excellent customer support.
o Offer training sessions for users and administrators.
8. Feedback and Iteration:
o Continuously gather feedback from early adopters.
o Use insights to improve the product and refine the GTM strategy.
Remember that successful GTM strategies are adaptable and evolve based
on market dynamics and customer feedback.
By addressing market needs and effectively communicating the value of our
IOT attendance system, we can position it for success in the market.

SWOT analysis of the business:

 SWOT analysis for an IoT-based attendance system. This analysis will help
us understand the
system’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Keep in
mind that this analysis is essential for strategic planning and decision- making.
Strengths of IoT-Based Attendance Systems:

1. Beneficial to the Workplace:

o IoT devices are not limited to homes; they are also used in
workplaces, factories, and production lines.
o These devices can streamline processes, optimize production,
and even adjust production based on market demand.
2. Environmental Impact:
o Smart and connected devices contribute to environmental
sustainability.
o IoT systems, such as smart lighting and electric cars, reduce
emissions and energy consumption.
3. Innovation and Data Integration:
o IoT represents innovation by combining everyday devices with
data analytics.
o Examples include smart speakers and autonomous driving
vehicles.
o The potential for future advancements is vast.

Weaknesses of IoT-Based Attendance Systems:

1. Security Concerns:
o Security is the primary weakness of any IoT device.
o Breaches, hacks, and unauthorized access pose significant risks.
o Ensuring robust security measures is crucial.
2. Complexity and Interoperability:
o Integrating various IoT devices and ensuring seamless
communication can be challenging.
o Compatibility issues may arise when different devices use
different protocols.
o Standardization efforts are ongoing.

Opportunities for IoT-Based Attendance Systems:

1. Market Growth:
 o The demand for attendance solutions is rising across sectors
(education, healthcare, corporate).
o IoT-based systems have ample growth opportunities.
2. Customization and Industry-Specific Solutions:
o Tailoring solutions to specific industry needs (e.g., education,
healthcare) can lead to success.
o Customized features enhance user experience and adoption.
3. Data Analytics and Insights:
o Beyond attendance tracking, IoT systems provide valuable data
for resource optimization.
o Organizations can make informed decisions based on real- time
insights.

Threats to IoT-Based Attendance Systems:

1. Privacy and Data Protection:

o Privacy concerns persist due to data collection and sharing.
o Compliance with data protection regulations is essential.
2. Dependency on Connectivity:
o IoT systems rely on network connectivity.
o Downtime or disruptions can impact attendance tracking.
3. Cost and Implementation Challenges:
o Developing and deploying IoT solutions can be expensive.
o Organizations must weigh costs against benefits.

Play music. In summary, IOT based attendance system offer immense potential.
But addressing security interoperability, and privacy challenges is critical for
long success.

Financial Projections (Expected Revenue and

expenses with turn around time)
The financial projections for an IoT-based fingerprint attendance system. While
I don’t have access to specific financial data, I can provide a general overview
of expected revenue and expenses, along with a turnaround time.
1. Expected Revenue
Streams: Subscription Model:
  Institutes (schools, colleges, businesses) pay a recurring fee for using
the attendance system.
 Revenue accumulates over time as more institutions subscribe.
 Pricing can be based on the number of users or locations.

Hardware Sales:

 Offer fingerprint sensors (such as R305/R307) and related

components.
 Revenue comes from one-time sales.
 Marketing efforts and partnerships with distributors can boost
sales.

Customization and Integration Fees:

 Charge for customizing the system to meet specific institute

requirements.
 Integration with existing infrastructure (e.g., student databases) can
also be a revenue source.
 Tailoring the system ensures client satisfaction.

Maintenance and Support Contracts:

 Offer ongoing maintenance and support services.

 Generate revenue through service contracts.
 Regular updates, troubleshooting, and system enhancements
contribute to recurring income.

2. Expected Expenses:
Hardware Costs:

 Procurement of components like NodeMCU ESP8266, OLED

displays, and fingerprint sensors.
 Initial investment in quality hardware is crucial.

Development and Implementation:

 Costs associated with software development, website creation, and

database setup.
 Hiring developers or allocating internal resources.

