Data Protection Audit Self-Assessment Toolkit
Data Protection Audit Self-Assessment Toolkit
Self-assessment toolkit
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What is an audit?
Information is a valuable asset and resource to any organisation. The Data Protection Act (“the Act”)
sets out rules regarding the managing, handling and utilisation of a particular form of information, i.e.
‘personal data’. These rules are the ‘data protection principles’.
Organisations may utilise personal data for many different reasons, for example staff administration,
the provision of goods or services to customers, marketing strategies, prevention of money
laundering etc. It is important to ensure that the utilisation of personal data accords with the
requirements of the Act.
A data protection audit operates as a control mechanism and may identify irregularities or system
weaknesses regarding the organisation’s handling of personal data – i.e. compliance with the data
protection principles.
These weaknesses may include a lack of security, which may lead to inappropriate use of the
personal data, the collection of unnecessary or irrelevant personal data, or the over-long retention of
personal data.
The audit may also reveal weaknesses in respect of compliance with the rights of individuals, such as
the right of access, or the obligation to notify the Commissioner of the types of processing of
personal data undertaken by the organisation.
The audit may lead to the identification of processes, procedures or measures that need to be
implemented, supplemented or amended in such a way as to ensure compliance with the Act or
gauge the level of awareness of data protection as part of the business function within the
organisation.
The audit may also reveal opportunities for financial savings, for example, in the case of monitoring
retention periods the audit may result in the organisation taking steps to implement more effective
records management and free up office space or substantially reduce expensive archiving and/or
offsite storage costs.
Further detailed analysis of the benefits of undertaking a data protection audit can be found in the UK
Information Commissioner’s document, “The Privacy Dividend: the business case for investing in
proactive privacy protection”.
“The Privacy Dividend” includes calculation sheets to enable organisations to put a value on personal
data assets and on the privacy protection benefits. It also includes privacy failure cost calculation
sheets. This document is available free of charge at http://www.ico.org.uk
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What areas does this self-assessment audit toolkit cover?
Many business areas should be included when undertaking a data protection audit, although it may
prove difficult, and be resource-intensive, to undertake a full audit across the entire business function
at the same time.
This self-assessment toolkit is not a full data protection audit but identifies different areas to enable
an incremental approach to auditing. This allows the organisation to choose which area it feels
appropriate to address first. As with many other audits, there may already be significant
documentation in place that will enable the questions to be answered. However, depending upon the
size and nature of the organisation, it may not be necessary to include responses to all questions.
The audit areas are set out separately in the following sections:
Each of these audit areas should be undertaken in respect of both client information and staff
information.
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A list of relevant legal definitions and word substitutions used in to this audit toolkit can
be found on the following page.
Data protection the principles set out in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to the Act Principles
principles
Information Commissioner
Commissioner
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Audit Section 1- Compliance and awareness
This part seeks to identify the mandates for privacy protection and assesses the level of
understanding and awareness at senior level.
This part seeks to assess the level of awareness of staff and identify what training is in place.
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Audit Section 1
Statutory obligations
Internal standards
Contractual requirements
Service agreements
Initiatives
Employee agreements
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External Standards BS10012:2009
Unsolicited Communications
Regulations 2005
Sectoral legislation
e.g. banking, insurance, anti-
money laundering, health,
gaming or gambling
Statutory codes
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Regulators which Common regulators include the
compel or Financial Supervision Commission,
recommend Insurance and Pensions Authority,
compliance with the Press Complaints Commission,
DPA etc.
Trade Organisations
and Associations
which compel or
recommend
compliance with the
DPA
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Audit Section 1
• the liabilities imposed by the Act at both corporate and individual level?
If required to have a register entry, is the register entry reviewed in a Copy of register entry supplied by
meaningful way on an annual basis to ensure that the processing undertaken the Information Commissioner’s
by the organisation is reflected appropriately? office
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Has a data protection compliance officer been identified or appointed? Organisation chart
Are there mechanisms in place for formal review of data protection activities
Policy/procedures
within the organisation by the compliance officer?
What policies and procedures does the organisation have in place with regard
to ensuring compliance with the Act?
How often are such policies and procedures reviewed and updated?
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Project Management
• Are all new projects and initiatives that entail processing information
“privacy-proofed” at the planning stage?
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Audit Section 1
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Are staff leaving employment aware that any customer information
Contracts
remains subject to confidentiality?
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Audit Section 2 - Information governance
This section looks at compliance with the following data protection principles:
o Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be
processed unless-
at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and
in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also
met.
o Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and
shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those
purposes.
o Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or
purposes for which they are processed.
o Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the Island unless
that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and
freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.
It is recommended that this Audit Section 2 is completed prior to Audit Sections 3 and 4 as
the information obtained in Audit Section 2 feeds into Audit Sections 3 and 4.
