Scribd
Upload
74 views

ENEMA

An enema is a technique used to stimulate stool evacuation, usually to relieve constipation. How it’s done depends on the type of enema and whether you can do it at home or at the hospital. The enema process helps push waste out of the rectum when you cannot do so alone. Enemas are available for purchase at pharmacies for home use, but you should ask a doctor or nurse for specific instructions to avoid injury.

Uploaded by

Raquel Lansangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views

ENEMA

An enema is a technique used to stimulate stool evacuation, usually to relieve constipation. How it’s done depends on the type of enema and whether you can do it at home or at the hospital. The enema process helps push waste out of the rectum when you cannot do so alone. Enemas are available for purchase at pharmacies for home use, but you should ask a doctor or nurse for specific instructions to avoid injury.

Uploaded by

Raquel Lansangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 55

ENEMA

Definition
•An enema is an introduction of fluid into
the lower bowel through the rectum for
the purpose of cleansing or to introduce
medication or nourishment.
Purpose:
•To stimulate defecation and to treat
constipation.
•To soften hard fecal material.
•To administer medication.
•To protect and sooth mucus membrane of
intestine and to check diarrhea.
•To destroy intestinal parasites.
•To relieve gaseous distention.
Purpose:
• To administer fluid and nutrients.
• To relieve inflammation.
• To introduce peristalsis.
• To stimulate a person in shock and collapse.
• To cleanse the bowels prior to x-ray studies.
• To make diagnosis.
• To establish regular bowel functions during a bowel
training program.
• To introduce anesthesia.
Classifications of Enema

Retained Enema
Evacuant
Enema

Simple Evacuant Medicated Cold Evacuant


Enema Evacuant Enema Enema

Astringent Anthelminthic Carminative


Oil Enema Purgative Enema Barium Enema
Enema Enema Enema
Retained Enema

Stimulant Nutrient Emollient Sedative Anesthetic


Enema Enema Enema Enema Enema
EVACUANT ENEMA RETAINED ENEMA

To promote the prompt and complete evacuation Enemas that are meant to be
of the lower bowel. They are primarily used to retained inside the rectum for a
PURPOSE relieve severe constipation or prepare the bowel specific duration, allowing the enema
for medical procedures or diagnostic tests. solution to have a therapeutic effect.

The retained enema solution can


vary based on its purpose, such as
Evacuant enemas typically contain a large volume
delivering medication, providing
of liquid, often warm water or a saline solution.
lubrication, or softening impacted
MECHANISM They work by distending the rectum, stimulating
stool. The enema solution is
the colon to contract, and inducing a bowel
introduced into the rectum, and the
movement.
patient is instructed to hold it for a
predetermined time.
EVACUANT ENEMA RETAINED ENEMA

Retained enemas are often used for


medicinal purposes, such as
The enema solution is introduced into delivering medications to the rectal or
the rectum, and the patient is usually lower bowel mucosa for local or
encouraged to retain it for a short period systemic effects. The patient needs to
PROCESS to allow the solution to soften the stool hold the enema solution inside the
and stimulate bowel motility. The patient rectum to allow for absorption or
is then instructed to evacuate the other therapeutic actions.
bowels when the urge to defecate arises.

Evacuant enemas are not designed to be The retention time for a retained
retained for an extended period. The enema can vary widely based on the
RETENTION goal is to stimulate a bowel movement specific purpose and the healthcare
TIME relatively quickly. provider's instructions. It can range
from several minutes to hours.
Simple Evacuant Enema:
Purpose
• To stimulate defecation and to treat constipation.
• To relieve gaseous distention.
• To relieve retention of urine by reflex stimulation of
the bladder.
• To stimulate uterine contraction and to hasten the
childbirth.
• To cleanse the bowel prior to x-ray studies,
visualization of the bowels.
Solutions used:
> Soap and water – Soap jelly 50 ml to 1 liter of water.
> Normal Saline – Sodium Chloride 1 teaspoon of half liter of water
> Tap water

