STRUCTURES TO INTRODUCE

CAUSES – EFFECTS
 Cause: Tourism is managed well => well-managed tourism
 Effect: It benefits both tourists and locals
VERBS
Well-managed tourism brings about/ lead to/ results in the development of both
tourists and locals.
Tourism is managed well, which leads to benefit both tourists and local results from
well-managed tourism
LINKING WORDS
Tourism is managed well. As a result, it can benefit …
COMPLEX SENTENCE
 Because/as/since tourism is managed well, it benefits both tourists and locals.
 Tourism is managed well, which can benefit (leads to the benefit of) both tourists
and locals
 If tourism is managed well + possible factor, it can benefit both tourists and
locals + effects.
VERBS ABOUT CAUSES – EFFECTS
Cause: eating too much fast food
Effect: obesity
 Secondly, obesity can be derived from/ result from eating too much fast food.
 Obesity can lend itself to eating too much fast food.
 Eating too much fast food can put children (sb) at risk of obesity.
 Eating too much fast food makes children (sb) more vulnerable to obesity.
TOPIC SENTENCE
Causes: X can be derived from the following factors.
Effects: X can lead to/ result in a number of impacts.
 STRUCTURES TO
INTRODUCE A SOLUTION
Useful structure Examples
1-Use modal verbs Childhood obesity
Parents should/could/can/may/might
encourage children to spend more time
outdoor
2-Different structures  One possible suggestion is for
One = another parents to encourage children to
Suggestion = solution – idea – way spend more time outdoors.
Possible = feasible – practical  One possible suggestion is that
(S+V+O) parents can encourage
children to…
3-If  If parents encourage children to
If + solution, the issue/problem will be spend more time outdoor, this issue
improved/solved will be solved
Government must/should
- Raise public awareness on an issue.
- Put more investment in sth
- Introduce a law to control/prohibit in sth
- Impose a heavier fine/punishment on law breakers/offenders.
- Must be imprisoned for a 5 year/be sentenced to prison for…years.
- Do community service
Examples: Government should
- Childhood obesity:
 Solution 1: more people know about the health risks of fast food.
 If the government raises more public awareness on the health risks of fast food,
this issue can be tackled.
 Solution 2: more sport facilities
 Another possible solution is that the government should put more investment in
sport facilities.
 DEVELOP THE IDEAS
ABOUT SOLUTIONS

Suggest a solution: obesity Suggest a solution: traffic jam.

I think the most obvious solution is to One possible suggestion is for the
encourage children to excercise more. government to encourage more use of
2-Discuss the positive result: public transport.
When children spend more time on a wide 2-Given example of how it can be done
range of physical activities, they are more For example, the government can put
likely to burn unnecessary calories. more investment to improve the quality
3-Give example how a solution can be of buses and other mass transit.
done Besides, the government should reduce
For example, parents can motivate the fare of public transport so that it
children to participate in a sport club at will become more affordable for students
school. and low-income passengers/commuters.

Topic: Air pollution is a serious issue in most big cities. Write an essay to discuss its
causes and suggest solutions (individuals/ government)
Causes
- Unsustainable development: Many factories release toxic gases, which contribute
to exacerbate air pollution.
- Deforestation: a large number of forests have been cut down for agriculture and
manufacturing purposes. Trees purify the air.
 Air pollution.
- The overuse of private vehicle in densely populated cities
 Lead to the emission of exhaust fume into the air.
Solutions: Air pollution can be tackled by the cooperation between….and…. (topic
sentence)
- Individual: priority public transport for short and long-distance commute.
Alternatively, use more eco-friendly transport.
Topic: Electric waste has become a social issue. Write an essay to discuss solutions
to reduce e-waste.
- Reuse electric products.
 Try to resist the temptation of purchasing new electric items regularly.
- Focus more on the quality of electric products when we buy them.
 Reduce the need to purchase new e-products.
- The government puts more investment into the building of factories to properly
handle old e-products. (landfill)

WRITING TASK 1
Situation 1: You have received an email from a magazine about “HEALTH &
FITNESS.”
“Dear beloved customers, we are doing a survey on the most popular hobby or sport.
It would be great if you could give us some information. What is your favorite sport
or hobby? Why do you like it? What equipment do you need to play it? What is the
cost of the equipment? Do you have any difficulties in playing/doing it?”
Ideas and vocabulary
Dear Ms./Mr. Manager of the Magazine
Why do I like it (2 reason)
I love it because.
 The reason why I fall in love with this amazing/interesting sport/hobby is
because it is a great war to improve my physical and mental well-being.
Besides, …
Cost of the equipment:
Cheap = budget-friendly = affordable
Expensive = cost an arm and a ledge/cost a fortune
Difficulties
- At the beginning/ initially, it was… (past tense). But now……. (present
tense)

Situation 2: You have received a letter from a foreign friend, Nick.

