PATH-FIT 4

HANDOUTS FOR PRELIM EXAMINATION

Basketball is a popular team sport that originated in the United States in the late 19 th century. It was
invented by Dr. James Naismith in Dedcember 1891 in Springfield, Massacesetts. Naismith, a physical
education instructor, created the game as a way to keep his students active indoors during winter months.
The first game of basketball was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as goals.

The sport quickly gained popularity and spread t other parts of the world. Tha National Baketball
Association (NBA), founded in 1946, is now the premier professional basketball league globally. Featuring
teams from the United States and Canada.

Rules and Regulations

Number of Players: each team has five players on the court at a time, including on guard, two forwards,
and two centers.

Game Duration: a standard basketball game consists of four quarters, each lasting 12 minutes. The game
clock stops during certain situations like timeouts, fouls, and free throws.

Start of the Game: the game begins with a jump ball, where two players from each team stand in the center
court and one official tosses the ball up between them. The team that wins the tip-off gains gains possession.

Scoring: Points are scored by shooting the ball through the opponent’s basket. A successful field goal (shot
from within the three-point line) earns two points, while successful field goal outside the three-point line
earns three points. Free throws are awarded for fouls and are worth one/two/three points depending on the
violation and refree’s call.

Fouls: a player commits a foul when they make illegal contat with an opponent, such as pushing, holding, or
striking. A player who commits six fouls will be disqualified from the game.

Free throws: After a foul is committed, the playwe who was fouled attempts a free throw if ther were
shooting when the foul occurred or if it was a shooting foul (contact made while the shooter has a clear path
to the basket).

Three-Second Violation: players cannot remain in the paint (inside the free throw line) for more than three
seconds withuot dribbling or passing the ball.

24-Second Shot Clock: A team must shoot the ball within 24 seconds of gaining possession. If they fail to
do so, it results in a turnover and the opposing team gets the ball.

Out of Bounds (outside the boudary line): when a player throws the ball outside the court or steps outside
the court, the opposing team gets the possession.
Jump ball: a jump ball is used to start the game, after a tie in score, or to resume play after a dead ball
situation.

Officials: games are officiated by three referees who enforced the rules and make calls on fouls, violations,
and out-of-bounds situations.

Overtime: if the game is tied at the end of regulation, a five-minute overtime period or extension given to
determine the winner. If the game remains tied after the overtime, successivve one-minute periods are
played until winner is determined.
Mercy Rule: in high school and lower- level games, a mercy rule is sometimes implemented when one team
has a significant lead. This rule shorterns the game duration and may result in a forfeit for the losing team.

Professional Leagues: the National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most popular professional
basketball league in the world, featuring top players from around the globe.

BASIC VIOLATIONS IN BASKETBALL

Pushing Foul: Shoving or pushing another player holding the ball with any part of your body.
Blocking Foul: Preventing an offensive player from approaching the basket.
Charging Offense: if the defensive offense is in a legal guarding position and the offensive player
knocks them off of their spot, a charging foul is called. This is also called a player-control foul.
Traveling Violation: Taking more than one step without dribbling the ball.
Dribbling Violation: Carrying the ball while dribbling, or dribbling the ball before picking it up and
dribbling again.
Defensive Three-Seconds: A defensive player staying in the lane for longer than three seconds
without guarding anyone.
Eight-Second Violation (Backcourt Violation): The offense fails to cross half-court eight seconds
after inbounding the ball.

BASIC BASKETKETBALL HAND SIGNALS

BASKETBALL EQUIPMENT
 BASIC BASKETBALL SKILLS
In the sport basketball, there are a lot of basic skills and techniques that you need to learn if you are
first starting to play the game. These fundamentals take time to learn, but once you have them down,
basketball is a lot more fun to play.

Why Is It Essential To Learn the Fundamentals?

Basketball fundamentals give players a foundational understanding of the game and
build confidence and muscle memory that they can draw from on the court. By
understanding fundamentals and practicing them regularly through basketball drills,
players improve both their basketball skill levels and the ease with which they apply
these skills. Basketball fundamentals also open up more opportunities for playing
time; a player can do well in any position on a basketball team if they understand the
fundamentals of the game.