Marketing and Sales:

  Promoting the system through digital marketing, advertisements, and
sales efforts.
 Building brand awareness and reaching potential clients.

Maintenance and Upgrades:

 Ongoing expenses for system maintenance, bug fixes, and

updates.
 Ensuring the system remains reliable and secure.

3. Turnaround Time:
Development Phase:

 Depends on the complexity of the system and team efficiency.

 Typically, a few months for initial development and testing.

Deployment and Adoption:

 After development, deployment to clients takes additional time.

 Adoption by institutes may vary; marketing efforts play a role.

Revenue Generation:

 Revenue starts once subscriptions, hardware sales, and

customization contracts are secured.
 It may take several months to build a substantial revenue stream.

4. Conclusion:

 The financial success of the IoT-based fingerprint attendance

system depends on effective marketing, client adoption, and
ongoing support.
 Balancing expenses and revenue is critical for sustainable growth.

Remember that these projections are general estimates, and actual results
may vary based on market dynamics, competition, and other factors.

Funds Requirement for IoT-Based Fingerprint

Attendance System
  1. Development Costs:
o NodeMCU ESP8266 Board: Typically priced around Rs 500 to
2500.
o R305/R307 Fingerprint Sensor: Costs approximately Rs 700 to
2000.
o 0.96" I2C OLED Display: Usually available for Rs 200 to 450.
o Connecting Wires, Breadboard, and other components:
Budget around Rs 1000
 Software Development:
o Hiring developers or allocating internal resources for coding and
testing.
o Costs vary based on expertise and project complexity.

 Hardware Components:
o NodeMCU ESP8266 Board: Typically priced around Rs(500 to
2000)
o R305/R307 Fingerprint Sensor: Costs approximately Rs (700 to
1800).
o 0.96" I2C OLED Display: Usually available for Rs 150to 400.
o Connecting Wires, Breadboard, and other components:
Budget around Rs1000.
 Software Development:
o Hiring developers or allocating internal resources for coding and
testing.
o Costs vary based on expertise and project complexity.

2. Implementation and Deployment:

 Website Setup:
o Domain registration and hosting costs (if using an external
website).
o Alternatively, setting up a local server for testing and
deployment.
 Database Configuration:
o Creating and maintaining a database for attendance records.
o Costs depend on the chosen database management system (e.g.,
MySQL, PostgreSQL).

3. Marketing and Promotion:

 Digital Marketing:
 o Promoting the system through online channels (social media, ads,
etc.).
o Budget allocation for marketing campaigns.
 Sales Efforts:
o Sales team salaries or commissions (if applicable).

4. Maintenance and Upgrades:

 Ongoing Expenses:
o Regular maintenance, bug fixes, and updates.
o Ensuring system reliability and security.
 Customer Support:
o Providing assistance to users.
o Costs associated with support staff.

5. Revenue Generation:

 Subscription Model:
o Recurring revenue from institutes using the system.
 Hardware Sales:
o One-time revenue from selling fingerprint sensors and
related components.
 Customization Fees:
o Charging for tailoring the system to specific requirements.
 Maintenance Contracts:
o Generating revenue through ongoing support services.

Conclusion:

 The financial success of the IoT-based fingerprint attendance

system depends on effective marketing, client adoption, and
ongoing support.
 Balancing expenses and revenue is crucial for sustainable growth.

