o7/os/aa Akshay Kamtsti am —= Intyeduction to Analog & Digital Communication t © || Tntvoduction +- Analeq Communication - It ia tne suetem Yo which the Lranemitted signal ie in the form of continuous | signal, Digital Commounitation = Tt to ao siete tn which trans mitted Signal _ts_in the Foren. of digital_pulses of od phrase. constant amplitude _, frequency + > Fvequemty = Tt ig defined as the numbex oh cycles of an waveform ser see, Tk ie expressed im wer hertz (Hz). [\ py eax | g | 4 5 I l 2 5| qi t 7 aif 1] | ay 7 ca ae a] e 7 MEE SAS! \ l \ +t =F Period High Frequency Wave, Loe Frequency Wave Wavelenath = It is defined as the distance travelled by an. EM wave duximg the time of one cycle 1 Since EM wave tvavel ot tne speed of light in tee lapace OX Vacuurn thet wavelengtin is given by E rn Bri0® mia a x Ke dened oS the portion yal.7 ay Ramdvotdth Sata — oH + Frequency $= 202 $2 = aowon, Band widtin = 2000 - 20 = AsO Hn, Block Diagsarn of Ao aioy Comreunitation System + - Sound | Pictuye Input in Electrical Form Speech, Data ete Information| J Tnput + Transmitter Souxce Transducer fr ansmission Channel ; Noise| Receiver Puen] Output T [Transducer 7 Informatien in Recovered. original form Signal = iy Trformotion Source = sie = In _ communication system the Source sends the actual information ot date .Trig ‘nfoxmnation cane. (one tern oto _sounel Hike) i. MY Mfoxnn Ra the Foren FP _pickuces ov K con Mt _can be iSpeecn _, 0% be tn tne w Sonne dato anformakion i} Tnput Tyaneduces = TThe ieformation ty the Toren G& sound, picture ov dato connect _be_transimilked os Wk is. siqnals — Dine taput drapeduce has! to be coovertes! intS S Siiiske electical _ siqnal. fii Traneeni hex = le The function ok the transmitker | is, to convest the eclectic equivalent of the information too ai talsle Foren so thot tk com tonsfex overt long _distance + Basic block fm ransemilkes ove 2 Amplifies , Oscillatot Mixer, ivy Transmission Cnoonel = - The communication channel is the mediuen used for transmission ok electvical siqnol Hom one piace +o other. Paneer nunication medinni can | ise Neonductne. aires SS cables etc. [vy Noise = Noise is an unwanted dectrical signal which gets addedte the transmitted signal when %t is. Axa ve\ling kotsands_ tine xecelvev. a + Bue Xo osise Qety cl information aets deqraded | Once added the vise cannot be sepayated out Srom the Inisimation of signal. Viy Receiwex = * The *eceivex converts the modulated signal Into original electtical signal, + Basic block in Receiver : Amplifiers Oscillator, Mixer, Niiy Output traneducey — + The ootpat transduces 4 to convert The electrical Siqnal into actual iniormation in form ct sound Dickuye oF Video, si + Speakex Monitors or We ore wt output twansducer. Vitiy Destination 2 Dk he destination tne Vecelver ig resent use who lactually xeceives the Anformarion ov dats.Communication Sesteny i= Block Diagram ot Digital a <<< Tranamnitte¥ eee Digital . Source — Modulator Source Encodext Encode + [Noise | [Transmission Channel penal Source Chaanel |. esac Decoder Decoder Receives —— i} Digital Source - +The souyce should be digital Sox TOS communica ton, syste i ee using Ato D converter. i} Source Encoder = 2 Tk reduces |compress & tne date whicly ave yedandant Mikhouk erwoting ts quality. Y iii} Clhawne\ _Encodex = due fo noise tr channel. I The signal may get altexed duting tans mission sal = ilclassmate. Date + Hence, channel encoder provide: ome xedundant bits jo the dota to provide an error free dato on receiver side Wy Modulator - s The modulator converts the electrical eignal into Might and also amplifies it. Ny Transmission Channel + The tranamission channel fo the medium vie which & sianal te tramamsked to the veceiver’s end. This fg the pant where moximunn osise % added. Vir Demedurator = + The demodulator convetts the light stqnal ito electrical s a sfanal. Vii'y Comet _Pecoclex = aT decodes ne siqnad Soy Xemoving, eXKOY = Comecting “bits which weve acide by the Channel encoder , before EYanamission, Ti also checks fox noise & eliminates tt. ss JNii> Source Decockee = & __decompresses , decodes & extract the actual siqnal > Destination — te 4S wshexe tne vecelver seceives the actual MEEsogeie x Advantages & Disadvants\Qes @§_Bieftel__Cornmanication Syateen t- ~4 Advantages — DP Better noise tmmuntty. ~— a Saree Nichelle: cuter tes Gr cncxe: tt Ly Repentexs, oxe med te. tmprove the sist Ken nonr's D> Advance dato processing), yechoiques can be “sed, Ly Tis becorning afmples & cheaper Nove -ox“ AOU. 2. + Disadvantages = | p> Reqixe lenge and width | b> Need of syncronization | Coren - Nealen 6 Singita Communication | Sustenn t= | vNo,| Poxameter Bine.log, Digital 1__|Natuxe of teqnemmitted Analoa, Digital signal 2 [Speed of Slovser han Digital, |Slowes than Analog sat 3 + tranamibeeel” ; T 3 |Noise. Amen oe Poot Bettex k | 4 _|Modutotion |Coxvier parameters like| Message Ys Aranemilted]| _| wre ted: lomplitucde Frequency of/in terns ‘ot digital _} used phase te changed te |rodewonds % obtain AM FM ox PM a ets vespectively |= — - ; [se No] Potarne tev Ana tog, : S| Bandwidtin Lessev | seauivement_| 6 | Posaibitity of Not Possible Posei le coding and E. encryption T [Security of Lesse< fi More Information ee Signe) a & |Uee SJ Not possible, as Possible I Reseateis jeepaxation cf f signal ond ovise is Mot poscilole | _ | A__[Metryod oh Eom TOM moult Neng, | used duh } be. Jo |Reiobitity less Reliable More Retialole be Ol Eiectromaqnetic Spectrum += ke : i Electyormaanexic _spectium ta the rang ot ol type s. L & EM vadiotion. ze Taye] [ver [+e relne] 3 F]E] Ftohowd|visivie[oY_fowys Genes] covmienvays _——— Radio Spechram,ISM Band + er nmare wien coemdaertaN scleguisic & tnedical sadig | past of xaclio spectium that Ioana which Yefers 40 eaewwed Sox use of industria sdentitic” Rs intermationally ts Yatines than for Communications | & medical seartceme LS The 2-54 G2 TSM band te a commonly acces ced loard fox vscrldwide opexations, Micrevave overs cordless Jcnones medical dithermy macinines: militeyy Yadats and find \ § tease TSM bonds. | findustxial heaters makes 9 —= b> The main chhanactextstic of these bands is nat they axe unlicensed, this means that the uses fs fee to wee Brera _withoart having to cecister oY pay anything, Si 2 In | Tadic. TsM_ band : 9-4 +0 2:4835 GHz Seh- Bet Mz [BI Use ISM band + G00, 2490 5000 MHzWpesia® oCetnnunicgtion Gkanela + Communication Channel S Jongases LOsicetess) ee J i | Twisted Cooxial Optiral Radio Mixxowave _Tafrared Paiy Certbe| Filey Waves Twisted Pais Calle :- > Tawisted Patx Carlet i ‘i San ordinany coppex wire. p> There axe two types of twistedl. OR cobbles LY Unsnielded tusisked paix (UTP) :- These axe paix of jpauloked copper wires twisted