CONTENTS

IN T R O D U C T IO N 19

S E C T IO N O N E : L IS T E N IN G C O M P R E H E N S IO N
D IA G N O S T IC P R E -T E S T 35
L IS T E N I N G C O M P R E H E N S IO N 42
T h e L is t e n in g P art A Q u e s tio n s 43
S tr a te g ie s
SKILL 1: Focus on the second line 44
SK ILL 2: C hoose answers with synonym s 46
SK ILL 3: Avoid similar sounds 48
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 1-3) 50
W h o , W h at, W h e r e
SK ILL 4: Draw conclusions about who,what, where 51
SK ILL 5: Listen for who and what in passives 54
SK ILL 6: Listen for who and what with m ultiple nou ns 56
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 4-6) 58
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6) 59
N e g a tiv e s
SKILL 7: Listen for negative expressions 60
SKILL 8: Listen for dou ble negative expressions 62
SK ILL 9: Listen for “alm ost negative” expressions 64
SKILL 10: Listen for negatives with com paratives 66
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 7-10) 68
T O EFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-10) 69
F u n c tio n s
SKILL 11: Listen for expressions o f agreem en t 70
SK ILL 12: Listen for expressions o f uncertainty and su ggestion 72
SK ILL 13: Listen for em phatic expressions o f surprise 75
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 11-13) 77
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-13) 78
C o n tra r y M e a n in g s
SK ILL 14: Listen for wishes 7g
SKILL 15: Listen for untrue conditions gj
T O EFL EXERCISE (Skills 14-15) 83
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-15) H4
I d io m a tic L a n g u a g e
SKILL 16: Listen for two- and three-part verbs g5
SK ILL 17: Listen for idiom s gy
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 16-17) 89
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-17) 89
12 CO NTEN TS

T h e L is te n in g P art B Q u e s tio n s 91

B e fo r e L is te n in g
SK ILL 18: Anticipate the topics 93
SKILL 19: Anticipate the questions 95

W h ile L is te n in g
SKILL 20: D eterm ine the topic 97
SKILL 21: Draw conclusions about
who, what, when, where 98
SKILL 22: Listen for answers in order 99
T O EFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 18-22) 101

T h e L is t e n in g P art C Q u e s tio n s 102

B e fo r e L is te n in g
104
SKILL 23: Anticipate the topics
106
SKILL 24: Anticipate the questions

W h ile L is te n in g
108
SKILL 25: D eterm ine the topic
SK ILL 26: Draw conclusions about
109
who, what, when, where
110
SK ILL 27: Listen for answers in order
112
T O E F L REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 23-27)
113
T O E F L P O S T -T E S T

S E C T IO N T W O : S T R U C T U R E A N D W R IT T E N E X P R E S S IO N
121
D IA G N O S T IC P R E -T E S T
128
S T R U C T U R E A N D W R IT T E N E X P R E S S IO N
129
T h e S tr u c tu r e Q u e s tio n s
S e n te n c e s w ith O n e C la u se
130
SK ILL 1: Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb
131
SK ILL 2: Be careful o f objects o f prepositions
133
SK ILL 3: Be careful o f appositives
134
SKILL 4: Be careful o f present participles
136
SKILL 5: Be careful o f past participles
138
EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)
138
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)

S e n te n c e s w ith M u ltip le C la u s e s
139
SKILL 6: U se coordinate connectors correctly
141
SK ILL 7: U se adverb time and cause connectors correctly
142
SKILL 8: U se other adverb connectors correctly
144
EXERCISE (Skills 6-8)
144
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 6-8)
145
T O E F L REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-8)
 CO N TEN TS 13

M o re S e n te n c e s w ith M u ltip le C la u s e s
SK ILL 9: U se n ou n clause connectors correctly 146
SK ILL 10 : U se n ou n clause connector/subjects correctly 148
SK ILL 11 : U se adjective clause connectors correctly 149
SK ILL 12 : U se adjective clause connector/subjects correctly 151
EXERCISE (Skills 9-12) 153
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 9-12) 153
T O E F L REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-12) 154
S e n te n c e s w ith R e d u c e d C la u s e s
SK ILL 13: U se red uced adjective clauses correctly 155
SK ILL 14: U se reduced adverb clauses correctly 158
EXERCISE (Skills 13-14) 160
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 13-14) 160
T O E F L REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-14) 161
S e n te n c e s w ith I n v e r te d S u b je cts a n d V erb s
SK ILL 15 Invert the subject and verb with question words 163
SK ILL 16 Invert the subject and verb with place expressions 164
SK ILL 17 Invert the subject and verb with negatives 166
SK ILL 18 Invert the subject and verb with conditionals 168
SK ILL 19 Invert the subject and verb with com parisons 170
EXERCISE (Skills 15-19) 172
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 15-19) 172
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-19) 173
T h e W r itte n E x p r e s s io n Q u e s tio n s 175
P r o b le m s w ith S u b je ct/V e rb A g r e e m e n t
SK ILL 20 Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases 176
SK ILL 21 M ake verbs agree after expressions o f quantity 177
SK ILL 22 Make inverted verbs agree 178
SKILL 23 M ake verbs agree after certain words 180
EXERCISE (Skills 20-23) 181
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 20-23) 181
T O E F L REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-23) 182
P r o b le m s w ith P a r a lle l S tr u c tu r e
SK ILL 24 U se parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions 184
SKILL 25: U se parallel structure with paired conjunctions 185
SK ILL 26: U se parallel structure with com parisons 186
EXERCISE (Skills 24-26) 188
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 24-26) 188
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-26) 189
P r o b le m s w ith C o m p a r a tiv e s a n d S u p e r la tiv e s
SK ILL 27: Form com paratives and superlatives correctly 190
SK ILL 28: U se com paratives and superlatives correcdy 191
SK ILL 29: U se the irregular -er, -er structure correcdy 192
EXERCISE (Skills 27-29) 194
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 27-29) 194
T O E F L REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-29) 195
14 CO NTEN TS

P r o b le m s w ith th e F o rm o f th e V erb
SKILL 30: After have, use the past participle 196
SKILL 31: After be, use the present participle or the
past participle '97
SKILL 32: After will, would, or other m odals, use
the base form o f the verb 198
EXERCISE (Skills 30-32) >99
T O EFL EXERCISE (Skills 30-32) 199
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-32) 200

P r o b le m s w ith th e U s e o f th e V erb
SKILL 33: Know w hen to use the past with the present 201
SKILL 34: Use have and had correctly 202
SKILL 35: U se the correct tense with tim e expressions 204
SKILL 36: U se the correct tense with will and would 205
EXERCISE (Skills 33-36) 207
TO EFL EXERCISE (Skills 33-36) 207
T O EFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-36) 208