Manpower Requirement
1. Project Manager:
o Role: Oversees the entire project, including planning,
execution, and delivery.
o Responsibilities:
 Define project scope, goals, and deliverables.
  Allocate resources and manage timelines.
 Coordinate communication among team members.
 Monitor progress and address any issues.
2. Hardware Engineer:
o Role: Designs and implements the hardware components of the
system.
o Responsibilities:
 Select appropriate sensors (e.g., fingerprint sensors,
OLED displays).
 Design the circuit layout.
 Prototype and test hardware configurations.
 Ensure compatibility and reliability.
3. Software Developer/Programmer:
o Role: Develops the software components of the system.
o Responsibilities:
 Write code for data collection, transmission, and
database management.
 Implement the website or dashboard (coded in PHP or other
relevant languages).
 Integrate hardware and software functionalities.
4. Database Administrator:
o Role: Manages the database where attendance records are stored.
o Responsibilities:
 Set up the database (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).
 Optimize data storage and retrieval.
 Ensure data security and backups.
5. Network Specialist:
o Role: Ensures seamless communication between devices and
the central server.
o Responsibilities:
 Configure Wi-Fi connectivity for NodeMCU ESP8266.
 Troubleshoot network issues.
 Monitor data transmission.
6. Quality Assurance (QA) Tester:
o Role: Ensures the system functions correctly and meets
requirements.
o Responsibilities:
 Test fingerprint enrollment, verification, and data
transmission.
 Verify real-time updates and accuracy.
 Identify and report any bugs or issues.
7. Technical Support/Help Desk:
 o Role: Provides assistance to users and resolves queries.
o Responsibilities:
 Address user inquiries related to the system.
 Troubleshoot issues promptly.
 Document common problems and solutions.
8. Sales and Marketing Team:
o Role: Promotes the system and secures clients.
o Responsibilities:
 Market the solution to educational institutions,
businesses, and organizations.
 Generate leads and close sales.
 Communicate the system’s benefits to potential clients.
9. Maintenance and Upgrades Team:
o Role: Ensures ongoing system reliability.
o Responsibilities:
 Perform regular maintenance (software updates, bug
fixes).
 Implement system upgrades based on user feedback and
technological advancements.
10. Documentation Specialist:
o Role: Creates user manuals, technical documentation, and
training materials.
o Responsibilities:
 Document system functionalities, installation
procedures, and troubleshooting steps.
 Provide clear instructions for users.

Model

Fingerprint sensor R307s:

How fingerprint sensor works:
Features

 Relative humidity: <90% H (no condensation)

 Optical module (C3) overall dimensions (L × W ×
H): 47.65mm x 20.50mm x 21.20mm
 Capacitive module dimensions: Main control board (L
× W × H): 35mm x 28mm x 7mm
 Sensors (L × W): 33.4mm x 20.4mm
 Scratch-type module dimensions: Main control
board (L × W × H): 35mm x 28mm x 7mm
 Sensor board (L × W × H): 24mm x 20mm x 5mm
Pinout

Pin Name Pin Description

DNC White wires

VCC Red wire

TX Blue wire

RX Green Wire

GND Black wire

 Specifications

Profile 256 bytes

Template file 512 bytes

Power supply voltage 5V DC

Operating current <120mA

Peak current <130mA

Fingerprint image input time <0.5 seconds

Window area 18.5 mm x 14.6 mm

Storage capacity 200 pieces

Security level Five (from low to high: 1,2,3,4,5) system default 3

FAR <0.001% (security level is 3)

Rejection rate (FRR) <1.0% (security level 3)

Search time <1.0 seconds (1: 500 average)

Resolution 500ppi
 Host computer interface UART (TTL logic level)

Communication baud rate (UART) (9600XN) bps Where N = 1 ~ 6 (default value N = 6, namely 57600bps)

Temperature -25 °C to +55 °C

Storage temperature -40 °C to +85 °C

Arduino Uno

Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller development board

based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along with
ATmega328P MCU IC, it consists other components such as
crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, etc.
to support the microcontroller.

Arduino UNO Pinout

Pin Category Pin Name Details

Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an external power
source.

5V: Regulated power supply used to power microcontroller

and other components on the board.

3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage regulator.

Maximum current draw is 50mA.

GND: ground pins.

Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.

Analog Pins A0 – A5 Used to provide analog input in the range of 0-5V

Input/Output Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.

Pins

Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.

External 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.

Interrupts

PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.

SPI 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 Used for SPI communication.

(MISO) and 13 (SCK)

Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.

 TWI A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA) Used for TWI communication.

AREF AREF To provide reference voltage for input voltage.

