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Experiment No. 9c Data and Results

This lab report summarizes experiments to classify organic compounds by functional groups. Carbonyl compounds were tested using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine which forms precipitates with aldehydes and ketones. Tollen's test identifies aldehydes through the formation of silver mirrors. Carboxylic acids were identified by forming esters from salicylic acid and showing acid hydrolysis of acetanilide into ammonia and acetic acid.

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92 views

Experiment No. 9c Data and Results

This lab report summarizes experiments to classify organic compounds by functional groups. Carbonyl compounds were tested using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine which forms precipitates with aldehydes and ketones. Tollen's test identifies aldehydes through the formation of silver mirrors. Carboxylic acids were identified by forming esters from salicylic acid and showing acid hydrolysis of acetanilide into ammonia and acetic acid.

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23-1-01249
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY 120.

1 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY


LABORATORY REPORT

Experiment No. 9c
Classification Test for Functional Groups
b. Carbonyl Compounds

I. OBJECTIVES

II. RESULTS AND INFERENCES


Results
1. Test for Aldehydes and Ketones

A. 2,4 DNPH Test

Test samples Visible Result Structure/Formula of Compound


Responsible for the visible result

formaldehyde yellow precipitate C6H6N4O4 (2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine)

acetaldehyde orange-brown precipitate (heated) C6H6N4O4 (2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine)

acetone orange-brown precipitate C6H6N4O4 (2,4-

Dinitrophenylhydrazine) cyclohexanone orange-brown precipitate C6H6N4O4

(2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine) benzaldehyde orange-brown precipitate C6H6N4O4

(2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine)

B. Tollen’s Test

formaldehyde silver mirror formation

Ag acetaldehyde silver mirror formation Ag

acetone -

cyclohexanone -

benzaldehyde silver mirror formation Ag


2. Test for Carboxylic Acid

a. Ester formation Test Samples: Salicylic acid

Visible Results: Formation of methyl salicylate (minty odor)

Compound Responsible: Methyl salicylate

b. Acid hydrolysis Test Samples: Acetanilide

Visible Results: Formation of ammonia (red litmus turns to


blue, urine-like odor)

Compound Responsible: Ammonia

c. Comparative ease of hydrolysis

Visible Result Structure/Formula of Compound


Responsible for the visible result

Acetyl chloride blue litmus paper turns to red, vinegar-like smell CH3COOH

Acetic anhydride blue litmus paper turns to red, vinegar-like smell

CH3COOH

Ethyl benzoate Sweet odor


Acetalnilide urine-like smell C5H5NH2

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