Unit 5.

Internet
5.1 Connecting to Internet (Basic)
5.2 Web browser (bookmarking, browse history, basic settings of browser)
5.3 Email services (open new account, send/receive email message, various
features of email service)
5.4 Browsing website
5.5 Using search services
5.6 Using social media
Connecting to internet
1. Wi-Fi Connection(For Laptop):
If you have a Wi-Fi network available:
Click on the Wi-Fi icon in the system tray (bottom-right corner of the screen).
A list of available Wi-Fi networks will appear. Click on the network you want to connect
to.
If the network is secured, enter the security key or password.
Click "Connect."
2. Ethernet Connection(for Desktop and Laptop):
If you're using a wired connection with an Ethernet cable:
Plug in the Ethernet cable to your computer and the router or modem.
Windows 10 should automatically detect the connection and establish it.
Network Settings
Go to Settings.
Click on Network and internet option available in the left side of the screen.
You can have Options such as : Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Airplane mode, and Advance
network settings.
You can connect to Wi-Fi in laptops from Wi-Fi option.
You have ethernet settings and Ethernet information's inside ethernet option.
You have some network setting option inside “Advance network setting” option.
You can have “Network Reset” option inside “Advance network setting”
Web browser (bookmarking, browse history,
basic settings of browser)
A web browser is a software application that allows you to access and
view websites on the internet.
Examples of popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, and Apple Safari.
A web browser is a software application designed for accessing and
navigating information on the World Wide Web. It acts as an interface
between users and the vast resources available on the internet.
A web browser is a software application that enables users to access, view,
and interact with content on the World Wide Web. Its primary purpose is
to retrieve information from web servers and present it to users in a
readable format.
Web browsers feature a graphical user interface that includes elements
like address bars, navigation buttons (back, forward, reload), bookmarks,
and tabs. The GUI facilitates user-friendly interaction with the internet.
The rendering engine is a core component of a web browser responsible
for interpreting and displaying web content. Popular rendering engines
include Blink (used by Chrome), Gecko (used by Firefox), and WebKit (used
by Safari).
Web browsers implement security measures to protect users from
malicious content and activities. This includes features like HTTPS support,
pop-up blockers, and protection against phishing attacks. Privacy features
often include options to clear browsing history, cookies, and other tracking
data.
Most web browsers are designed to run on multiple operating systems,
ensuring compatibility with various devices such as computers, tablets,
and smartphones.
Some of the popular web browsers, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Brave, Opera etc.
Key Features of Web Browsers
Tabbed Browsing: Web browsers allow users to open multiple webpages
in separate tabs within the same window, improving organization and
multitasking.
Bookmarks: Users can save and organize URLs as bookmarks for quick
access to frequently visited websites.
History: Browsers maintain a history of visited webpages, enabling users to
revisit previously viewed content.
Extensions and Add-ons: Users can enhance browser functionality by
installing extensions or add-ons that provide additional features and
customization.
Bookmarking in browser
Bookmarking in a web browser is like saving a favorite page so that you can
easily find it again later.
Imagine you're reading a really interesting website, and you want to be able to
come back to it without having to remember the web address or search for it
again.
Instead of relying on your memory or typing in the address every time, you can
use a bookmark.
A bookmark is a saved link to a specific webpage that you find interesting or
want to revisit later.
It's a convenient way to keep track of your favorite sites without having to
remember or type in the web address every time.
How to Bookmark a Page in Microsoft Edge:
1. Launch the Microsoft Edge browser on your computer.
2. Go to the webpage that you want to bookmark.
3. At the right end of the address bar, you'll find a star icon. Click on it.
This opens the "Add to favorites" menu.
4. You can choose a specific folder to save the bookmark. If you don't
choose a folder, it will be saved in the default "Favorites" folder.
5. You can edit the name of the bookmark if you want. By default, it
takes the name of the webpage.