Arduino Uno Technical Specifications

Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller

Operating Voltage 5V

Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V

Input Voltage Limits 6-20V

Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)

Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)

DC Current on I/O Pins 40 mA

DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)

SRAM 2 KB
 EEPROM 1 KB

Frequency (Clock Speed) 16 MHz

RTC(Real Time Clock) module

DS3231 Precision RTC Module

The DS3231 precision RTC module is one of the most
commonly used RTC module which keeps track of the current
data and time. It is used in electronics projects for time
keeping, data logging, building clocks, timers etc. This module
runs on
 the DS3231S RTC chip and also contains the AT24C32
EEPRROM for accurate time keeping. It has a very accurate real
time clock which houses an integrated temperature
compensated crystal oscillator and crystal. Additionally, due to
the presence of the crystal resonator, the DS3231 module gives
more accurate time keeping results in the long run.

DS3231 RTC Module Pinout

The DS3231 is a low cost RTC module that communicates with the
microcontroller using I2C communication protocol. Let us look at the pinout of
the DS3231 precision RTC module.

33K This is the output pin which gives the compensated temperature as well as accurate reference clock.

This pin outputs a square wave at different frequencies of 1Hz, 4kHz, 8kHz, or 32kHz. It may also provide an interrupt
SQW
signal.

SCL This is the serial clock pin which is used in I2C communication.

SDA This is the serial data pin which is also used in I2C communication.

VCC This is the power supply pin of the module. Connect it with 3.3V or 5V

GND This is the ground pin used for providing common ground.
DS3231 RTC Schematic Diagram
The schematic of the module is provided to understand the connections which
may turn helpful while repairing the module:

DS3231 RTC Module Features and Specifications

 Operating Voltage: 2.3 – 5.5 Volts
 Operating Temperature: -45 – 800C
 Maximum Voltage: VCC+0.3 Volts
 Battery Backup Current: 500 mA
 Accuracy at -40 – 800C: ±3.5 ppm
 Accuracy at 0 – 400C: ± 2.0 ppm
 Temperature Accuracy: 30C
 Package-Type: 16, 300-mil SO package

16x2 LCD Module

 16x2 LCD modules are very commonly used in most embedded
projects, the reason being its cheap price, availability, programmer
friendly and available educational resources.

16x2 LCD Module Pinout

16x2 LCD Pinout Configuration

Pin Pin Name: Description
No:

1 Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground

2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)

3 VE (Contrast Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get maximum

V) contrast.

4 Register Connected to Microcontroller to shift between command/data register

Select

5 Read/Write Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write data to LCD

6 Enable Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between 1 and 0 for

data acknowledgement

7 Data Pin 0

Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be connected to

Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.

These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case Data pin 4,5,6
and 7 will be left free.

8 Data Pin 1
9 Data Pin 2

10 Data Pin 3

11 Data Pin 4

12 Data Pin 5

13 Data Pin 6

14 Data Pin 7

15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal

16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

HD44780 LCD Features and Technical

Specifications
 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V
 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can
display alphabets and numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
 It can also display any custom generated characters
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight
2D Model of 16×2 LCD module

Push Buttons Switch

Push Buttons are normally-open tactile switches. Push

buttons allow us to power the circuit or make any particular
connection only when we press the button. Simply, it makes the
circuit connected when pressed and breaks when released. A
push button is also used for triggering of the SCR by gate
terminal. These are the most common buttons which we see
in our daily life electronic equipment’s
Push button pinout/connections

Push Button Features

 Prevent flux rise by the insert-molded terminal
 Snap-in mount terminal
 Contact Bounce: MAX 5mS
 Crisp clicking by tactile feedback
 Dielectric Withstanding Voltage 250V AC for 1 minute
Technical Specifications
 Mode of Operation: Tactile feedback
 Power Rating: MAX 50mA 24V DC
 Insulation Resistance: 100Mohm at 100v
 Operating Force: 2.55±0.69 N
 Contact Resistance: MAX 100mOhm
 Operating Temperature Range: -20 to +70 ℃
 Storage Temperature Range: -20 to +70 ℃

Block Diagram
In this Fingerprint Sensor Based Biometric Attendance System using
Arduino, we used a Fingerprint Sensor module to authenticate a true
person or employee by taking their finger input in the system. Here we
are using 4 push buttons to register new fingerprint or delete stored
fingerprint or match stored fingerprint. The 4 push buttons are used as
an input unit for these tasks. Similarly, RTC Module DS3231 is used for
registering scanning/entering/existing time of the user.

