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CORTISOl

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates key bodily functions like metabolism, immune function, and stress response. Its production and release is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in response to stressors. Cortisol enters cells and binds to receptors, triggering or inhibiting protein synthesis to impact cell and whole body functions. It helps regulate metabolism, inflammation, blood pressure, sleep cycles, fetal development during pregnancy, fluid/electrolyte balance, and energy storage/mobilization. Cortisol levels vary throughout the day and can be impacted by food, disease states, and other factors.

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Mohammed Abdulrahman
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33 views

CORTISOl

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates key bodily functions like metabolism, immune function, and stress response. Its production and release is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in response to stressors. Cortisol enters cells and binds to receptors, triggering or inhibiting protein synthesis to impact cell and whole body functions. It helps regulate metabolism, inflammation, blood pressure, sleep cycles, fetal development during pregnancy, fluid/electrolyte balance, and energy storage/mobilization. Cortisol levels vary throughout the day and can be impacted by food, disease states, and other factors.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Abdulrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cortisone

Glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal Cortex, is a pivotal hormone


involved in a multi of physiological mechanisms. It is synthesized in
response to ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) secretion by the
anterior pituitary, under the regulatory influence of the
hypothalamus. The production and release of cortisone regulated by
crucial body responses to stress, prompt immune system regulation,
wound healing, and nutrient metabolism. When cortisone enters the
cell, it binds to glucocorticoid receptors, initiating a sophisticated
interaction with the cell's DNA. This binding process triggers or
prohibits the synthesis of specific proteins, impacting overall cellular
functions

Functions of cortisol
1. Regulation of Metabolism: Cortisol helps regulate the metabolism
of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
2- It has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties
3-Cortisol play a key role in response to stress. It helps the body deal
with stressful situations by increasing energy availability
4- Cortisol, in coordination with other hormones, helps to regulate
blood pressure, and it can influence the health of blood vessels and
the heart.
5-Regulation of Sleep-Wake Cycles: Cortisol follows a diurnal (daily)
rhythm, with higher levels in the morning and lower levels in the
evening
6-Cortisol plays a role in the maturation of the fetal lungs and other
organ systems during pregnancy.
7_Maintenance of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance.
8-influences the storage and release of energy in the body, helping to
mobilize energy stores when needed.

Normal range:
Its levels can vary throughout the day in response to stress, sleep-
wake patterns, and other factors. The normal range of cortisol levels
in the body typically falls within the following ranges:

1. Morning (8:00 AM): 6 to 23 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) or


166 to 635 Nano moles per liter (nmol/L).

2. Evening (4:00 PM): 2 to 12 mcg/dL or 55 to 331 nmol/L.

Food and disease affecting cortisol level


Effect of food
1-food that decrease level of cortisol
Foods Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids have
been shown to reduce inflammation and may lower cortisol levels.
(Fatty fish such as salmon, chia seeds, and walnuts.)

Probiotic-Rich Foods: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria found in the


gut that are known to reduce inflammation and improve mood. Such
as yogurt
Antioxidant-Rich Foods: Antioxidants are compounds that protect the
body from free radical damage that can lead to inflammation and high
cortisol levels. (Berries, dark chocolate, and green tea.)

Magnesium-rich foods: Magnesium has been scientifically proven to


have a calming effect on the body, which helps reduce cortisol levels.

(Spinach, pumpkin seeds, almonds, and avocado.)

2-food that increase level of cortisol


Eating foods such as processed meats, high sugar foods, caffeine and
alcohol, which provide little nutritional value, have been associated
with more psychiatric symptoms and can increase cortisol levels

Effect of Disease
Disease increase level of cortisol
1-ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma.
2-Ectopic ACTH-producing tumor
3-Adrenal gland tumors or disease
4-Familial Cushing syndrome

Disease decrease level of cortisol


Addison's disease, an autoimmune disorder which attacks the adrenal
glands, impairing cortisol production, an underactive pituitary gland
or adrenal fatigue

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