6. Click the "Add" button to save the bookmark.
How to Find Bookmarks in Microsoft Edge:
1. Click on the three horizontal lines (ellipsis) in the top-right corner of
the browser to open the menu.
2. Select "Favorites" from the menu. This opens the Favorites Hub.
3. In the Favorites Hub, you'll see your bookmarks organized in folders.
Click on a folder to see its contents.
4. Click on a bookmark to open that webpage.
Additional Tips:
Organize Bookmarks:
You can organize your bookmarks into folders for better management.
Right-click on a bookmark to edit or move it.
Import and Export Bookmarks:
You can import bookmarks from another browser or export your
bookmarks for backup. This can usually be done in the browser settings.
Bookmark Bar (Optional):
You can also display a bookmarks bar right under the address bar for
quick access to your favorite sites.
Browse History in Web-browsers
Method 1: Using the Keyboard Shortcut
1. Launch the Microsoft Edge browser on your computer.
2. Press Ctrl + H (Windows/Linux) or Cmd + H (Mac)
This keyboard shortcut opens the History tab directly.
Method 2: Using the Menu
1. Launch the browser on your computer.
2. In the top-right corner of the browser, you'll see three horizontal
lines. Click on it to open the menu.
3. In the menu, select "History." This opens the History tab.
Viewing Browsing History:
Once you're in the History tab, you'll see a list of your recently visited
websites organized by date.
You can click on a specific date to expand and see the individual webpages
visited on that day.
Clicking on a webpage entry will open that page in the current tab.

Clearing History:
If you want to clear your browsing history, you can do so from the History
tab.
Click on "Clear history" on the left sidebar and choose the types of data
you want to delete.
Basic Settings of Browsers
Homepage:
The homepage is the website that opens when you start your browser. You can set it to
your preferred website or a custom page. To change the homepage, go to browser
settings and look for the option related to the homepage.
Search Engine:
Browsers often have a default search engine for web searches. You can customize this
to use your preferred search engine. Look for search engine settings in your browser
and choose from the available options.
Default Download Location:
Browsers allow you to set a default folder where downloaded files are saved. You can
specify a location on your computer for easy access. Check the browser settings or
preferences to configure the default download location.
Clear Browsing Data:
Browsers store data like cookies, cached images, and browsing history. You can choose
to clear this data periodically. Look for the "Clear browsing data" or "Privacy" settings to
manage your browsing data.
 Basic Settings of Browsers
Cookies and Site Data:
You can control how browsers handle cookies and site data. Options include accepting all
cookies, blocking them, or allowing them only for certain sites. Adjust these settings in the
privacy or security section of your browser settings.
Password Management:
Browsers often offer a password manager to save and autofill login credentials. You can
manage your saved passwords, enable or disable autofill, and set a master password for
added security.
Tabs and Windows:
Customize how new tabs and windows behave. You can set whether a new tab opens with
your homepage, a blank page, or a specific set of pages. Adjust these settings in the tabs or
general settings section.
Default Zoom Level:
You can set the default zoom level for webpages to make text and images appear larger or
smaller. Look for zoom settings in your browser preferences.
 Basic Settings of Browsers
Extensions/Add-ons:
Browsers support extensions or add-ons that enhance functionality. Manage your installed
extensions, enable or disable them, and configure their settings in the extensions or add-ons
section.
Language Preferences:
You can set your preferred language for web content. Browsers will attempt to display websites
in the selected language when available. Adjust language settings in your browser preferences.
Notifications:
Browsers allow websites to send notifications. You can control which websites are allowed to
show notifications and customize notification settings in the browser's site settings or
preferences.
Appearance:
Customize the appearance of your browser, including themes, font size, and toolbar visibility.
These options are typically found in the appearance or themes section of the settings.
Email services
Email, short for electronic mail, is a method of exchanging digital
messages over the Internet.
It is a widely used communication tool for sending and receiving
messages, documents, images, and other types of data between
individuals and organizations.