P r o b le m s w ith P a ssiv e V erb s

SKILL 37: U se the correct form o f the passive 2 10
SKILL 38: Recognize active and'passive m eanings 211
EXERCISE (Skills 37-38) 212
TO E FL EXERCISE (Skills 37-38) 2 >2
TO E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-38) 213

P r o b le m s w ith N ouns
SKILL 39: U s e the correct singular or plural noun 214-
SKILL 40: D istinguish countable and uncountable nouns 2 15
SKILL 41: R ecognize irregular plurals o f nouns 217
SKILL 42: Distinguish the person from the thing 218
EXERCISE (Skills 39-42) 2 19
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 39-42) 220
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-42) 221

P r o b le m s w ith P r o n o u n s
SKILL 43: Distinguish subject and object pronouns 222
SKILL 44: D istinguish possessive adjectives and pronou ns 223
SKILL 45: Check pronou n reference for agreem ent 225
EXERCISE (Skills 43-45) 226
TO E FL EXERCISE (Skills 43-45) 226
TO E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-45) 227

P r o b le m s w ith A d je c tiv e s a n d A d v erb s

SKILL 46: U se basic adjectives and adverbs correctly 228
SKILL 47: U se adjectives after linking verbs 230
SKILL 48: Position adjectives and adverbs correctly 232
EXERCISE (Skills 46-48) 233
TO EFL EXERCISE (Skills 46-48) 234
TO EFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-48) 235
 CO NTEN TS 15

M o re P r o b le m s w ith A d je c tiv e s
SK ILL 49: R ecognize -ly adjectives 236
SK ILL 50 U se predicate adjectives correctly 237
SK ILL 51 U se -ed and -ing adjectives correctly 238
EXERCISE (Skills 49-51) 239
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 49-51) 240
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-51) 241
P r o b le m s w ith A r tic le s
SK ILL 52:
Use articles with singular nouns 242
SKILL 53D istinguish a and an 243
SKILL 54M ake articles agree with nouns 244
SKILL 55Distinguish specific and general ideas 245
EXERCISE (Skills 52-55)
246
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 52-55) 247
TO EFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-55) 248
P r o b le m s w ith P r e p o s itio n s
SK ILL 56: R ecognize incorrect prepositions 249
SK ILL 57: R ecognize when prepositions have been om itted 250
EXERCISE (Skills 56-57)
251
T O E F L EXERCISE (Skills 56-57) 251
T O EFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-57)
252
P r o b le m s w ith U s a g e
SKILL 58: Distinguish make and do
253
SKILL 59: Distinguish like, alike, unlike, and dislike 254
SKILL 60: Distinguish other, another, and others
255
EXERCISE (Skills 58-60)
256
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 58-60)
257
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-60)
258
T O E F L P O S T -T E S T
259

S E C T IO N T H R E E : R E A D IN G C O M P R E H E N S IO N
D IA G N O S T IC P R E -T E S T
269
R E A D IN G C O M P R E H E N S IO N
281
T h e R e a d in g C o m p r e h e n s io n Q u e s tio n s
282
Q u e s tio n s a b o u t th e I d e a s o f th e P a ssa g e
3 J T .I . 1 • Ancm or m n in U n n •.!___
Answer m ain idea questions correctly
283
SKILL 2: R ecognize the organization o f ideas
287
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 1-2)
290
D ir e c tly A n sw e r e d Q u e s tio n s
SK ILL 3 Answer stated detail questions correctly 291
SK ILL 4 Find “u nstated” details
296
SK ILL 5: Find pronou n referents
299
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 3-5)
301
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)
303
16 CO NTEN TS

I n d ir e c tly A n sw e r e d Q u e s tio n s
SKILL 6: Answer im plied detail questions correctly 307
SKILL 7: Answer transition questions correctly 311
314
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 6-7)
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-7) 316

V o c a b u la r y Q u e s tio n s
SKILL 8: Find definitions from structural clues 320
SKILL 9: D eterm ine m eanings from word parts 324
SK ILL 10: U se context to determ ine m eanings o f difficult words 326
SK ILL 11: U se context to determ ine m eanings o f sim ple words 328
330
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 8-11)
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-11) 333

O v e r a ll R e v ie w Q u e s tio n s
SKILL 12: D eterm ine w here specific inform ation is found 338
SK ILL 13: D eterm ine the tone, purpose, or course 341
346
T O E FL EXERCISE (Skills 12-13)
349
T O E FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-13)
355
T O E F L P O S T -T E S T

S E C T I O N F O U R : T e s t o f W r itte n E n g lis h (T W E )
370
T h e Score
370
S a m p le E ssa y s
B e fo r e W r itin g
376
SK ILL 1: D ecod e the topic
379
SK ILL 2: D evelop su pp orting ideas

W h ile W r itin g
382
SKILL 3: W rite the introductory paragraph
385
SKILL 4: Write unified su pp orting paragraphs
388
SKILL 5: Write the conclu ding paragraph
SKILL 6: C onnect the su pp orting paragraphs in the essay 391

A fte r W r itin g
394
SK ILL 7: Edit sentence structure
394
7A Sim ple sentence structure
7B C om p oun d sentence structure 396
7C C om p lex sentence structure 398
401
SK ILL 8: Edit written expression
8A Inversions and agreem en t 401
8B Parallel, com parative, and superlative structures 402
403
8C Verbs
404
8D N ou n s and p ronou ns
8E Adjectives and adverbs 405
406
8F Prepositions and usage
407
P r a c tic e T e s ts
 CO N TEN TS 17

CO M PLETE TESTS 409

CO M PLETE TEST ONE 411
CO M PLETE TEST TW O 437
CO M PLETE TEST T H R EE 463
CO M PLETE TEST F O U R .. 489
CO M PLETE TEST FIVE 515

A P P E N D IX E S 541
A P P E N D IX A: Similar Sounds 543
A P P E N D IX B: T w o- and T hree-P art Verbs 544
A P P E N D IX C: Idiom s 548
A P P E N D IX D: Prepositions 552
A P P E N D IX E: W ord Endings 554
A P P E N D IX F: Irregular Verb Forms 560
A P P E N D IX G: Form ation o f the Passive 562
A P P E N D IX H: Irregular Plurals 564
A P P E N D IX I: W ord Parts 565

SCOR ES A N D C H A R TS 579
Scoring Inform ation 581
D iagnostic Charts 583
Progress Chart 591
T O E F L A nswer Sheets 593

R E C O R D IN G S C R IP T '609

A N SW E R KEY 651
 « m a n

aãỉ

18
 ■SECTION ONE.

LISTENING
COMPREHENSION

33
34
l D l D l D l D l ü l ü l n l

DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST
S E C T IO N 1
L IS T E N IN G C O M P R E H E N S IO N
T im e — a p p r o x im a t e ly 3 5 m in u te s
(in c lu d in g t h e r e a d in g o f t h e d ir e c t io n s fo r e a c h p a r t)

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand
conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each
part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or im plied by the speakers you hear. Do
not take notes or write in your test book at any time. Do not turn the pages until you are told to do so.