I must write an article for the school newspaper about festivals. Can you give me
some information about a popular festival in your country. When and where is it
held? What activities are there in the festival? And is there any special food? Write a
reply to Nick.
Ideas and vocabulary
Mid-autumn.
Activities:
- Offer a chance to enjoy delicious moon cakes.
- Watch many street performances such as lion dance, and music concerts.
- Traditionally, most people take these opportunities to spend with/reunite
 family so that they can strength the bond
- To play colorful lantern with other children in the same neighborhood
Special food
- Mooncakes: symbolic meaning: it symbolizes happiness and optimistic
attitudes and family solidarity
- Flavor/ main ingredients
WRITING AN ESSAY
GIVING OPINION
2. Discuss both views
Nhận biết đề:
EX1: You should spend about 40 minutes on this task
Some people prefer to eat at restaurants while others prefer to prepare and eat at
home.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
BALANCES VIEW: both eating out and eating at home are good.
ONE-SIDE VIEW: I prefer eating out or I prefer eating at home.

INTRODUCTION
 People hold different perspectives about X (topic)
Some people argue that (paraphrasing vế 1) …, while others say that (paraphrasing
vế 2)…
Example: Some people argue that eating at restaurant is a good choice, while others
say that eating at home is better/express the opposite viewpoint.
 Chèn câu nêu lên quan điểm của mình
Cân bằng: Both views are good to some extent. In this essay, I will discuss the two
sides of the topic.
In my opinion, both options bring equal benefits/advantages. The explanation will be
provided in the essay.
Thiên lệch: Personally, I agree with the former/latter view, even though the other
one also shows positive aspects.
In my opinion, although eating at the restaurant may offer some benefits, I still
believe that we should prioritize home-cooked meals.
BODY PARAGRAPH 1 – NÓI VỀ QUAN ĐIỂM THỨ NHẤT
The option to…is attractive for some reasons.
Fristly…
Secondly…
Thridly…
BODY PARAGRAPH 2: NÓI VỀ QUAN ĐIỂM THỨ HAI/MÌNH ỦNG HỘ
Cân bằng: The option to…is ALSO beneficial for some reasons
Thiên lệch: However, I believe it is MORE beneficial to…
Firstly…
Secondly…
Thirdly…
+ Example/Explain
CONCLUSION
Cân bằng: In conclusion, both sides are important/beneficial because each has its
own merits/advantages.
Thiên lệch: To sum up, although there are clear benefits of…, I do believe provides
important benefits.
Some people say that physical education (PE) classes are an important part of a
child’s education. Others believe that it is more important to focus on
academics during school time. Discuss both views, and give your opinion.

You must write at least 250 words

People hold different perspectives about the role PHYSICAL EDUCATION plays
in childhood development. Some may argue that PE is indispesable (=important)
for the physical growth of a child, while others express the opposite viewpoint. In
my opinion, physical exercises are as important as academic subjects, therefore,
it should be included in a school curriculum

It may be true that academic subjects are crucial for children’s education.
According to this point of view, children need to spend their entire school day
learning math, science, literature, and history. Devoting time to these subjects is the
best way to prepare children for their future university education and careers.
Therefore, increasing time for physical education will decrease the time allotted for
other subjects. As a result, students don’t have enough time for studying and they
may get low grades. If children enjoy playing sports, they should do it outside of
school time.

Despite the ideas discussed above, it is undeniable that physical education is also
important. According to this point of view, physical education teaches children
important skills such as teamwork, leadership, and how to win and lose gracefully.
In addition, physical education classes are the best way to ensure that children get
the regular physical exercise that they need to stay healthy. Finally, if children
spend a little time each day being physically active, it helps them concentrate better
on their academic work.

In conclusion, although each view has its own strong and weak points, I agree with
the idea that we should increase the time for physical education at school.

Topic: People have different preferences about how to travel. Some prefer
traveling alone to have more freedom. Others, however, choose to travel in a
group with a tour guide.

Benefits of traveling alone

1- More chances to develop a wide range of/ a variety of social skills such as
problem-solving skills and communication skills.
 Explain: because we have to overcome many challenges on the road by
ourselves.
2- Create our own itinerary on which tourist landmarks to visit or when to start
the journey.
3- Can have more control over our budget.
Benefits of traveling with others guided tours.
1- Less dangerous, especially when we travel to foreign countries.
2- Offer bonding time with family/friends.
3- It is easier to gain insight into the local culture and tradition thanks to a
supportive tour guide.
4- Cheaper than traveling alone. Provide us with many discounts.
5- Less time-consuming for busy people. Travel agencies will help us with many
procedures related to a trip.

Topic 2: Although playing video games may boost children’s learning, health
and social skills, many people say that video games are more negative than
positive for children.

Benefits of video games

1. Cognitive development
Many studies have shown that /it is scientifically proven that.
 Playing video games can contribute to the development of a player’s logical
thinking.
2. Many games involve teamwork.
 Nurture the ability to collaborate with others.
3. Playing video games can be effective for reducing stress.
Drawbacks of video games
1. Adversely affect a child’s behavior
 Children who are addicted to violent games can become aggressive.
2. Physical health
 More vulnerable to obesity
 Leading sedentary lifestyle + not doing physical activities.
3. Mental impact
4. Negatively influence their academic performances

ADVANTAGE
AND/OUTWEIGHT
DISADVANTAGE

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

Introduction (3-4 sentence)
- Introduce the topic (2)
- Introduce what to write: the essay will give insight into the merits/main benefits
and demerits/drawbacks of X(topic)

Body paragraph
Paragraph 1: discuss Advantages.
On the on hand, X can offer us a wide range of merits.
Paragraph 2: discuss Disadvantages.
On the other hand, X can also cause a number of concerns.

Conclusion
 In conclusion, although/despite the fact that X brings about many advantages, it
also has some problems that we should be aware of.
ADVANTAGE OUTWEIGH DISADVANTAGES
Topic: New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time.
Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages

Techonological advances have affected many aspects of our lives. Such impact is
also manifested itself in the the way children spend their leisure time. While the
change in leisure activities driven by Technologies has some merits, I believe that
the drawbacks worth more consideration;
In my opinion, this tendency has more drawbacks/merits than benefits/demerits

MENTIONS SOME BENEFITS (2)

On the one hand, (1) _____ . Firstly, playing game might help children improve their
cognitive development. For example, children who play strategic games tend to
acquire better logical thinking and problem-solving skills.This is because these
games require players to be skillful at dealing with unexpected situations and
brainstorming strategies. Secondly, children might benefit from early exposure to the
Internet since the source of online information is huge and readily available. If
people can browse the Internet at a young age, they can start their learning process
earlier. In this regard, using the Internet can help children increase the knowledge on
a variety of topics.

EXPLAIN THE WRITER’S OPINION (3)

Despite the ideas discussed above, i believe that the overreliance on tech in free
time creates more problem (2) ____ . One of the main drawbacks is that children
who regularly use the Internet spend much less time on physical exercises.
Consequently, They will likely to face the higher risk of severve health problems,
especially obesity. In addition, game addiction can negatively affect children’s
academic performance. The reason for this is that when these children spend more
time on games, they certainly have less time for their study. As a result, they are
more likely to receive lower score or fail an exam.
In conclusion, while there are some advantages to children spending time on
advanced technologies, it seems to me that the disadvantages outweigh the
advantages.

TASK 2 – ESSAY
AGREE OR DISAGREE
 1. Children, especially girls, don’t need to learn to cook and do housework.
Do you agree or disagree with this idea?
 Agree: girl don’t need to learn to cook and do housework
 Disagree: girls need to learn to cook and do housework
Way 1: BODY PARAGRAPHS
- Paragraph 1: reason 1 (at least 2 details) Explain, Example
- Paragraph 2: reason 2
- Paragraph 3: reason 3
2. In addition to love marriages, arranged marriages are still common in
many countries. Which type marriage do you think will be better for long-
term marriages?
 Agree: love marriages is better
 Disagree: support arranged marriages
WAY 2: BODY PARAGRAPH (DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS)
Paragraph 1: arranged marriages: 2-3 reasons why it works.
Paragraph 2: DESPITE THE IDEAS discussed above/ despite the ideas, I strongly
believe that love marriages provide us with more desirable outcomes: 3 reasons (1-2
details for each reason)
Example:
Paragraph 1: benefits of LM (có thể so sánh với AM) => challenges in marriage life
Paragraph 2: benefits of LM
Paragraph 3: drawback of AM

