GRADE 10-ENGLISH (REVIEWER) questions that sometimes state the obvious

can convince the reader to agree on the

➢ LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH, points being presented.
CAMPAIGNS, AND ADVOCACIES • Using Evidence-This involves the use of
facts, figures, or quotes from experts to
• Language plays an essential role in our lives. highlight the writer’s authority and make the
More than just serving as a way for us to arguments presented more convincing.
communicate with one another, language • Repetition- This technique involves
also enables us to inform, entertain, repeating keywords, phrases, or ideas to
influence, and persuade others. appeal to the readers.
• Adjectives and Adverbs- Using carefully
• Research makes use of a formal, academic, selected adjectives and adverbs makes it
and persuasive language to communicate possible for the writer to influence how the
discussions and present corresponding readers feel.
findings for variables • Association- This technique tries to link an
studied. object or an idea with something already liked
or desired by the target audience such as
• Campaign is usually social or political in wealth, success, pleasure, and security.
nature, is technically defined as a planned set • Bandwagon-Commonly used in
of activities that people carry out to attain a advertisements, this persuasion technique
certain goal or objective. A campaign speech, makes the audience believe the idea that
basically, is a well-planned speaking activity “everyone is doing it” or that everyone likes
that aims to excite, persuade, and/or motivate something.
listeners convincing them to adhere to the • Experts- This means relying on expert advice
speaker’s ideas. from trusted people like doctors, scientists,
and other professionals for things that the
• Advocacy refers to activities that argue, audience do not know. The idea that these
plead, support, or favor a certain cause. experts are risking their credibility to support
Various causes for advocacy usually aim to an object or idea makes the persuasion more
influence decision making especially with effective.
issues involving social, political,
environmental, and economic perspectives.

➢ LANGUAGE DEVICES USUALLY EMPLOYED ➢ ARGUMENTATION

IN PERSUASIVE WRITING
• Argumentative writing is sometimes called
• Emotive Language- This involves the use of persuasive writing because it seeks to
words that evoke emotions and make people convince readers to support a stand on a
feel a certain way. This is a commonly used certain issue.
technique when writing headlines in
• It also requires the writer to examine a topic
newspapers or delivering speeches.
or issue which involves the collection,
• Modal Verbs-The use of words that express generation, and evaluation of exhibits
modality or how likely something is going to and/or pieces of evidence. It further
happen helps adjust the level of certainty of emphasizes the writer’s agreement or
events to suit arguments. (may, might, will, disagreement on particular proposition.
must, shall, can, could, would, ought to)
• An argumentative essay is an essay that
• Involving the Reader- This is done through presents a stand or a rationale on a given
the use of personal pronouns like you, your, proposition or issue. In this essay, the main
we, our and indicative words like together. argument presented is elaborated and
• Rhetorical Questions-These are questions explained through the presentation of its pros
that are not supposed to be answered. and cons. The main objective of
Instead, they are asked for effect, to illustrate argumentative essay is to convince or
a point, or let the reader think. The use of
 persuade the reader into considering your
stand or argument on an issue.
➢ OPINION OR ASSERTION
• OPINION is defined as a view, judgment, or
appraisal drawn from facts. It is usually a
• Key Structural Elements of concept or impression based on factual
Argumentative Writing evidence.

Ex. I believe running is a better exercise than

• The basic components of an argument biking.
include: (a) a claim, (b) reasons behind
this claim, and (c) pieces of evidence to • ASSERTION is a declaration or expression for
support this specific claim. strong belief towards a particular topic, often
without evidence. It usually includes forceful
or confident and positive statement regarding
a belief or a fact.

Ex.
➢ Language Features of The earth is dying.
Black is color associated with darkness and
an Argumentative Text evil.

• commonplace assertions or
“stereotypes.” These are statements that
sound true but are generally based on
common opinions.

Ex. “Men are always stronger than

women”.

➢ SIGNAL WORDS

➢ TYPES OF ASSERTION
A. BASIC ASSERTION is a type of assertion that
directly expresses the writer’s feelings and
beliefs through simple statements. This type
is usually used in standing up for personal
beliefs.

Ex.” I would like to finish this email before we have

our conversation”.
B. EMPATHIC ASSERTION involves expressing • CLAIM OF VALUE
empathy and expounding on how the writer
understands the feelings and emotions of the - presents an assertion as to whether
literary author. This type may be used in both something is good or bad.
formal and informal writing.
- One concept or idea is better than another.
Ex. “I know you are feeling hopeless with the
project but cheer up! There are still ways we
can do to keep the contract”. - This also emphasizes and weighs the
benefits of the subject matter.
C. I-LANGUAGE ASSERTION expresses the
feelings and preferences of the writer. This
- This is debatable in nature since people
type is called I-Language because the writer
may have different opinions on the given
usually uses the pronoun ‘I’ in asserting
claims or concepts.
disagreement. This type is often used in
writing reviews, reaction, or reflection
papers.
• CLAIM OF POLICY
Ex. “ Mr. President, if I may speak…..when you
signed the petition for these OFWs, I felt very - A claim of policy supports that an action
proud and happy, but when denied the should or should not be done to address a
assistance, I felt annoyed and betrayed. I certain case or policy.
would like you to revisit the petition and grant
them the assistance they need”.
- Policy claim indicates that an action
should be carried out either in support or in
opposition of a particular argument.
➢ CLAIMS OF FACT,
POLICY, AND VALUE
➢ EXPOSITION
• A CLAIM refers to a clear assertion of a • Expository text merely presents or provides
person’s ideas, opinions, or propositions. The information about a particular topic or issue.
use of claims may serve the purpose of
convincing or persuading readers or a
specific audience to agree with a specific • Sometimes called informational writing
stand or rationale on an issue. where the writer provides facts on a given
topic in a way that is educational and
➢ TYPES OF CLAIMS purposeful.