Part A

Directions: In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation,
you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be
repeated. After you hear a question, read the Four possible answers in your test book and choose the
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Listen to an exam ple. Sam ple Answer

On the recording, you w ill hear:

(m an) That exam was just awful.

(w om an) Oh, it could have been worse.
(narrator) What does the w om an m ean?

In your test book, you w ill read: (A) The exam was really awful.
(B) It was the worst exam she had ever seen.
(C) It couldn't have been more difficult.
(D) It wasn't that hard.

You learn from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very difficult and that the
woman disagreed with the man. The best answer to the question, “What does the woman mean?" is
(D), "It wasn’t that hard.” Therefore, the correct choice is (D).

TOEFL* test directions and form at are reprinted by perm ission

of ETS, the copyright owner. However, all exam ples and test
questions are provided by P earson Education. Inc. LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 35
 l D l D l D l D l D l D l D l

1. (A) The coffee is much better this 8. (A) Housing within his budget is hard to
morning. locate.
(B) He’s feeling bitter this morning. (B) It’s hard to find his house in New
(C) The coffee isn’t very good. York.
(D) He cannot taste the butter. (C) He can’t afford to move his house to
New York.
2. (A) The two classes meet in an hour and a (D) Housing in New York is unavailable.
half.
(B) The class meets three hours per week. 9. (A) The boss was working on the reports.
(C) Each half of the class is an hour long. (B) He would have to finish the reports
(D) Two times a week the class meets for before the end of next month.
an hour. (C) He was directed to stay late and finish
som e work.
3. (A) A few minutes ago, the flight (D) He could finish the reports at home.
departed.
(B) The fight will start in a while. 10. (A) The boisterous students made the
(C) They are frightened about the teacher mad.
departure. (B) The teacher angered the students with
(D) The plane is going to take off soon. the exam results.
(C) The students were angry that the
4. (A) He hasn’t yet begun his project. teacher was around.
(B) He’s supposed to do his science (D) The angered students complained to
project next week. the teacher.
(C) He needs to start working on
changing the due date. 11. (A) The prices are reasonable.
(D) He’s been working steadily on his (B) The store is too far out of town.
science project. (C) He would like the woman to repeat
what she said.
5. (A) At the post office. (D) He agrees with the woman.
(B) In a florist shop.
(C) In a restaurant. 12. (A) It has rarely rained this much.
(D) In a hospital delivery room. (B) It hardly rained this year.
(C) It is barely raining this year.
6. (A) The professor drowned the cells in a (D) It seldom rains so little.
lab.
(B) The topic was presented in a boring 13. (A) He needs to do a better job writing
way. questions.
(C) The professor divided the lecture into (B) His writing must certainly be
parts. improved.
(D) The biologist tried to sell the results (C) Without the questions, he cannot
o f the experiment. write the answers.
(D) He needs to understand the written
7. (A) She needs to get a driver's license. questions better.
(B) It is impossible to cash a check
without two pieces of identification.
(C) The man should check to see if he
needs credit.
(D) A credit card can be used to get a
driver’s license.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

36 LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST

l D l D l D l D l D l D l D l

14. (A) The agent was standing in line with 20. (A) She’d like som e pie.
his passport. (B) It’s easy to buy it.
(B) The line to get new passports is very (C) The task the man’s working on isn’t
long. difficult.
(C) The woman must wait her turn to get (D) It’s easier to prepare pie than do what
her passport checked. the man is doing.
(D) He can check her passport instead of
the agent. 21. (A) He reported that the tim e for the
budget meeting had been set.
15. (A) He couldn’t finish closing the library (B) He is always late in submitting his
book. accounting figures.
(B) He hadn’t finished the library (C) He never manages to budget his time
assignment, but he was close. well.
(C) He was working on the assignment (D) He is never too late in turning in his
when the library closed. reports.
(D) His homework was incomplete
because the library wasn’t open. 22. (A) The repairs would require an
extension.
16. (A) He wishes the hard work had had a (B) The car is going to need a lot of
better result. repairs.
(B) He thinks the lawyer hardly prepared. (C) Buying a new car would be quite
(C) He wishes the lawyer had prepared. expensive.
(D) He thinks the lawyer worked for free. (D) The mechanic extended the repair
warranty.
17. (A) The history class begins next week.
(B) He thinks the papers should be turned 23. (A) Betty wrote the letter as directed.
in next week. (B) The directions were given to Betty in
(C) He has already done the paper for a letter.
next week. (C) Betty will follow the instructions later.
(D) The papers are not due next week. (D) Betty worked exactly as instructed.

18. (A) He's not really happy. 24. (A) Walter's had a lack of success with his
(B) The contractor’s work was business.
satisfactory. (B) Walter’s failed in business.
(C) He would rather work with the (C) Walter's new company is doing rather
contractor himself. well.
(D) He was already contacted about the (D) Walter hoped to succeed in business.
work.
25. (A) He should put the organ in the closet.
19. (A) The man should try another type of (B) The closet has already been
paper. organized.
(B) The man should locate a typist (C) He needs to rearrange the closet.
tomorrow morning. (D) He wishes the closet were closer.
(C) The man should make a tape in the
morning. 26. (A) She didn’t do the work.
(D) The man should complete the paper (B) She gave the assignment her best
without help. effort.
(C) She finished the assignm ent even
though it was difficult.
(D) She gave the man a signal.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 37

 l D l D l D l D l D l D l D l
27. (A) She said some terrible things. 29. (A) The woman is more than a week late.
(B) She didn’t say anything nice. (B) The children would have wrecked the
(C) She didn't have any nice things. house later.
(D) She said really wonderful things. (C) The woman was so late that she was a
wreck.
28. (A) New employees are rarely initiated (D) He’s glad that she was not any later.
into the company.
(B) New workers don’t generally 30. (A) He had not gone to the store.
undertake actions on their own. (B) He was still at the market.
(C) New employees are initially rated. (C) He was going to take care of the
(D) It’s rare for employees to make new shopping.
suggestions. (D) He always went to the market.

38 LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST

l n l D l D l n l ü l n l D l
Part B

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you
will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

31. (A) She's a senior. 35. (A) In a book.

(B) She’s a junior. (B) From a television program.
(C) She’s a transfer student. (C) During a trip that she took.
(D) She’s a graduate student. (D) From a lecture.