PRATICE WRITING TASK 1

You saw a job advertisement and want to know more information about
the job.
“We are looking for a teacher assistant for our English Center. If you are
interested in this position and you want to be a part of our young, devoted
team. Please send an email to us right now!”
Write an email to this English Center and say
- Why you send the email.
- Ask about responsibilities.
- Ask about skills and qualifications for this position

Dear Mr/Ms HR Manager, Mr Nam

 My name is Nguyen Van A. I am writing this email to ask for some information
regarding the job Teacher Assistant at WESET English Center. Despite the job
description provided on your website, there are some information I am still
wondering about.

Regarding the main responsibilities of a teacher assistant, do I need to support

the teacher to tutor academically weak students? Besides, I am wondering
whether I need to support a teacher with the marking of students’ assignment.
Moreover, do I have to make a lesson plan?

About the essential skills needed for this position, do I need to prove my skills
to manage a whole class? Furthermore, does this job require other social skills
such as problem-solving skills or communication skills? Besides, does it require
other skills for students with special needs?

Finally, as for the essential qualification, what i am still wondering is

whether a certificate of IELTS or TOEIC is required. And, if yes, what English
level do I need?

I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

Your sincerely,

CHALLENGING TOPIC
Topic 1: Good English can help us access to many resources. Do you agree
with this idea?
WHAT KIND OF resources?
4 skills
- Reading skills
 Access to a wide range of information on the Internet. Resources: books,
articles, magazines
- Listening skills
 English podcasts, video, movies
 Benefits
- Speaking skills
 Help us to communicate with local people who will expand our cultural
knowledge.
- Writing skills?
 Translation
 Book

Topic: It is never too late to learn.

 Time limit
 Factors which make lifelong learning possible
Agree or disagree?
What to write?
AGREE
- The internet
 Knowledge
 Older people can catch up with the latest knowledge like the younger
generation. For example, self-study tutorial videos
- They are still capable of learning, brain function. According to studies/ it is
scientifically proven that, older leaners can still grasp new knowledge.
- As long as they have strong determination to acquire new knowledge. For
example:

Most young people these days prefer watching movies and other
entertaining tv programs.
 (1) What are the causes of the diversity of tv programs? 3 reasons => 3
body paragraphs
 (2) Write an essay to discuss the causes of this trend? Is it a positive or
negative trend? Give opinion
Intro: The essay will discuss the underlying factors of this viewing preference.
In my opinion, it is a positive/ negative trend.
- Paragraph 1: causes
- Paragraph 2: Positive. I believe that this growing popularity of
entertaining programs will bring more merits. REASONS WHY IT IS
POSITIVE (2-3 reasons – 1-2 details for each reason)
(2)
Causes
- Firstly, these entertaining programs are well-known as an effective way to
reduce stress/ coping mechanism. This is because Entertaining programs
often provide instant enjoyment and relaxation. For instance/ to illustrate, …
- Secondly, the blame could be fall on the poorly designed content of many
educational programs.
- Finally, these programs provide topics for young people to gossip with their
 friends.

Opinion (positive/negative) paragraph 2:

In my opinion, the growing interest in tv programs catering to entertainment
purpose raises more concerns/ deserve to be well-received.
Positive: it can serve as a strong motivation for positive change in educational
programs. Secondly, develop the entertainment industry.
Negative: some age-inappropriate movies can wreak havoc on the young
viewer’s behaviors. Secondly, young viewers may not be knowledgeable about
common knowledge.
(1)
Firstly, the diversity of tv programs can lend itself to the various needs of
viewers.
 Viewers from young people age groups may fond reaity shows and other
entertaining programs more appealing.
 On the other hand, …
Secondly, the variety of tv programs may be derived from the feces competition
against the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix and Apple tv.
 compete for view ship ratings and advertising revenue.
Thirdly, television is the medium for creativity and storytelling.