The sender and recipient do not need to be online at the same time for
using email.
 Steps to Open an Email Account:
1. Select an email service provider. Common providers include Gmail, Yahoo Mail,
Outlook, and others. Visit the website of the chosen provider.
2. Look for a "Sign Up" or "Create Account" option on the provider's homepage. Click
on it to go to the account creation page.
3. On the registration page, you will be asked to provide information such as:
1. Full Name: Your first and last name.
2. Username: A unique identifier for your email address. This is the part before the "@"
symbol.
3. Password: Choose a secure password. It's recommended to use a combination of letters,
numbers, and symbols.
4. Phone Number: Some providers may ask for a phone number for security and account
recovery purposes.
5. Recovery Email (optional): Some providers allow you to add a recovery email address.
Steps to Open an Email Account:
4. Your email address is typically your chosen username followed by the
domain of the email service provider (e.g., username@gmail.com).
Check the availability of your preferred username, and if it's already
taken, you may need to choose a different one.
5. Some providers may ask for additional verification steps, such as a
phone number verification via a code sent to your mobile device.
6. Carefully read the terms of service and privacy policy of the email
provider. Accept the terms to proceed.
7. Click on the "Create Account" or "Sign Up" button to complete the
account creation process.
 Sending emails
1. Log In:
1. Open your web browser and go to the website of your email service provider (e.g., Gmail, Yahoo
Mail, Outlook).
2. Log in to your email account using your username and password.
2. Access the Compose/New Message Feature:
1. Look for a "Compose" or "New Message" button. This is usually prominently displayed, often at
the top or in a sidebar.
3. Compose the Email:
1. In the new message window, enter the recipient's email address in the "To" field.
2. Add a subject to your email in the "Subject" field.
3. Write your message in the main body of the email.
4. Attach Files (Optional):
1. If you want to include attachments (documents, images, etc.), use the attachment button (usually
represented by a paperclip icon) to attach files.
5. Send the Email:
1. Once you've composed your email, click the "Send" button to send it.
Receiving Emails:
Log In:
Open your web browser and go to your email service provider's website.
Log in to your email account.
Access Inbox:
Click on the "Inbox" or "Mail" tab to access your incoming emails.
Read Emails:
Click on an email to read its contents. You can reply, forward, or perform other
actions depending on the options available.
 Some features of email
Compose and Send:
The fundamental feature allows users to compose and send emails. Users can enter recipients'
email addresses, add a subject, and write the message.
Receive and Read:
Users can receive emails in their inbox and read the contents. Emails are typically organized by
date and sender for easy access.
Attachments:
The ability to attach files to emails, such as documents, images, or videos, facilitating the
sharing of information.
Folders and Labels:
Organize emails using folders or labels to categorize and manage messages effectively. This
feature helps users keep their inbox organized.
Search Functionality:
A search bar allows users to quickly find specific emails or content within their mailbox, saving
time and effort.
Contact Management:
A contact list or address book allows users to store and manage email addresses, making it
easier to send emails to frequent contacts.
Filters and Rules:
Users can set up filters and rules to automatically sort incoming emails into folders based
on criteria like sender, subject, or keywords.
Reply and Forward:
Users can reply to emails to respond to the sender and forward emails to share them with
others.
Drafts:
Save unfinished emails as drafts to work on them later. This is helpful when composing
lengthy emails that may take time to complete.
Signature:
Users can create an email signature that is automatically added to the end of their emails.
This often includes a name, job title, and contact information.
Out-of-Office (Vacation) Reply:
Users can set up an automatic reply to let senders know that they are
currently out of the office or on vacation.
Spam and Junk Filtering:
Automatic filtering of spam or junk emails to keep unwanted or malicious
content out of the inbox.
Archiving:
Archiving allows users to store important emails separately from the inbox,
keeping the main inbox clutter-free.
Conversation View:
Grouping related emails into a single thread or conversation view, making it
easier to follow the flow of a discussion.