32. (A) How to transfer to a junior college. 36. (A) To communicate with other dolphins.
(B) How to find his way around campus. (B) To recognize objects in the water.
(C) The course requirements for a (C) To learn human language.
literature major. (D) To express fear.
(D) Who won the campus election.
37. (A) Five.
33. (A) Three. (B) Fifteen.
(B) Five. (C) Fifty.
(C) Eight. (D) Five hundred.
(D) Ten.
38. (A) It is limited.
34. (A) American literature. (B) It is greater than human intelligence.
(B) World literature. (C) It is less than previously thought.
(C) Literary analysis. (D) We are beginning to learn how m uch
(D) Surveying. they have.

iu im 4 n u u |
TOEFL* test directions and form at are reprinted by perm ission
of ETS, the copyright owner. However, all exam ples and test
questions are provided by P earson E ducation, Inc. LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 39
 l D l D l n l n l D l n l a l
Part C

D irections: In this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some
questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, you will read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Here is an exam ple.

On the recording, you w ill hear:

(narrator) Listen to an instructor talk to his class about painting.

(m an) Artist Grant Wood was a guiding force in the school o f painting know n as American
regionalist, a style reflecting the distinctive characteristics o f art from rural areas o f
the United States. Wood began drawing anim als on the family farm at the age o f
three, and when he was thirty-eight one o f his paintings received a remarkable
am ount o f public notice and acclaim. This painting, called “American Gothic," is a
starkly simple depiction o f a serious couple staring directly o u t at the viewer.

Now listen to a sample question. Sam ple Answer

(narrator) What style o f painting is known as American regionalist? (A) ® © 9

In your test book, you w ill read: (A) Art from Americas inner cities.
(B) Art from the central region of the U.S.
(C) Art from various urban areas in the U.S.
(D) Art from rural sections of America.

The best answer to the question, "What style of painting is known as American regionalist?” is (D),
"Art from rural sections of America." Therefore, the correct choice is (D).

Now listen to another sample question. Sam ple Answer

(narrator) W hat is the name o f Wood's m ost successful painting? (A )® ® ®

In your test book, you w ill read: (A)' "American Regionalist.”

(B) "The Family Farm in Iowa."
(C) "American Gothic.”
(D) "A Serious Couple.”

The best answer to the question, "What is the name of Wood's most successful painting ?” is (C).
“American Gothic.” Therefore, the correct choice is (C).
Remember, you are n ot allowed to take notes or write in your test book.

TOEFL* test directions and form at arc reprinted by perm ission

o f ETS, the copyright owner. However, all examples and test
40 LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST q uestions are provided by Pearson Education, Inc.
l D l D l D l D l D l D l D l
39. (A) To protect its members. 45. (A) To the tennis courts.
(B) To save the natural environment. (B) To the arena.
(C) To honor the memory o f John Muir. (C) To the gymnasium.
(D) To improve San Francisco's natural (D) To the Athletic Department office.
beauty.
46. (A) Go to the Art Center.
40. (A) For less than a year. (B) Sign up for sports classes.
(B) Only for a decade. (C) Visit the exercise room.
(C) For more than a century. (D) Watch a football game.
(D) For at least two centuries.
47. (A) Science.
41. (A) San Francisco. (B) Art.
(B) All fifty states. (C) Literature.
(C) The Sierra Nevadas. (D) Music.
(D) The eastern U.S.
48. (A) They are completely different.
42. (A) All over the world. (B) They are somewhat similar but have
(B) In the entire United States. an essential difference.
(C) Only in California. (C) They are exactly the sam e in all
(D) Only in the Sierra Nevadas. respects.
(D) They are unrelated.
43. (A) Students signing up for athletic
teams. 49. (A) Objective.
(B) Students going on a tour of a (B) Idealistic.
university campus. (C) Philosophical.
(C) Students playing various sports. (D) Environmental.
(D) Students attending a university
dedication ceremony. 50. (A) Heredity.
(B) Environment.
44. (A) Membership on an athletic team. (C) Idealism.
(B) Enrollment in an exercise class. (D) Natural laws.
(C) A valid student identification card.
(D) Permission from a faculty member.

This is the end of the Listening Comprehension Pre-Test.

Turn off the recording.

(st o p) (st o p) (s t o p ) ^ ST Q p j (s t o p ) (s t o p) (s t o p )

W h e n y o u fin ish th e test, y o u m ay d o th e fo llo w in g :

• T u rn to th e D ia g n o s tic C h art o n p a g e s 585$- '>84, a n d
c ir cle th e n u m b e r s o f th e q u e s tio n s th at y o u m isse d .
• T u rn to S c o r in g I n fo r m a tio n o n p a g e s 5 8 1 - 5 8 2 , a n d
d e te r m in e y o u r T O E F L sc o r e.
• T u rn to th e P r o g r e s s C h art o n p a g e 5 9 1 , a n d a d d you r
sc o r e to th e ch art.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION PRE-TEST 4I

 LISTENING
COMPREHENSION

T h e first se c tio n o f th e T O E F L test is th e L iste n in g C o m p r e h e n s io n se c tio n . T h is se c tio n

c o n sists o f fifty q u e s tio n s (so m e tests m ay b e lo n g e r ). You w ill listen to r e c o r d e d m aterials
a n d r e s p o n d to q u e s tio n s a b o u t th e m aterial. You m u st lis te n carefully, b e c a u se y o u will
h e a r th e r e c o r d in g p rogram o n e tim e only, a n d th e m aterial o n th e r e c o r d in g is n o t writ­
te n in y o u r test b o o k .
T h e r e are th r e e parts in th e L iste n in g C o m p r e h e n s io n se c tio n o f th e T O E F L test:

1. P a rt A c o n sists o f thirty sh o r t co n v e rsa tio n s, e a c h fo llo w e d by a q u e s tio n . You m u st

c h o o s e th e b e st answ er to e a c h q u e s tio n fr o m th e fo u r c h o ic e s in y o u r te st b ook .
2. P a rt B c o n sists o f tw o lo n g c o n v e rsa tio n s, e a c h fo llo w e d by a n u m b e r o f q u estio n s.
Y ou m u st c h o o s e th e b e st answ er to e a c h q u e s tio n from th e fo u r c h o ic e s in your
te st b o o k .
3. P art C c o n sists o f th r e e talks, e a c h fo llo w e d by a n u m b e r o f q u estio n s. You m u st
c h o o s e th e b e st an sw er to e a c h q u e s tio n fro m th e fo u r c h o ic e s in y o u r test b o o k .

GENERAL STRATEGIES

1. Be fam iliar w ith th e d irection s. The directions on every TOEFL test are the same, so it is
not necessary to listen carefully to them each time. You should be completely familiar with
the directions before the day of the test.
2. Listen carefully to th e con versation s and talk s. You should concentrate fully on what
the speakers are saying in the recording program, because you will hear it one time only.
3. Know w h er e th e e a sier and m ore difficult q u estio n s are generally found. Within
each part of the Listening Comprehension section, the questions generally progress from
easy to difficult.
4. N e v er leave any answ ers blank on your an sw er sh e e t. Even if you are unsure of the
correct response, you should answer each question. There is no penalty for guessing.
5. U s e any rem aining tim e to look ahead at th e an sw ers to th e q u estio n s th a t
follow . When you finish with one question, you may have time to look ahead at the answers
to the next question.