together without ‘thsuletion =i ix. snieldings ay Shielded twisted paix CSIP) :- These ane pate of Copper wives tiated tegethey with insulation o¥ shielding Rawantages = Pet carries analog as well as gral signal I> Low dost {F used Yor shorter distances . > Evem “F paxt of the network %& damaged entivefol. network does pot cae of 4600 data takes place at © [> Tranemiesion of Bite /s within a distance of 100 mts Pek elps to reduce croge tate and eleckvomagnetic Reduction a) Disadvantages - 2 LiRepenters axe vequived to increase the vange. of Comrounication. As Wie Yin, it breaks vi AM gos L+ Not suitable Yor broadband connections. Reclicatinns — [> Teleprone tines b> LAN (Local Axea Network) Co ~ axial Colole t= >A coaxial cable ia on electrical cable with a Copper B leonductoy and an’ insulator Sielaing, around tH and o Ipxearded metal mes that prevents siqnal Rares fevence exess Ok . land + we tH : + Insulation, Braid Shield Tacket[Advantages - fe — | ——|- Be ——}*- Excellent nitae amenity duc to additional men shieiding, biel 4 eI Signal eat ave Songer dig tances ot Wigner speeds j> Carsy betty analog and digital _ signals, At p> Easy te Anatal and ymetntstin, ipid an [> Bandwidtin s BO times mene tran tieted par cable, > Win Xepeaters we can achieve tne dato They axe not compatible with tested pati cobble ae . Ralicationg ~ [> Te\ephone res Ls cale W tines He LAN CLocal Axea Netvoork) © |lObtical Fibber += [7 Optical Miber Lene signal atkenuation Elects magnet © Interference Loomer inion bo: Ly Resietance to corrosive moaresials Ls Liant vselant and small size IP Greakey tramanit) xo sopping, sad vantages — L> Tastallation and matmkenance Yequive expertise > Unidiyectional Vat Pro poga tion cable fntexfaces & egutomentS are relatively ex censive a Apelitation - L> Dota xakes Lom 45MbB/e to 4-66}. fe possitele Ling IQ Single Wwaveleratin transmission [> Teleprone t> LAN i> Broedtband Sexvices | [> Mobile Networks. } |aguided | Chapnels 2+ awixel\esS channels contain ie Radio waves Micxowaves, Enivared waves __Radio Woves +- P Frequency loekween aktiz And AGH Applica tion ‘3 FP AM EM Yadio Broadensting 3 p> TV p> Maritime communication [> Cordless Prones ete. Microwave 2- > Frequency, weoneen AGHe 4. BOOGH= [> Uses 10S bromemission [> Wig data ate tranemission possible Apelication TP Mobile Communication re Nixeless LAN FZ Sake Wie Comm nication Redox. Lofrared 2- IP Tamisvele Vaint with freq vancy, xange fem 300 Giz te ANS THz IP They cammot cenetiate walls thes Used for short Idistance commumcationr Date (EEG Application > Remote Control REC eum Ns Weleeae nner | e Ollendensdeen Robusto Gsemmeiee | Le Underwater acoustic commuctcaen iS —_% Aeconfque | ending ond receiving mesSoges welors pater s L> Underwater communication done oy osiag _O SxS phrones. A_hydio phone tg _& mile soginone designed to fhe used undernater Sor recording ot \astenins, ke Undeswater $ Bound . Ly EM waves cannot tore) aver long distances _ = Undesmater except at entiemty las frequencies vsinich i Nequixes powerful Exarget hess: i fe LA multivatin channel sehers for a ciearnuntcation, i chemnel In wikich stgnal takes multiple paling “te. yeacs the veceives due to _xeflectiong ~efxac iors, lscatiexing & othex tntcraction witty _eavtvommen’ ot [ aquatic _\ike. ig comses oe pea delays prose eniits b+ ality of UAAN WIG LOK couse CoemeAUNestiOn