Browsing websites
Browsing websites involves using a web browser to navigate and view content on
the World Wide Web. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to browse websites:
1. Open a Web Browser:
Launch a web browser on your device. Common web browsers include Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, and Opera.
2. Enter a Website Address (URL):
In the address bar at the top of the browser, type the website's address (URL) you
want to visit. For example, "https://www.example.com" or simply "example.com."
3. Press Enter or Click on "Go":
After entering the URL, press the Enter key on your keyboard or click on the "Go" or
"Search" button in the browser. The browser will then connect to the web server
hosting the requested website.
 Browsing websites
4. Navigate Within a Website:
Once on a website, you can navigate by clicking on links, buttons, or menu items. Links
often appear as highlighted or underlined text, and they can lead to other pages,
sections, or external websites.
5. Use Bookmarks/Favorites:
If you find a website you want to revisit, you can bookmark or favorite it. This allows
you to create a shortcut for quick access in the future.
6. Perform Searches:
Use a search engine (e.g., Google, Bing) by entering keywords into the search bar. Click
on the search results to visit relevant websites.
7. Back and Forward:
Navigate backward and forward through your browsing history using the "Back" and
"Forward" buttons in the browser. This allows you to revisit previously viewed pages.
 Browsing websites
8. Refresh or Reload:
If a webpage is not loading correctly or if you want to see the latest content,
use the "Refresh" or "Reload" button in the browser.
9. Open Multiple Tabs:
Modern browsers support multiple tabs. You can open new tabs to browse
different websites simultaneously. Click on the "+" symbol or use keyboard
shortcuts (Ctrl+T or Cmd+T) to open a new tab.
10. View Page Source:
To see the underlying code of a webpage, right-click on the page and select
"View Page Source." This is useful for developers or users interested in the
technical aspects of a website.
 Using Search services
It refers to the practice of utilizing search engines to find information, websites, or
resources on the World Wide Web. Search services play a fundamental role in helping
users navigate the vast amount of content available online.
Accessing the Browser: Users open their internet browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox,
Safari, Edge) on their computer, smartphone, or other devices.
Search Bar or Omnibox: Browsers typically have a dedicated search bar or omnibox
(combined address and search bar) located at the top of the browser window. Users
can enter search queries directly into this bar.
Entering Search Queries: Users type keywords or phrases related to the information
they are looking for directly into the search bar or omnibox. The browser's search
functionality is often powered by a default search engine (e.g., Google, Bing, Yahoo).
Autocomplete and Suggestions: As users type, the browser may provide
autocomplete suggestions based on popular search queries or the user's search
history. This can help users complete their searches more quickly and accurately.
 Using Search services
Initiating the Search:
Users can press "Enter" or click on the search icon within the search bar to initiate the
search.
Search Engine Results Page (SERP):
The browser communicates with the default search engine, and the search engine
returns a Search Engine Results Page (SERP) containing a list of links to websites,
documents, images, and other content relevant to the search query.
Previewing Results:
Users can preview the search results directly on the SERP, which often includes brief
snippets of information from the linked pages.
Clicking on Results:
To view more details or access a specific website, users click on the search result links.
Clicking on a link takes them to the associated web page.
 Using Social Media
• Social media refers to a variety of technologies that facilitate the sharing of ideas and
information among their users.
• Social media refers to online platforms and websites that allow users to create, share, and
exchange content with others.
• These platforms enable people to connect, communicate, and interact with each other in a
virtual space.
• Social media has become an important part of modern communication and has a significant
impact on various aspects of society, including personal relationships, business, politics, and
entertainment.
• From Facebook and Instagram to Twitter and YouTube, more than 4.7 billion people use social
media, equal to roughly 60% of the world's population.
• Social media is also an increasingly important part of many companies' marketing campaigns.
• The largest social media platforms worldwide are Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram,
and WeChat.