42
 LISTENING PARTA

T HE L IS T E N IN G PA R TA Q U E S T IO N S

For e a c h o f th e thirty q u e s tio n s in P art A o f th e L iste n in g C o m p r e h e n s io n s e c tio n o f th e

T O E F L test, y o u w ill h e a r a sh o r t c o n v e r s a tio n b e tw e e n two sp ea k er s fo llo w e d by a q u e s ­
tio n . A fter y o u liste n to th e c o n v e r s a tio n a n d q u e s tio n , y o u m u st c h o o s e th e b e s t an sw er
to th e q u e s tio n from y o u r test b o o k .

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(man) I've always wanted to visit Hawaii w ith you.
(woman) Why not next m onth?
(narrator) What does the w om an mean?

In your test book, you read:

(A) Next month isn't a good time for the trip.
(B) She doesn’t want to go to Hawaii.
(C) She suggests taking the trip next month.
(D) She’s curious about why he doesn't want to go.

A n sw er (C ) is th e b e st answ er to th e q u e s tio n . W hy not n e xt m o n th ? is a s u g g e s tio n th a t th e y

take th e trip n e x t m o n th .

STRATEGIES FOR THE LISTENING PARTA QUESTIONS

1. A s you listen t o each sh o r t c o n v e rsa tio n , focu s on th e se c o n d line o f th e

con v ersa tio n . The answer to the question is generally found in the second line.
2. K eep in m ind th a t th e c o r r e c t a n sw er is probably a r e s ta te m e n t o f a key w ord or
Idea in th e se c o n d line o f th e co n v e rsa tio n . Think of possible restatements.
3. K eep in m ind th a t c er ta in str u c tu r es and e x p r essio n s are te s te d regularly in
L istening P art A . Listen for these structures and expressions:
• structures (passives, negatives, wishes, conditions)
• functional expressions (agreement, uncertainty, suggestion, surprise)
• idiomatic expressions ( two-part verbs, three-part verbs, idioms)
4. K eep in m ind th a t th e s e q u e stio n s gen erally progress from easy to difficult. This
means that questions I through S will be the easiest, and questions 26 through 30 will be the
hardest.
5. Read th e an sw ers and c h o o se th e b e s t an sw er to each q u estio n . Remember to
answer each question even if you are not sure of the correct response. Never leave any
answers blank.
6. Even if you do n o t u n derstand t h e c o m p le te con v ersa tio n , you can find th e
c o r r e c t answer.
• If you only understood a few words or ideas in the second line, choose the answer
that contains a restatement of those words or ideas.
• If you did not understand anything at all in the second line of the conversation, choose
the answer that sounds the most different from what you heard.
• Never choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the conversation.
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

T h e fo llo w in g skills will h e lp you to im p le m e n t th e se str a teg ie s in th e L iste n in g Part A

s e c tio n o f th e T O E FL test. 5

STRATEGIES

S k ill I: FO C U S O N T H E SEC O N D LINE

In L iste n in g Part A you w ill h ea r a sh o rt c o n v e r sa tio n in v o lv in g two p e o p le ; th is con versa­

tio n is fo llo w e d by a q u estio n . It is im p o r ta n t to u n d e r sta n d th at th e answ er to this type o f
q u e s tio n is m o st o fte n (b u t n o t always!) fo u n d in th e s e c o n d lin e o f th e c o n v e rsa tio n .

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(man) Billy really made a big m istake this time.
(woman) Yes, he forgot to turn in his research paper.
(narrator) What does the w om an say about Billy?

In your test book, you read:

(A) It was the first time he made a mistake.
(B) He forgot to write his paper.
(C) He turned in the paper in the wrong place.
(D) He didn’t remember to submit his assignment.

T h e s e c o n d lin e o f th is co n v e rsa tio n in d ic a te s th a t B illy forgot to tu r n in his paper, a n d this

m e a n s th a t h e d id not remember to subm it it. T h e b e st an sw er is th e r e fo r e answ er ( D ) .

T h e fo llo w in g ch art o u tlin e s th e m o st im p o r ta n t strategy for L iste n in g P art A:

STRATEGY#!: FOCUS ONTHE SECOND LINE

I. The second line of the conversation probably contains the answer to the question.
2. Listen to the first line of the conversation. If you understand it, that’s good. If you don’t
understand it, don’t worry because it probably does not contain the'answer.
 LISTENING PARTA

E X E R C ISE 1: In th is e x e r c ise , y o u s h o u ld fo c u s o n th e s e c o n d lin e o f th e c o n v e r sa tio n ,

r e a d th e q u e s tio n , a n d th e n c h o o s e th e b e st an sw er to th a t q u e s tio n . R e m e m b e r th a t y o u
c a n p rob ab ly an sw er th e q u e s tio n ea sily w ith o n ly th e s e c o n d lin e.

(man) Can you tell me i f today's (A) She has strong ideas about movies.
matinee is a comedy, romance, (B) She prefers com ed ies over westerns
or western ? and romances.
(woman) I have no idea. (C) She d o esn ’t like today’s m atinee.
(narrator) What does the woman mean ? (D) She does not know.

2.(wom an) Was anyone at home at Barb’s (A) Barb answered the bell.
house when you went there to (B) T h e house was probably empty.
deliver the package? (C) T he bell wasn’t in the house.
(m an) / rang the bell, but no one (D) T he house d o esn ’t have a bell.
answered.
(narrator) What does the man imply?

3.(woman) You ju st got back from the (A)It’s unlikely that h e ’ll go to the
interview fo r the internship. interview.
How do you think it went ? (B) H e thinks h e ’ll be recom m en ded
(m an) I think i t ’s highly unlikely that I for a high-level job .
got the job. (C) T he interview was apparently quite
(narrator) What does the m an suggest ? unsuccessful.
(D) H e had an excellen t interview.

T O E F L E X E R C ISE 1: In th is e x e r c is e , lis te n ca re fu lly to th e sh o r t c o n v e r s a tio n a n d q u e s­

tio n in th e r e c o r d in g p ro g ra m , a n d t h e n c h o o s e th e b e st answ er to th e q u e s tio n . You
s h o u ld fo c u s ca refu lly o n th e s e c o n d lin e .

N ow BEGIN THE RECORDING PROGRAM AT TOEFL EXERCISE I.

1. (A) H e is leaving now. 5. (A) H er eyes hurt.

