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BSTT 401 UIC
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29 viewsKey of Week1 - Lecture Notes
BSTT 401 UIC
Uploaded by
ShatabdiDasCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 10
at
01/09/2024
Chapter 3: Basic statistics--A review
‘The primary goal of most statistical analysis is to make statistical inference, that is, to draw
Valid conclusions about a population of items or measurements based on information contained
in a sample from that population.
‘A population is any set of items or measurements of interest, and a sample is any subset of
items selected from that population. Any characteristic of that population is called a parameter,
and any characteristic of the sample is termed a statistic, ©
ae oat
‘We will review the following topics:
I. Descriptive Statistios
2. Random Variables and Distributions
3. Statistical Inference: Estimation
t 4. Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Testing
1. Descriptive Statistics
‘The most common types of descriptive statistics are measures of central tendency and of
variability (or dispersion).
Measure of centraltendency: The somple mean , olenobed ba X, if vowalle is X
i: Be
nw
7 he Sample. size
eX Xn observed values
Measures of variability:
the sample vaviene ond the sample chanlora cleviotion
Sample VY. = $°= 55 Z(%-x) (an unbiased echivn ater”
of ) Often the most direct and revealing way to examine the data is to make a series of plots. We
describe three types of simple but useful plots:
1) Histograms + for coubinuous vayiable
ebb - skeweel
esopeam ot
+ right - skewed
* Medion > Q2
“TAR : 3-@)
\s a weosuye of dhe spread of
a distibution .
* Dalles : Values > RZ rl.br0R
Values 2 Q)-1& To
I
—20,
{
FIGURE 3.2. Schema
— Sat Assess how well data oulhere
. a ~~ +o a twynal distribution
5 2 ws + plots tok ove linear
> vovmality
* (a) v
Cb)-td) xX 2, Random Variables and Distributions
‘The term random variable is used to denote a variable whose observed values may be considered
outcomes of a stochastic or random experiment (€.g., the drawing of a random sample).
Example: If we select a random sample of persons from some community and determine the
systolic blood pressure (W), cholesterol level (X), race (¥), and sex (2) of each person, then W/,
X,Y, and Z are four random variables.
——E—T———<«'s
«Discrete random variables
whose possible values are countable (such as the number of deaths in a sample of patients or the
number of arrivals at a clinic), have distributions that are graphed as a series of vertical lines.
* Continuous random variables
‘whose possible values are uncountable (such as blood pressure and weight), have dis
that are graphed as smooth curves.
meee) Pla