The LCD displays the time record and every function happening via push
button. Buzzer indicates different functions and happening whenever an
interrupt is detected. The LED is used for power indication.

Circuit Diagram & Connections

Libraries required for RTC(Realtime clock) module and
fingerprint R307 module.
1. DS3231 Library – Download
2. Adafruit Fingerprint Sensor Library – Download

Code:
#include "Adafruit_Fingerprint.h" //fingerprint library header file
#include<EEPROM.h> //command for storing data
#include<LiquidCrystal.h> //lcd header file
LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,10,11,12,13);
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial fingerPrint(2, 3); //for tx/rx communication between arduino & r305
fingerprint sensor

#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h" //library file for DS3231 RTC Module
RTC_DS3231 rtc;

uint8_t id;
Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&fingerPrint);

#define register_back 14
#define delete_ok 15
#define forward 16
#define reverse 17
#define match 5
#define indFinger 7
#define buzzer 5

#define records 10 // 10 for 10 user

int user1,user2,user3,user4,user5,user6,user7,user8,user9,user10;

DateTime now;

void setup()
{
delay(1000);
lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(register_back, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(forward, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(reverse, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(delete_ok, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(match, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(indFinger, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please wait !");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Downloding Data");

Serial.println("Please wait");
Serial.println("Downloding Data..");
Serial.println();

Serial.print("S.No. ");
for(int i=0;i<records;i++)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
Serial.print(" User ID");
Serial.print(i+1);
Serial.print(" ");
}
Serial.println();
int eepIndex=0;
for(int i=0;i<30;i++)
{
if(i+1<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(i+1);
Serial.print(" ");
eepIndex=(i*7);
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+210;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+420;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+630;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+840;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1050;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1260;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1470;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1680;
download(eepIndex);
Serial.println();
}
}
if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Reseting.....");
for(int i=1000;i<1005;i++)
EEPROM.write(i,0);
for(int i=0;i<841;i++)
EEPROM.write(i, 0xff);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("System Reset");
delay(1000);
}

lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Fingerprint ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Attendance System");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();

digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
for(int i=1000;i<1000+records;i++)
{
if(EEPROM.read(i) == 0xff)
EEPROM.write(i,0);
}

finger.begin(57600);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Finding Module..");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
delay(2000);
if (finger.verifyPassword())
{
Serial.println("Found fingerprint sensor!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Module Found");
delay(2000);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Did not find fingerprint sensor :(");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Module Not Found");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Check Connections");
while (1);
}

if (! rtc.begin())
Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");

// DAT ), TIM )));

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F( E F( E
if (rtc.lostPower())
{
Serial.println("RTC is NOT running!");
// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
rtc.adjust(DateTime(2018, 6, 7, 11, 0, 0));
// This line sets the RTC with an explicit date & time, for example to set
// June 7, 2018 at 11am you would call:
// rtc.adjust(DateTime(2018, 6, 7, 11, 0, 0));
}
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Press Match to ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Start System");
delay(3000);

user1=EEPROM.read(1000);
user2=EEPROM.read(1001);
user3=EEPROM.read(1002);
user4=EEPROM.read(1003);
user5=EEPROM.read(1004);
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(indFinger, HIGH);

void loop()
{
now = rtc.now();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Time: ");
lcd.print(now.hour(), DEC);
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.minute(), DEC);
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.second(), DEC);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Date: ");
lcd.print(now.day(), DEC);
lcd.print('/');
lcd.print(now.month(), DEC);
lcd.print('/');
lcd.print(now.year(), DEC);
lcd.print(" ");
delay(500);
int result=getFingerprintIDez();
if(result>0)
{
digitalWrite(indFinger, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("ID:");
lcd.print(result);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Please Wait....");
delay(1000);
attendance(result);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Attendance ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Registered");
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(indFinger, HIGH);
return;
}
checkKeys();
delay(300);
}

// dmyyhms - 7 bytes
void attendance(int id)
{
int user=0,eepLoc=0;
if(id == 1)
{
eepLoc=0;
user=user1++;
}
else if(id == 2)
{
eepLoc=210;
user=user2++;
}
else if(id == 3)
{
eepLoc=420;
user=user3++;
}
else if(id == 4)
{
eepLoc=630;
user=user4++;
}
else if(id == 5)
{
eepLoc=0;
user=user5++;
}
else if(id == 6)
{
eepLoc=840;
user=user5++;
}
else if(id == 7)
{
eepLoc=1050;
user=user7++;
}
else if(id == 8)
{
eepLoc=1260;
user=user8++;
}
else if(id == 9)
{
eepLoc=1470;
user=user9++;
}
else if(id == 10)
{
eepLoc=1680;
user=user8++;
}
/*else if(id == 5) // fifth user
{
eepLoc=840;
user=user5+
+;
}*/
else
return;

int eepIndex=(user*7)+eepLoc;
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.hour());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.minute());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.second());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.day());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.month());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.year()>>8 );
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.year());

EEPROM.write(1000,user1);
EEPROM.write(1001,user2);
EEPROM.write(1002,user3);
EEPROM.write(1003,user4);
// EEPROM.write(4,user5); // figth user
}

void checkKeys()
{
if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait");
delay(1000);
while(digitalRead(register_back) == 0);
Enroll();
}

else if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait");
delay(1000);
delet();
}
}

void Enroll()
{
int count=1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Enter Finger ID:");

while(1)
{
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(count);
if(digitalRead(forward) == 0)
{
count++;
if(count>records)
count=1;
delay(500);
}

else if(digitalRead(reverse) == 0)
{
count--;
if(count<1)
count=records;
delay(500);
}
else if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
id=count;
getFingerprintEnroll();
for(int i=0;i<records;i++)
{
if(EEPROM.read(i) != 0xff)
{
EEPROM.write(i, id);
break;
}
}
return;
}

else if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
return;
}
}
}

void delet()
{
int count=1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Enter Finger ID");

while(1)
{
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(count);
if(digitalRead(forward) == 0)
{
count++;
if(count>records)
count=1;
delay(500);
}

else if(digitalRead(reverse) == 0)
{
count--;
if(count<1)
count=records;
delay(500);
}
else if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
id=count;
deleteFingerprint(id);
for(int i=0;i<records;i++)
{
if(EEPROM.read(i) == id)
{
EEPROM.write(i, 0xff);
break;
}
}
return;
}

else if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
return;
}
}
}

uint8_t getFingerprintEnroll()
{
int p = -
1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("finger ID:");
lcd.print(id);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Place Finger");
delay(2000);
while (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
{
p = finger.getImage();
switch (p)
{
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image taken");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Image taken");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
Serial.println("No Finger");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("No Finger Found");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Comm Error");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
Serial.println("Imaging error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Imaging Error");
break;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Unknown Error");
break;
}
}

// OK success!

p = finger.image2Tz(1);
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image converted");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Image converted");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
Serial.println("Image too messy");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Image too messy");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Comm Error");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Feature Not Found");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Feature Not Found");
return p;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Unknown Error");
return p;
}

Serial.println("Remove finger");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Remove Finger");
delay(2000);
p = 0;
while (p != FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER) {
p = finger.getImage();
}
Serial.print("ID "); Serial.println(id);
p = -1;
Serial.println("Place same finger again");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Place Finger");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Again");
while (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) {
p = finger.getImage();
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image taken");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
Serial.print(".");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
Serial.println("Imaging error");
break;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return;
}
}

// OK success!

p = finger.image2Tz(2);
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image converted");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
Serial.println("Image too messy");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
return p;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}

// OK converted!
Serial.print("Creating model for #"); Serial.println(id);

p = finger.createModel();
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
Serial.println("Prints matched!");
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) {
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_ENROLLMISMATCH) {
Serial.println("Fingerprints did not match");
return p;
} else {
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}