(B) H e has to go out o f his way. (B) She thought the lecture was great.
(C) H e will n ot be leaving soon. (C) T he class was boring.
(D) H e will d o it his own way. (D) She did n’t want to watch Professor
2. (A) H e locked die door. Martin.
(B) H e tried unsuccessfully to g e t into 6. (A) N ot all the bills have b een paid.
the house. (B) They d o n ’t have en ou gh credit to
(C) H e was able to op en the door. pay the bills.
(D) H e left the house without locking (C) What she said on the p h on e was
the door. not credible.
3. (A) (D) H e used a credit card to pay som e
She d oesn ’t like to listen to turkeys.
(B) o f the bills.
She thinks the d in ner sounds
special. 7. (A) S h e’ll call back quickly.
(C) She especially likes the roast turkey. (B) S h e’ll definitely b e back by 4:00.
(D) Sh e’d prefer a different dinner. (C) S h e’ll give it back by 4:00.
4. (A) H e ’ll be busy with her hom ework (D) S h e’ll try to return fast.
tonight. 8. (A) She hasn’t seen Tim.
(B) H e can’t help her tonight. (B) Tim was there only for a m om ent.
(C) H e ’s sorry he can’t ever h elp her. (C) Tim was around a short tim e ago.
(D) H e ’ll help her with her physics. (D) Tim will return in a m inute.
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

(A) She doesn’t like the place he chose. 10. (A) T here’s plenty to eat.
(B) She doesn’t want to get into the car. (B) T he refrigerator’s broken.
(C) S h e’s glad the spot is reserved. (C) The food isn’t in the refrigerator.
(D) They can’t park the car there. (D) H e ’s n ot sure if there’s enough.

S k i l l 2: C H O O S E ANSW ERS W IT H S Y N O N Y M S
O fte n th e c o r r e c t an sw er in L iste n in g Part A is an an sw er th a t c o n ta in s syn on ym s (w ords
w ith sim ilar m e a n in g s b u t d iffe r e n t so u n d s) fo r k e y w o r d s in th e c o n v e rsa tio n .

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(woman) Why is Barbara feeling so happy?
(man) She just started working in a real estate agency.
(narrator) What does the man say about Barbara?

In your test book, you read:

(A) She always liked her work in real estate.
(B) She began a new job.
(C) She just bought some real estate.
(D) She bought a real estate agency.

In th is c o n v e rsa tio n , th e key w ord started m e a n s began, a n d th e key w ord w orking refers to
job. T h e b e st answ er to th is q u e s tio n is th e r e fo r e an sw er ( B ) .

T h e fo llo w in g ch a rt o u tlin e s a very im p o r ta n t strategy for L iste n in g Part A:

STRATEGY #2: CHOOSE ANSWERS WITH SYNONYMS

1. As you listen to the second line of the conversation,focus on key words In that line.
2. If you see any synonyms for key words in a particular answer, then you have probably found
the correct answer.

EX E R C ISE 2: In th is e x e r c ise , u n d e r lin e key w ord s in th e se c o n d lin e o f e a c h sh o rt c o n ­

v e rsa tio n . T h e n u n d e r lin e syn on ym s for th e se key w ord s in th e answ ers, a n d c h o o s e th e
b e st answ er to e a ch q u e s tio n . R e m em b er th a t th e b e s t answ er is p rob ab ly th e answ er th a t
c o n ta in s syn on ym s fo r th e key w ord s in th e s e c o n d lin e o f th e co n v ersa tio n .

1. (wom an) Did you see the manager about (A) H e got a job as bookstore manager.
the job in the bookstore? (B) The bookstore was not accepting
(m an) Yes, and I also had to Jill out an applications.
application. (C) H e saw a book about how to apply
(narrator) What does the m an mean? for jobs.
(D) It was necessary to com plete a form.
 LISTENING PART A

2. (man) We 're planning to leave fo r the (A) If they could leave at n oon .
trip at about 2:00. (B) If it is possible to go by 12:00.
(woman) Couldn’t we leave before noon ? (C) Why they can’t leave at noon .
(narrator) What does the woman ask ? (D) If they could leave the room.

3. (man) Was the concert well received ? (A) The perform ance went on for a
(woman) The audience applauded fo r a long time.
long time after the performance. (B) There was applause throughout the
(narrator) What does the woman say about perform ance.
the concert? (C) The p eople clapped o n and on
after the concert.
(D) The aud ien ce waited for a long
tim e for the concert to begin.

T O E F L E X E R C ISE 2: In th is e x e r c ise , liste n carefu lly to th e sh o r t c o n v e r s a tio n a n d q u e s ­

tio n in th e r e c o r d in g p r o g r a m , a n d th e n c h o o s e th e b est answ er to th e q u e s tio n . You
s h o u ld lo o k fo r syn on ym s fo r key w o r d s in th e s e c o n d lin e.

N O W BEGIN THE RECORDING PROGRAM AT TOEFL EXERCISE 2.

(A) T h e final exam was harder than the 6. (A) T he firefighters saved the hom es
others. for last.
(B) T here were two exam s rather than (B) A firefighter saved the hillside last
one. night.
(C) H e thought the exam would be (C) The hom es on the hillside were
easier. burned.
(D) T h e exam was not very difficult. (D) The houses w eren’t destroyed.
(A) H e ’s not feelin g very well. 7. (A) T here’s en ou gh soup.
(B) H e ’s rather sick o f working. (B) T he spices are adequate.
(C) H e ’s feelin g better today than (C) She thinks the sou p’s too salty.
yesterday. (D) The man should add m ore salt and
(D) H e ’d really rather n ot answer the pepper.
question.
8. (A) He was lucky to receive a grant for
(A) T he com pany was fou n d ed about a his studies.
year ago. (B) He used his fortune to pay his fees.
(B) It was just established that he could (C) He is a scholar at a college with low
go into business. fees.
(C) T he family is well established. (D) He paid to get a scholarship.
(D) T he business only lasted a year.
9. (A) It profited from previous mistakes.
(A) H e did not look at the right (B) It earned a lot o f money.
schedule. (C) This was the last year that it would
(B) T h e plane landed in the right place. make a profit.
(C) T h e plane arrived on time. (D) It was not so successful.
(D) H e had to wait for the plane to land.
10. (A) Chuck’s bank account has too
(A) Sh e’d rather go running. m uch m oney in it.
(B) She d oesn ’t want to g o into the (B) H e thinks Chuck has the wrong
pool. kind o f bank account.
(C) Sh e’ll change cloth es quickly and (C) H e thinks that Chuck is on his way
go swimming. h om e from the bank.
(D) She needs a sweatsuit to go (D) There isn’t enough m oney in
running. Chuck’s account.
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

S k i l l 3: A V O ID SIM ILAR SO U N D S

O fte n th e in c o r r e c t answ ers in L iste n in g P art A are answ ers th a t c o n ta in w ord s w ith sim i­
lar s o u n d s b u t very d iffe r e n t m e a n in g s fro m w h a t y o u h e a r in th e r e c o r d in g p rogram .
You sh o u ld d e fin ite ly a void th e se answers.

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(man) Why couldn't Mark com e w ith us?
(woman) He was searching for a new apartment.
(narrator) What does the w om an say about Mark?