 Features of Social media
• User Profiles: Users create personal profiles that often include information
such as their name, photos, interests, and other details. This profile serves as
their identity on the platform.
• Content Sharing: Users can share a variety of content, including text,
photos, videos, and links. This content can be posted on the user's profile or
shared with a specific audience.
• Connectivity: Social media platforms facilitate connections between users.
Users can follow, friend, or connect with others to see their updates and
engage in conversations.
• Real-Time Interaction: Many social media platforms offer real-time
interaction through features like comments, likes, shares, and direct messaging.
This allows for immediate communication and feedback.
 Features of Social media
• News and Updates: Social media is often used to share news, updates, and
information on various topics. It has become a popular source of news for many
users.
• Business and Marketing: Social media is widely used by businesses for
marketing, advertising, and customer engagement. It provides a platform for
companies to reach a global audience and connect with their customers.
• Entertainment: Social media platforms host a wide range of entertainment
content, including videos, memes, and live streaming. Users can also follow their
favourite celebrities and influencers for updates.
• Privacy and Security: Concerns about privacy and security have become
significant issues in the realm of social media. Users often share personal
information, and there are ongoing debates about data protection and online safety.
 Using Social Media
Using social media refers to the active engagement and participation of individuals or entities on social
media platforms.
This involvement can take various forms, and it typically involves creating an account on a social media
platform and interacting with the platform's features and other users.
Here are some common activities associated with using social media:
1. Creating a Profile: Users typically start by creating a personal or business profile on a social media
platform. This involves setting up an account with a username, profile picture, and other relevant
information.
2. Posting Content: Users share content on their profiles, such as text updates, photos, videos, links, and
more. The type of content shared depends on the user's preferences and the platform's features.
3. Engaging with Others: Social media is inherently social, and users often interact with each other by liking,
commenting on, or sharing each other's posts. This interaction helps build connections and relationships.
4. Following/Friending: Users can connect with others on social media by following, friending, or subscribing
to their profiles. This allows them to see updates from those they follow and vice versa.
5. Exploring Feeds: Social media platforms typically have feeds or timelines where users can see a curated
stream of content from the accounts they follow. Users can scroll through these feeds to stay updated on the
latest posts.
Using Social Media
• 6. Direct Messaging: Many social media platforms offer private messaging features, allowing
users to communicate directly with each other. This can be one-on-one or in group chats.
• 7. Participating in Groups or Communities: Some platforms have features that allow users to join
groups or communities centered around specific interests, topics, or activities. This enables more
focused discussions and interactions.
• 8. Liking and Sharing: Users can express their appreciation for content by liking or sharing it. This
helps in increasing the visibility of content and can contribute to its spread across the platform.
• 9. Discovering Trends: Social media often highlights trending topics or hashtags. Users can
participate in these trends by using relevant hashtags, creating related content, or engaging in
discussions around the trends.
• 10. Personal Branding and Networking: For individuals and professionals, social media can be a
tool for personal branding and networking. It allows them to showcase their skills, connect with
peers, and even explore job opportunities.
Benefits of Using Social Media
• Staying in Touch: Social media helps you talk to friends and family, even if they're
far away.
• Learning New Stuff: Social media has news and interesting things to learn.
• Helping Businesses: Companies use social media to tell people about their
products, and you can learn about new stuff.
• Making Work Connections: Adults can find jobs and meet other people in their
field.
• Being Creative: You can post pictures, videos, and things you make to show
others.
• Finding Friends: You can join groups of people who like the same things as you.
Disadvantages of Using Social Media
• Privacy risks: Social media sites use your information to show you ads, and
some people worry about that.
• Feeling Bad About Yourself/Psychological effects: Seeing perfect pictures can
make you feel like you're not as good as others.
• Fake news: You might see things that aren't true or only hear one side of a
story.
• Wasting Time: Spending too much time on social media can make you forget to
do other important things.
• Cyberbullying: Sometimes people say mean things or pick on others online,
and it can be hurtful.