List of Fundamental Skills

There are several fundamental skills every basketball player, from young players to professionals, should
know. They include:
. 1. Footwork: All fundamental skills require an understanding of footwork, which is more than just
the ability to run at full speed on the court. Footwork skills include how to backpedal while boxing
out an opponent, foot placement and weight distribution for a defensive slide, and the right setup to
make a jab step to an opponent when in a triple-threat position (a stance with the option to shoot,
pass, or dribble).
. 2. Dribbling: Every position on a basketball team, from centers to point guards, needs to understand
ball handling in order to be effective offensive players. Regular dribbling drills will teach them basic
dribble moves: how to dribble with their head up, crossover, use their left hand and right hand with
equal dexterity, or pass a ball from one hand to the other. Once players understand dribbling, they
can use those skills to control the ball, especially during tricky strategic moves like the pick and roll.
. 3. Shooting: Learning to shoot is also an important fundamental skill. Scoring a field goal by
shooting a basket helps to win games, but without the right shooting technique, players have no
control over their shots. Through shooting drills, players learn hand placement, proper stance, and
long-distance shooting from half-court or the free throw line.
. 4. Passing: Passing is more than throwing a ball to a teammate. It requires decision-making skills, a
keen understanding of the many kinds of passes, and the spacing required to make an effective pass.
Passing drills teach the fundamentals of partner passing, from chest passes to bounce passes.
. 5. Rebounding: Rebounding drills teach the two types of rebounding: offensive rebounding, in
which an offense player grabs a missed field goal attempt by their own team, and defensive
rebounding, in which a defensive player grabs a missed field goal by an offensive player. Players
need to know how to use their bodies to box out an opponent and prevent rebounds, as well as the
ability to grab a rebound and run to the other end of the court in a fast break.
. 6. Defense: Players must understand how to defend against an opponent in a one-on-one situation,
or man-to-man defense. Defensive drills teach the proper defensive stance, and how to defend
in half-court and full-court games, as well as how to defend in perimeter situations along the
sidelines and in close quarters with post players (those near the baseline). More advanced drills teach
zone defense, in which players cover a specific area of the court.
. 7. Jumping: Jumping fundamentals include the skills to carry out any number of jump shots,
including layups, slam dunks, and three-pointers. They also include the proper technique to step and
land on both feet for a jump stop and help players decide when to use two feet or a left-foot-right-
foot step for a jump shot.
 GOVERNING BODIES OF BASKETBALL

FIBA, the International Basketball Federation, comes from its french name, federation Internationale de
Basketball Association is the world governing body for basketball. It’s the organnization that gverns
international basketball across the world. It was founded in 1932 and brings together 212 National
Basketball Federations from all over the world.
FIBA is recognized as the sole competent authority in basketball by the International Olympic Committee
(IOC). Responsible for dictating the trend of basketball worldwide, deciding rules, organizing competitions,
and popularizing the game.

Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (SBP), the duly recognized governing body for basketball in the
Philippines, was approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on September 21, 2006 and
was ratified on the 5th of February 2007 by what is popularly known as the Unity Congress. Convened for
this purpose by the major stakeholders of Philippine Basketball, the Unity Congress was witnessed by and
approved its provisions by no less than Federacion Internationale Basketball Association (FIBA) Secretary-
General Parick Baumann. Philippine Basketball was thereafter reinstated as a member of FIBA with full
rights to participate in international basketball after more than two years of suspension.

Philippine Basketball Association (PBA)

The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) is a men's professional basketball league in
the Philippines composed of twelve company-branded franchised teams. Founded in 1975, it is the first
professional basketball league in Asia and is the second-oldest continuously operating professional
basketball league in the world after North America's NBA.
University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP)
The University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), established in 1938, is an athletic
association of eight Metro Manila universities in the Philippines. The eight-member schools are Adamson
University, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University (DLSU), Far Eastern
University (FEU), National University (NU), University of the East (UE), University of the Philippines
Diliman (UP), and the University of Santo Tomas (UST).
Varsity teams from these universities compete annually in the league's 19 sports categories to vie for
the overall championship title, namely, 3x3 basketball, athletics, badminton, baseball, basketball, beach
volleyball, cheerdance, chess, fencing, football, formation dance, judo, softball, street dance, swimming,
table tennis, taekwondo kyorugi & poomsae, tennis, and volleyball.

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is an athletic association of ten private colleges and
universities in Metro Manila, Philippines. Established in 1924, it is the oldest collegiate athletic association
in the country.[2] The Philippine NCAA is not affiliated with the NCAA of the United States.
Its current members are Arellano University, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, De La Salle–College of Saint
Benilde, Emilio Aguinaldo College, José Rizal University, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Mapúa
University, San Beda University, San Sebastian College – Recoletos, and the University of Perpetual Help
System DALTA.