In your test book, you read:

(A) He was in the department office.
(B) He was looking for a place to live.
(C) He was working on his research project.
(D) He had an appointment at church.

T h e k ey w o rd s in th e s e c o n d lin e o f th e c o n v e r sa tio n are searching a n d apartm ent. In a n ­

sw ers (C ) a n d (D ) th e w ord s research a n d church s o u n d lik e search, so th e se answ ers are in ­
c o r r e c t. In answ ers (A ) a n d (D ), th e w ord s departm ent a n d appointm ent so u n d like
apartm ent, so th e se answ ers are in c o r r e c t. T h e b e st an sw er is th e r e fo r e answ er (B ).

T h e fo llo w in g ch a rt o u tlin e s a very im p o r ta n t strategy fo r L iste n in g Part A:

STRATEGY #3: AVOID SIMILAR SOUNDS

1. Identify key words in the second line of the conversation.

2. Identify words in the answers that contain similar sounds, and do not choose these answers.

NOTE: InAppendix A there are drills to practice distinguishing similar sounds. You may
want to complete these practice drills before trying the following exercises.

E X E R C ISE 3: In this e x e r c ise , u n d e r lin e key w ord s in th e s e c o n d lin e o f e a c h sh o rt c o n ­

v e rsa tio n . T h e n u n d e r lin e w ord s w ith so u n d s sim ila r to th e se key w ord s in th e answ ers,
an d c h o o s e th e b e st an sw er to e a c h q u e s tio n . R e m e m b e r th a t th e b e st an sw er is probab ly
th e an sw er th a t d o e s n o t c o n ta in w ord s w ith so u n d s th a t are sim ilar to th e so u n d s o f th e
key w o rd s in th e s e c o n d lin e o f th e c o n v e rsa tio n .

1. (wom an) I heard that Sally jiust moved (A) Sally has no sense o f responsibility.
into a new, big house near the (B) Sally sent her friend to the house.
beach. (C) Sally has n o money.
(m an) But Sally doesn '1 have a cent! (D) Sally is on the set with her.
(narrator) What does the man mean?
 LISTENING PARTA

(woman) Did they get the new car they (A) They locked the map in a car.
wanted ? (B) They looked many times in the car.
(man) No, they lacked the money. (C) It cost a lot o f m oney when the car
(narrator) What does the man mean ? leaked oil.
(D) They d id n ’t have en ou gh m oney to
buy another car.
(man) Have you finished packing yet? (A) It’s im portant to pack the suitcases.
(woman) You should call the porter to get (B) They n eed help carrying their bags.
the suitcases. (C) T he man should pack his suit in
(narrator) What does the woman mean ? case he needs it.
(D) The suitcases are quite portable.

T O E F L E X E R C ISE 3: In th is e x e r c ise , liste n ca re fu lly to th e sh o r t c o n v e r sa tio n a n d q u e s­

tio n in th e r e c o r d in g p r o g r a m , a n d th e n c h o o s e th e b e st answ er to th e q u e s tio n . You
sh o u ld b e c a refu l to a void answ ers w ith sim ila r so u n d s.

N O W BEGIN THE RECORDING PROGRAM AT TOEFL EXERCISE 3.

1. (A) She has to wait for som e cash. 6. (A) Twenty pairs o f sh oes are on sale.
(B) T he waiter is bringing a glass o f (B) The sh oe salesclerk spent twenty
water. dollars on pears.
(C) The lawn is too dry. (C) The shoes cost twenty dollars.
(D) She n eed s to watch out for a crash. (D) The shoes could be repaired for
2. twenty dollars.
(A) The sweater’s the wrong size.
(B) The m an ’s feet aren ’t sweating. 7. (A) Tom tended to dislike biology lab.
(C) The sweater makes the m an seem (B) Attendance wasn’t necessary at
fat. biology lab.
(D) The sweet girl d o e sn ’t feel right. (C) Tom w ent to biology lab.
3. (A) He has been regularly using a (D) There was a tendency to require
biology lab.
computer.
(B) He com m unicates with a Boston 8. (A) The m eal will be served at noon.
company. (B) The m ales should be driven there
(C) He regularly g oes to com m unities by noon.
around Boston. (C) H e ’s expecting the ice to m elt
(D) H e has been traveling back and before noon.
forth to Boston. (D) The letters ough t to be delivered at
12:00.
4. (A) He thought the lesson d id n ’t
matter. 9. (A) T he w eather will probably get
(B) H e c o u ld n ’t learn the lesson. worse later.
(C) H e learned a massive num ber o f (B) The newspaper headlines
details. described a bad storm.
(D) He d id n ’t like m ost o f the lesson. (C) There was news about a headstrong
man.
5. (A) Som e animals started the first fire.
(D) He had a new bed.
(B) Anim als are killed by forest fires.
(C) In the first frost, animals die. 10. (A) If she could do the grocery shopping.
(D) Frost can kill animals. (B) If she prefers cooked vegetables or
salad.
(C) If she could help prepare the salad.
(D) If she minds sh opp in g for
vegetables.
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

T O E F L E X E R C ISE (S k ills 1 -3 ): In th is e x e r c is e , listen carefu lly to th e sh o rt c o n v ersa tio n

a n d q u e s tio n in th e r e c o r d in g p ro g ra m , a n d t h e n c h o o s e th e b e st answ er to th e q u estio n .

D N O W BEGIN THE RECORDING PROGRAM AT TOEFL EXERCISE (SKILLS 1-3).

(A) He would like som e iced coffee. 7. (A) The managers will take the train to
(B) H e wants to stop drinking coffee. the program.
(C) A drink seem s like a good idea. (B) A program to develop new
(D) H e needs to drink som ething to managers will com m ence soon.
stop his coughing. (C) The new m anagem ent program is
very weak.
2. (A) She would prefer a sunny day.
(D) The program will be maintained to
(B) The park is too crowded.
the letter.
(C) She would like a place that is not so
loud. 8. (A) The fire started to attack the
(D) She cannot walk because sh e’s too building.
old. (B) T he firefighter stared at the
attacker.
(A) H e should open an account.
(C) The fire probably began at the top
(B) He should take a ride on a ship.
o f the building.
(C) H e should try to keep the cost
(D) The firefighter started to attack the
cheap.
fire.
(D) H e should try som ething
m onoton ous to get to sleep. 9. (A) H e assured the woman that he
knew the truth.
4. (A) The departm ent is not changing
(B) He is sure that it isn’t new.
the requirements.
(C) He thought that the woman was
(B) H e hasn’t heard anything about aware o f what happened.
the change.
(D) H e soon will know the truth.
(C) The changes are believable.
(D) What has happened is incredible to 10. (A) The art professor is not one of his
him. fans.
(B) His drawings were amazing.
5. (A) The wait has taken close to an
(C) The catches that h e made were
hour.
fantastic.
(B) They were stranded in their car.
(D) His sketches showed a fantasy
(C) Most o f the people have been in
world.
line for hours.
(D) They made a line in the sand.
6. (A) The instructor is selecting several
passages.
(B) T he conductor is fair to the
passengers.
(C) The stamp collector is conducting
his business.
(D) The riders are paying for the train
trip.
 LISTENING PARTA