• CLAIM OF FACT • providing facts, expository writing may also

include providing descriptions, citing
reasons, presenting explanations, and
• Its states something about things in the enumerating steps of a specific process.
past, in the present, and in the future.
• NARRATIVE WRITING- TO ENTERTAIN
• can be proven or disproved with the
help of factual evidence.
• ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING- CONVINCE OR
• basically, debatable yet verifiable. PERSUADE THE READERS.
• EXPOSITORY- TO INFORM ➢ SIGNAL PHRASES

1. A clear and concise thesis statement.

Usually presented in the initial paragraph, the
thesis statement introduces the main topic or
idea and provides the overall direction for the
text.

2. Clear transitions. The use of clear and

proper transitions will glue the introduction,
the body, and the conclusion together.
Without effective use of transitions, the
exposition may seem like a disjointed
➢MULTIMODAL
collection of sentences. ELEMENTS
• Multimodal texts. A text is
3. A body that contains pieces of evidence considered multimodal when it
and support. the use of supporting combines two or more communication
evidence like examples and explanations modes to present information.
forms a huge part of a facts-based expository • Mode refers to the method of
text. communication being employed. It can
be linguistic, visual, auditory, gestural,
or spatial.
4. An effective conclusion. a conclusion
should tie the ideas altogether while • Multimodal text may be print-based
highlighting the true essence of the main idea (paper), digital, live, or transmedia
in the text. (using multiple delivery channels).

➢ TYPES OF EXPOSITORY WRITING

➢ Composing Texts with Multimodal
• Cause and Effect. Here, the writer Elements
presents the information by explaining how or
why a certain event or occurrence happened
1. Textual Knowledge.
[cause] and what resulted from that particular - A clear understanding of the information.
cause or occurrence [effect]. - This will serve as the basis of determining
how information will be conveyed and what
• Comparison and Contrast. The modes may work best for the information
writer presents the information by providing
available.
details as to how things, concepts, or ideas
are alike or different.
2. Technological Knowledge.
• Description. In this structure, the topic is - It is imperative to understand what
presented by providing descriptions about its technological tools and processes will best
attributes, features, and examples. work for the kind of multimodal texts to be
• Problem and Solution. The writer may produced.
present a problem and provide one or more 3. Semiotic Knowledge.
solutions to the said problem. - This refers to understanding how each mode
• Sequence. In this structure, information can work to convey meaning, where each
may be presented in a way that follows mode or semiotic system has its own
numerical or chronological sequence either function.
explicitly or implicitly. 4. Ability to Combine Various Modes.
- When composing multimodal text, it is
 vital to understand what combinations will 5. Use non-verbal cues. The right amount of
work best in conveying the meaning of a gestures at the right time are key elements of
specific set of information. public speaking as these movements help
4. Understanding Different Genres. convey ideas more clearly.
- Like in writing, it is also important in
multimodal compositions to take into
consideration the purpose, target 6. Remain calm. Taking deep breaths and
audience, and text-type. having a focused mindset can do the magic of
staying relaxed.

➢TECHNIQUES IN 7. Practice. Through constant practice, one may

be able to identify areas that can be
PUBLIC SPEAKING improved. Practice is a major component of
planning.

• Prepared speech
- the speaker is given the topic beforehand, 8. Watch your words. One must be careful
has time to research about the topic, and is enough not to use words that might put his or
able to rehearse or practice prior to her reliability and reputation into jeopardy.
delivering the speech.

- Speaking before thousands of graduating 9. Speak with clarity. One should observe
students or addressing a crowd during a proper pronunciation, stress, intonation,
business conference usually falls under this juncture, diction, tone, and pacing when
category delivering a speech. Consistent practice is
likewise necessary.

• Impromptu speech
10. Know the essential etiquettes. As a public
- is one where the speaker is given with little or
speaker, one should know the different do’s
no time to prepare. This type of speaking
and don’ts when speaking before an
occurs during ambush interview and other
audience.
gatherings where people are asked to deliver
a speech on the spur of the moment.
11. Use visuals when necessary. When possible
and appropriate, visuals like PowerPoint
➢ TECHNIQUES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING slides can help support the speech being
delivered.
1. Know your purpose. Being sure on the
purpose of your speech is synonymous to
knowing where to focus your discussion. 12. Dress comfortably but appropriately. A
speaker should dress in a way that exudes
2. Be familiar with your topic. The best way to respect and formality.
do this is to research. When you are sure of
every information you are presenting, you will
be more confident. 13. Be open to questions and comments.
Always bear in mind that you cannot please
everybody. It is essential to be open to
3. Consider your audience. It is essential to be questions, comments, and even criticisms.
sure of the kind of people you will be speaking These things can be used as considerations on
how one can improve or continuously refine
to.
his/her style and craft.
4. Plan ahead of time. planning everything is a
key to a successful speaking engagement.