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Audit Section 2
Information governance
Principles 1 and 2 are intertwined and are dealt with in three sections:
▪ Lawfulness
▪ Further processing
Each of these areas should be reviewed separately in respect of customers and staff.
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Audit Section 2
Information governance
Principles 1 and 2
Lawfulness
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• Is a photocopy or scan retained for your records?
Fair Processing
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(e.g. account administration, direct marketing)
Further processing
If yes,
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Audit Section 2
Information governance
Do you regularly review any forms or web pages that are used
to obtain information to ensure that the information sought is
Service application forms,
not excessive for the specific purpose?
membership forms, job application
forms
For example, do you use all the information collected via your
website or application forms?
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Audit Section 2
Information governance
• a third party
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Audit Section 2
Information governance
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• Are checks undertaken to ensure that there are
appropriate security measures in place?
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Audit Section 3 - Record Retention
This section looks at compliance with the fifth data protection principle – time for keeping data.
The fifth principle states “Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for
longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.”
The Act does not specify how long personal data should be retained as the Act applies to many
different organisations.
The time for retention also depends on what type of information is held, the purpose for holding it and
whether there are legal obligations requiring the retention of that particular information. The fifth
principle applies to any personal data held, whether that is computerised or paper records, digital
images, cctv or voice recordings.
At the end of its lifetime, information must be destroyed securely and appropriately in accordance with
the Act.
It is therefore important that any organisation understands what information it holds and why, and
therefore be able to identify any relevant legal or industry-standard retention periods.
A records’ retention policy and a records’ destruction policy targeted at the organisation’s particular
requirements and obligations should be developed, and regularly reviewed, to ensure compliance with
this principle.
The UK Information Commissioner’s document, “The Privacy Dividend: the business case for investing
in proactive privacy protection”, which is available at www.ico.org.uk and on our website at
www.inforights.im , includes calculation sheets to enable organisations to put a value on its personal
data assets.
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Audit Section 3
Record Retention
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For all the differing types of information, computerised and/or
manual, does the organisation have a record retention policy or a Policy
clear statement on how long the information should be retained?
Policy
Is there a policy on deleting information when it is no longer
required for the specified purpose or purposes?
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Audit Section 4 - Security of Personal Data
The seventh data protection principle is concerned with measures against misuse and loss of personal
data. This applies to all personal data whether that is in computerised or paper format.
• Conduct an audit identifying the types of information held, listing all information repositories
and their location;
• Chart personal information flows both within the organisation and outside it, listing all third
parties to which information may be disclosed and assess these disclosures to ensure they are
legitimate;
• Divide the organisation into functional units and assess whether access rights are appropriate
based on the needs of each functional unit. There may be sub-divisions within each functional
unit where access rights could be limited, or extended;
• Based on an analysis of information repositories and data flows, investigate with your IT team
the possibility of installing filters, and creating tiered access to subsets of information;
• Review logging and reporting functionality for all systems holding information;
• Conduct regular reviews of access control and user provisioning polices, especially with regard
to situations where a user’s role and duties within the organisation changes.
It may not be necessary, depending upon the size and nature of the organisation, to include responses
to all the questions set out in this section.
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Audit Section 4
Basic security
Paper Records
ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
1. Network security
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• Is this a secure location?
2. System security
User Registration
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Review of access rights
3. User responsibilities
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Are users advised to /enforced
4. Removable devices/media
In relation to laptops:
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5. Monitoring
• exceptions, and
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Audit Section 5 - Requests for Personal Data
“Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this
Act.”
One of these rights is the fundamental right of access to their information and section 5 of the Act sets
out the obligations in respect of this right.
Guidance on complying with subject access requests, including format and time limitation, is available
on our website www.inforights.im
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Audit Section 5
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Audit Section 6 - Direct marketing
Many organisations rely on direct marketing for increased sales, diversification of products or services
and generally increasing corporate awareness.
The Act defines 'direct marketing’ as “the communication (by whatever means) of any advertising or
marketing material which is directed to particular individuals.”
When direct marketing, in any format, is targeted at individuals, i.e. their personal data is used to send
direct marketing, then that marketing is subject to the Act.
“Personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects under this Act.”
One of these rights, set out in section 9, is the right to opt out from the use of their information for the
purpose of direct marketing and individuals can exercise this right by writing to, or emailing, the
organisation.
The Commissioner is also responsible for ensuring that organisations comply with the
Unsolicited Communications Regulations 2005 in respect of electronic direct marketing.
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Audit Section 6
Direct marketing
Marketing
If so,
• Is there a contract in place?
Contract
• Does the contracted organisation handle personal data of
your customers?
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Customers
Electronic Marketing
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Is the organisation’s name included on each direct marketing
communication?
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