W H O ,W H A T , W H E R E ------------------------------------------------------------------

S k ill 4: D R A W C O N C L U S IO N S A B O U T WHO, WHAT, W H ER E

It is c o m m o n in L iste n in g P art A to ask y o u to draw s o m e k in d o f c o n c lu s io n . In th is type

o f q u e s tio n th e an sw er is n o t clea rly stated ; in ste a d y o u m u st draw a c o n c lu s io n b a sed
o n c lu e s g iv e n in th e c o n v e rsa tio n . O n e k in d o f c o n c lu s io n th a t is c o m m o n in this p art
o f th e test is to ask y o u to d e te r m in e who th e sp ea k er is, b a sed o n c lu e s g iv e n in th e
c o n v e rsa tio n .

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(woman) Can you tell me w hat assignm ents I m issed when I was
absent from your class?
(man) You m issed one hom ework assignm ent and a quiz-
(narrator) Who is the man?

In your test book, you read:

(A) A newspaper editor.
(B) A police officer.
(C) A teacher.
(D) A student.

T h e c lu e s y o u r class, homework, a n d q u iz in th e c o n v e r sa tio n te ll y o u th a t th e m a n is p r o b a ­

bly a teach er. A n sw er (C ) is th e r e fo r e th e c o r r e c t answer.

A n o th e r type o f c o n c lu s io n th a t is c o m m o n in L iste n in g P art A is to d e te r m in e w h a t

w ill p rob ab ly h a p p e n n e x t, b a sed o n c lu e s g iv e n in th e c o n v e rsa tio n .

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(woman) Are you going to read those books here in the library?
(man) I think I'd rather check them out now and take them
home.
(narrator) What w ill the m an probably do next?

In your test book, you read:

(A) Sit down in the library.
(B) Look for some more books.
(C) Return the books to the shelves.
(D) Go to the circulation desk.

T h e m an says th a t h e w o u ld lik e to check the books out now. S in c e th e circulation desk is w h e r e

y o u g o to c h e c k b o o k s o u t fr o m a library, th e m an w ill p ro b a b ly g o to th e c ir c u la tio n d e sk
n e x t. T h e c o r r e c t an sw er is th e r e fo r e an sw er (D ).
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION

A fin a l type o f c o n c lu s io n th a t is c o m m o n in L iste n in g Part A is to d e te r m in e where

th e c o n v e r sa tio n p ro b a b ly takes p la c e , b a sed o n c lu e s g iv e n in th e c o n v e rsa tio n .

Exam ple

On the recording, you hear:

(woman) Are you going into the water, or are you just going to
lie there on the sand?
(man) I think I need to p u t on som e suntan lotion.
(narrator) Where does this conversation probably take place?

In your test book, you read:

(A) At a beauty salon.
(B) At the beach.
(C) In a sandbox.
(D) At an outdoor restaurant.

T h e c lu e s water, sa n d , a n d s u n ta n lotion in th e c o n v e r sa tio n tell y o u th at th is c o n v e rsa tio n

p r o b a b ly takes p la c e at th e beach. A n sw er (B ) is th e r e fo r e th e c o r r e c t answer.

T h e fo llo w in g ch a rt o u tlin e s th e key p o in t th a t y o u sh o u ld r e m e m b e r a b o u t th is type

o f q u estio n :

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT WHO, WHAT, WHERE

It is common for you to be asked to draw one of the following conclusions in Listening Part A:
1. WHO is probably talking?

2. WHAT will s/he probably do next?

3. W H ERE does the conversation probably take place?

E X E R C ISE 4: In th is e x e r c ise , r ea d th e sh o r t c o n v e r sa tio n an d q u e s tio n , u n d e r lin e the

c lu e s th a t h e lp y o u answ er th e q u e s tio n , a n d th e n c h o o s e th e b e st answer. You w ill have to
draw c o n c lu s io n s a b o u t who, what, a n d where.

1. (m an) I ’d like to deposit thừ check in (A) A store clerk.

my account, please. (B) A bank teller.
(wom an) Would you like any cash back ? (C) An accountant.
(narrator) Who is the woman? (D) A waitress.

(wom an) H ave you deposited your (A) Earn his paycheck.
paycheck yet ? (B) Write a check for a deposit on an
(m an) No, but that’s next on my list of apartment.
errands. (C) Go to a bank.
(narrator) What will the m an probably do (D) Make a list o f errands to run.
next?
 LISTENING PARTA

(man) Did you get the bread, eggs, (A) In a restaurant.

and milk? (B) At a bakery.
(woman) Now we need to stand in line at (C) On a farm.
the checkout counter. (D) In a market.
(narrator) Where does this conversation
probably take place?

T O E F L E X E R C ISE 4: In th is e x e r c is e , liste n ca refu lly to th e sh o r t c o n v e r s a tio n a n d q u e s ­

tio n in th e r e c o r d in g p ro g ra m a n d th e n c h o o s e th e b e s t an sw er to th e q u e s tio n . You w ill
have to draw c o n c lu s io n s a b o u t who, w hat, a n d where.

n N O W BEGIN THE RECORDING PROGRAM AT TOEFL EXERCISE 4.

1. (A) In a photography studio. 6. (A) On a playground.

(B) In a biology laboratory. (B) In a parking lot.
(C) In an office. (C) At a zoo.
(D) In the library. (D) In a ph oto studio.
2. (A) H e ’s a pilot. 7. (A) R espond to the mail.
(B) H e ’s a flight attendant. (B) Put the letters in a file.
(C) H e ’s a m em ber o f the grounds (C) It depend s o n where the file is.
crew. (D) File the answers she received to the
(D) H e works clearing land. letters.
3. (A) Wash the dishes immediately. 8. (A) In an airplane.
(B) Use as many dishes as possible. (B) In a police car.
(C) Wash the dishes for as lon g as (C) In a theater.
possible. (D) At a fireworks exhibit.
(D) Wait until later to clean up.
9. (A) Take care o f Bob.
4. (A) In a bank. (B) Invite Bob to dinner.
(B) In a restaurant. (C) Let Bob know that they accept his
(C) At a service station. invitation.
(D) In a beauty salon. (D) R espond to the w om an’s question.
5. (A) A salesclerk in a shoe store. 10. (A) A pharmacist.
(B) A sh oe repairperson. (B) A dentist.
(C) A party caterer. (C) A teacher.
(D) A salesclerk in a fixtures (D) A business manager.
departm ent.