Serial.print("ID "); Serial.println(id);

p = finger.storeModel(id);
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
Serial.println("Stored!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Finger Stored!");
delay(2000);
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) {
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_BADLOCATION) {
Serial.println("Could not store in that location");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_FLASHERR) {
Serial.println("Error writing to flash");
return p;
}
else {
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}
}

int getFingerprintIDez()
{
uint8_t p = finger.getImage();

if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
return -1;

p = finger.image2Tz();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
return -1;

p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Finger Not Found");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Try Later");
delay(2000);
return -1;
}
// found a match!
Serial.print("Found ID #");
Serial.print(finger.fingerID);
return finger.fingerID;
}

uint8_t deleteFingerprint(uint8_t id)

{
uint8_t p = -1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please wait");
p = finger.deleteModel(id);
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK)
{
Serial.println("Deleted!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Finger Deleted");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Successfully");
delay(1000);
}

else
{
Serial.print("Something Wrong");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Something Wrong");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Try Again Later");
delay(2000);
return p;
}
}

void download(int eepIndex)

{
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex) != 0xff)
{
Serial.print("T->");
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print(':');
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print(':');
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print(" D->");
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print('/');
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print('/');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++)<<8 | EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
}
else
{
Serial.print("--------------------------");
}

Serial.print(" ");
}

Working Explanation:
The working of the Fingerprint Sensor Based Biometric Attendance
System. In this project, we have used a DS3231 RTC Module for time &
date display. We used 1 LED for power indication, and 1 buzzer for
different function indications. We have interfaced 16*2 LCD which
displays everything whenever the finger is placed or removed, or
registering attendance or downloading data.

We have used 4 push buttons which are used to control the entire
system. The functions of each button are:
1. Register/Back Button – Used for enrolling new fingerprints as well as
reversing the back process or going back
2. Delete/OK Button – This Button is used for deleting the earlier stored
fingerprint system as well as granting access as an OK selection.
3. Forward Button – Used for moving forward while selecting the
memory location for storing or deleting fingerprints.
4. Reverse Button – Used for moving backward while selecting memory
location for storing or deleting fingerprints.

Enrolling new fingerprint:

To enroll New Fingerprint Click on the Enroll button. Then select the
memory location where you want to store your fingerprint using the
UP/DOWN button. Then click on OK. Put your finger and remove your
finger as the LCD instructs. Put your finger again. So finally your
fingerprint gets stored.

Deleting stored fingerprint:

To delete the fingerprint which is already clicked on DEL Button. Then
select the memory location where your fingerprint was stored earlier
using the UP/DOWN button. Then click on OK. So finally your fingerprint
is deleted.

Downloading data:
Simply click on Register/Back Button and reset the button together. At
this movement, the serial monitor should be opened.

References:
Santoso, Banu, and Marti Widya Sari. "Design of student attendance system
using Internet of Things (IoT) technology." In Journal of Physics:
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Shrivastava, Anurag, S. J. Suji Prasad, Ajay Reddy Yeruva, P. Mani, Pooja

Nagpal, and Abhay Chaturvedi. "IoT Based RFID Attendance
Monitoring System of Students using Arduino ESP8266 & Adafruit. io on
Defined Area." Cybernetics and Systems (2023): 1-12.

Shrivastava, Anurag, S. J. Suji Prasad, Ajay Reddy Yeruva, P. Mani, Pooja

Nagpal, and Abhay Chaturvedi. "IoT Based RFID Attendance
Monitoring System of Students using Arduino ESP8266 & Adafruit. io on
Defined Area." Cybernetics and Systems (2023): 1-12.
Zainal, N.I., Sidek, K.A., Gunawan, T.S., Manser, H. and Kartiwi, M., 2014,
November. Design and development of portable classroom
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international conference on information and communication technology
for the muslim world (ICT4M) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Koppikar, Unnati, Shobha Hiremath, Akshata Shiralkar, Akshata Rajoor, and

Vishwanath P. Baligar. "IoT based smart attendance monitoring system using
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Abdulkadhim, Ekhlas Ghaleb. "Design and develop an attendance system

based on fingerprint and arduino board." In Journal of Physics:
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Ghosh, Swarnendu, Shafi KP Mohammed, Neeraj Mogal, Prabhu Kalyan

Nayak, and Biswajeet Champaty. "Smart attendance system." In 2018
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