2.

MYSQL DATABASE COMMANDS (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE;DDL)

COMMAND MEANING SYNTAX

show database Shows all the databases available in MySQL server. >SHOW DATABASE;

create database Creates a new database if it does not exist. >CREATE DATABASE DATABASENAME;

drop database To delete an existing database permanently. >DROP DATABASE DATABASE_NAME

alter database Changes or modifies the characteristics of an existing database. >ALTER DATABASE [DATABASENAME] ALTEROPTION ;

Allow you to use a particular database or change from the current >USE DATABASENAME;
use database
database to another database.

3. MySQL Table commands(DDL)

COMMAND MEANING SYNTAX

show tables Shows all tables within the current database. >SHOW TABLES;

>CREATE TABLE TABLENAME (

COLUMN1 DATATYPE,

COLUMN2 DATATYPE,

create table Creates a new table in the current database. COLUMN3 DATATYPE,

....

CONSTRAINTS ....

);

alter table (add column) Adds a new column to an existing table. >ALTER TABLE TABLENAME ADD COLUMNNAME DATATYPE;

alter table (drop column) Deletes a column from an existing table. >ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP COLUMN COLUMNNAME;

>ALTER TABLE TABLENAME

alter table (alter column) Alters an existing column in an already existing table.
ALTER COLUMN COLUMNNAME DATATYPE;

>ALTER TABLE TABLENAME

alter table(add primary key) Alters or adds primary key to an existing table.
ADD PRIMARY KEY (COLUMNNAME,...);

>ALTER TABLE TABLENAME

alter table(drop primary key) Drops an existing primary key in a table.
DROP PRIMARY KEY;

>ALTER TABLE TABLENAME1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (COLUMN1) REFERENCES

alter table(add foreign key) Creates a foreign key on an existing table. TABLENAME2(COLUMN2);

alter table(drop foreign key) Deletes an existing foreign key in an already existing table. > ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP FOREIGN KEY FOREIGNKEY_NAME;

rename table Changes the name of an existing table. >RENAME TABLE OLD_TABLENAME TO NEW_TABLENAME;

drop table Deletes the entire table along with its definition. >DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME;

truncate table Remove all records in a MySQL table. >TRUNCATE TABLE TABLENAME;

describe table Displays all the columns of an existing table. >DESCRIBE TABLE_NAME;

describe table column Displays all the values stored in a particular column. >DESCRIBE TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME;
 4. MySQL DML(Data Manipulation Language) Commands

COMMAND MEANING SYNTAX

select * Displays all rows in a table. >SELECT * FROM TABLENAME

select * (multiple tables) Displays all the rows of the cartesian product of the two tables >SELECT * FROM TABLENAME1,TABLENAME2;

select columns Select particular columns from table(s) >SELECT COLUMN1,COLUMN2 FROM TABLENAME;

select with condition Displays rows based on a particular condition > SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE CONDITION

select with multiple

Displays rows only when both the conditions are satisfied. > SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE CONDITION1 AND CONDITION2.
conditions(AND)
select with multiple
Displays rows only when either of the conditions are satisfied. > SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE CONDITION1 OR CONDITION2.
conditions(OR)

select with condition(NOT) Displays rows based on negation of a particular condition. >SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE NOT CONDITION.

select with group by Displays rows that have same values into summary rows > SELECT .. FROM .. WHERE… GROUP BY COLUMN3;

>SELECT COUNT(COLUMN1) FROM TABLENAME ORDER BY COLUMN2 HAVING

select with having Used instead of where for aggregate functions. COUNT(COLUMN1)>3;

select distinct Display all unique rows discarding duplicate ones. >SELECT DISTINCT (COLUMN1) FROM TABLENAME;

order by Used to sort results in ascending order or descending order > SELECT … FROM TABLENAME ORDER BY COLUMN1 ASC|DESC;

column alias Changes the output of the name of the column. > SELECT COLUMN1 AS NEWNAME FROM TABLENAME;

like Used to search for a specific pattern. > SELECT COLUMN1 FROM TABLENAME WHERE COLUMN1 LIKE ‘%PATTERN%’;

insert record Adds a new row to an existing table. > INSERT INTO TABLENAME (COLUMN1,COLUMN2…) VALUES (VALUE1,VALUE2…);

> INSERT INTO TABLENAME (COLUMN1,COLUMN2…) VALUES (VALUE1A,VALUE2A…),

insert record(multiple) Adds multiple records into an existing table. (VALUE1B,VALUE2B,...);

delete Deletes all records in a table. > DELETE FROM TABLENAME;

delete with where Deletes specific records >DELETE FROM TABLENAME WHERE CONDITION;

between Selects values in a given range >SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE AGE BETWEEN 25 AND 30.

in Used instead of multiple OR operators. > SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE COLUMN2 IN (V1,V2…);

exists Tests for existence of a certain record. Returns a boolean value. > SELECT * FROM TABLE NAME WHERE EXIST (SUB QUERY);

update table Modifies data in existing tables. > UPDATE TABLENAME SET COLUMNNAME=VALUE WHERE CONDITION;

Selects records that have the same values in two same or distinct > SELECT COLUMN(S) FROM TABLENAME1 INNER JOIN TABLENAME2 ON
inner join
tables. TABLENAME1.COLUMNAME=TABLENAME2.COLUMNAME;
Selects all the records from the left table and matching records >SELECT COLUMN(S) FROM TABLENAME1 LEFT JOIN TABLENAME2 ON
left join
from the right table. TABLENAME1.COLUMNAME=TABLENAME2.COLUMNAME;
Selects all the records from the right table and matching records >SELECT COLUMN(S) FROM TABLENAME1 RIGHT JOIN TABLENAME2 ON
right join
from the left table. TABLENAME1.COLUMNAME=TABLENAME2.COLUMNAME;

cross join Selects rows from cartesian product of both the tables. >SELECT COLUMN(S) FROM TABLE1 CROSS JOIN TABLE2;

>SELECT COLUMN(S) FROM TABLENAME1 FULL OUTER JOIN TABLENAME2 ON

full outer join Selects all records with a match on table1 or table2. TABLENAME1.COLUMNAME=TABLENAME2.COLUMNAME WHERE CONDITION;

>SELECT * FROM TABLENAME1

union Combines the result of two select statements.
UNION SELECT * FROM TABLENAME2

>SELECT * FROM TABLENAME1

union all Similar to Union but allows duplicate values
UNION ALL SELECT * FROM TABLENAME2

>SELECT CONCAT(COLUMN1, " ", POSTALCODE, " ", COLUMN2) AS NEWCOL

concat() Combines two or more columns together.
FROM TABLENAME;