Amount of solutions to be used:


Adults: 500 to 1000ml
Children: 250 to 500ml
Infant: 250 ml or less

Temperature of Solution:
Adults: 105 to 110°F
Children: 100°F
Oil Enema

• These are given to soften fecal matter in case of


severe constipation.
• Before the 1st bowel movement after operation
on the rectum pr perineum. To avoid straining &
injury to the sutures and wounds.
• It should be retained for half and hour to 1 hour
to soften the feces.
• It should be followed by soap and water enema
to open the bowels.
Purgative Enema
• These are given to cause the bowel to contract actively and to
evacuate its content.
• It acts by their irritating effect on the mucus lining, stimulate
peristalsis and cause evacuation of the bowel.
• The stretching of the intestine due to this inflow of the fluid causes
the intestine to contract and leads to the evacuation of the bowel.
Purgative Enema
SOLUTIONS USED:
✓Pure glycerine – 15 – 30 ml
✓Glycerine and water – 1:2
✓Glycerine and castor oil – 1:1
✓Magnesium Sulphate – 60 to 120 ml with sufficient amount of water
to dissolve it.
✓1-2-3 enema: magnesium sulphate 30 ml, glycerine 60 ml &
water 30 ml
✓Amount and temperature is that of oil enema.
Anthelmintic Enema
Anthelmintic
Enema
SOLUTIONS USED:
✓Infusion of quassia: 15 gms of
chips to 600 ml of water
✓Hypertonic saline solution:
sodium chloride 60 ml to 600 ml
of water
✓Amount of the solution: 250 ml
Carminative Enema (Antispasmodic)
• These are given to relieve gaseous distention off the abdomen by
causing peristalsis and expulsion of the and feces.

SOLUTION:
Turpentine -8 -16 ml of Turpentine mixed thoroughly with
600 to 1200 ml of soap solution.
Milk and molasses (granular sugar) – 90 – 230 ml of
Mollases well mixed with equal quantity of warm milk.
BARIUM ENEMA

• A barium enema, also known as a lower gastrointestinal


(GI) series or barium contrast enema
TYPES BARIUM ENEMA

SINGLE CONTRAST BARIUM Double-Contrast (Air-Contrast)


ENEMA Barium Enema
Barium sulfate solution is introduced into In addition to barium, air is introduced into the colon
the colon to visualize its contours, shape, to better outline the mucosal lining and highlight
PURPOSE and any abnormalities. smaller details.

The barium solution is administered, and X- The patient is given a barium solution, and then air is
rays are taken as the patient moves into introduced. X-rays are taken as the patient shifts
various positions. This helps show the positions to help visualize the mucosal surface and
PROCEDURE anatomy and potential irregularities in the potential abnormalities.
colon.
Retained Enema
Stimulant Enema
• A stimulant enema is given int the treatment of shock
and collapse.
• It is also sometimes given in case of poisoning

SOLUTIONS:
Black coffee: 1 tablespoon coffee powder to 300 ml of
water
Brandy: 15 ml of brandy added to 120 to 180 ml of
glucose saline.
Amount of Solution: 180 to 240 ml
Temperature of solution: 108 to 110°F
Sedative Enema
It is retention enema containing a sedative drug to induce
sleep

Paraldehyde
Drug used: Chloral Hydrate
Potassium Bromide

Dose: as ordered by the doctor


Emollient Enema

• This is an introduction of bland solution into the rectum for the


purpose of checking diarrhea or soothing & relieving irritation on
an inflamed mucus membrane.

• SOLUTIONS USED:
• Starch and opium 1 to 2ml is added to 120 to 180 ml of starch or
rice water.
• Starch mucilage alone.
• Amount of solution: 120 to 180 ml.
• Temperature of solution: 100 to 105°F (37.8 to 40.5 degree
ccentigrade)
Celsius)
Thank you

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy