GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, YAVATMAL.

(Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere)

( Dhamangaon Road, Yavatmal-445001)

Internship Report :- Python Basic Programming

Submitted By:-

Kaushik Joshi 2110121372013

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

Engineering,
Government College of Engineering, Yavatmal
 Electronics An Telecommunication
Engineering
Government College Of Engineering, Yavatmal

Certificate
Certified that this is a bonafide record of the Internship Entitled

“Python Basic Programming ”

Submitted by

Kaushik Joshi 2110121372013

The report has been approved as it satisfies academic Requirements in

respect of internship prescribed for this course

Guided by Head of Department

 Report Content

 Introduction of Industry

 History of Python

 What is python ?

 Characteristics of Python

 Data Structures In Python

 File Handling In Python

 Use of Numpy

 Use of Matplotlib

 Use of Pandas

 Use of open cv

 Conclusion
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 Introduction of Industry :-

IQRA Software Technologies, is a premier institute which provides

IT and software skills training in Scientific & Engineering field with best
quality at lower costs. We are one of the fastest growing software solution,
technical consultancy and knowledge outsourcing company situated in India
with offices at Bangalore, Kanpur and Lucknow.

 Mission

IQRA Software is committed to its role in technical training

individuals or corporate in areas of Speech Compression, Image Processing,
Control System, Wireless LAN, VHDL, Verilog, MATLAB (SciLab), DSP
TMS320C67xx, Java, Microsoft.Net, Software Quality Testing, SDLC &
Implementation, Project Management, Manual Testing, Silk Test, Mercury
Test, QTP, Test Director for Quality Center.

 Vision

DSP, VLSI, Embedded and Software testing are one of the fastest
growing areas in IT across the globe. Our vision is to create a platform,
where trainees/students are able to learn different features of technologies to
secure a better position in IT industry or to improve their careers.
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-
 History Of Python

Python was developed in 1980 by Guido van Rossum at the National

Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the
Netherlands as a successor of ABC language capable of exception handling
and interfacing. Python features a dynamic type system and automatic
memory management. It supports multiple programming paradigms,
including object-oriented, imperative, functional and procedural, and has a
large and comprehensive standard library.

Van Rossum picked the name Python for the new language from a
TV show, Monty Python's Flying Circus.

In December 1989 the creator developed the 1st python interpreter as

a hobby and then on 16 October 2000, Python 2.0 was released with many
new features.

... In December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby" programming

project that would keep me occupied during the week around Christmas. My
office ... would be closed, but I had a home computer, and not much else on
my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting language I
had been thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to
Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working title for the project, being in a
slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus).

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 What is Python?

The language's core philosophy is summarized in the document. The

Zen of Python (PEP 20), which includes aphorisms such as...

 Beautiful is better than ugly

 Simple is better than complex

 → Complex is better than complicated

 → Readability counts

 → Explicit is better than implicit

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 Characteristics of Python

Interpreted Language: Python is processed at runtime by Python

Interpreter

 Easy to read: Python source-code is clearly defined and

visible to the eyes.

 Portable: Python codes can be run on a wide variety of

hardware platforms having the same interface.

 Extendable: Users can add low level-modules to Python

interpreter.

 Scalable: Python provides an improved structure for

supporting large programs than shell-scripts.

 Object-Oriented Language: It supports object-oriented

features and techniques of programming.

 Interactive Programming Language: Users can interact with

the python interpreter directly for writing programs.

 Easy language: Python is easy to learn language especially

for beginners.

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  Straight forward Syntax: The formation of python syntax is
simple and straightforward which also makes it popular.

 Data Structures

LISTS-

o Ordered collection of data.

o Supports similar slicing and indexing functionalities as in the

case of Strings.

o They are mutable.

o Advantage of a list over a conventional array

o Lists have no size or type constraints(no setting

restrictions beforehand).

o They can contain different object types.

 We can delete elements from a list by using Del

list_name[index_val].

Example-

my_list = ['one', 'two', 'three',4,5]

len(my_list) would output 5.
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Dictionary-

 Lists are sequences but the dictionaries are mappings.

 They are mappings between a unique key and a value pair.

 These mappings may not retain order.

 Constructing a dictionary.

 Accessing object from a dictionary.

 Nesting Dictionaries.

 Basic Dictionary Methods.

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 Basic Syntax

 d=() empty dictionary will be generated and assign keys and

values to it, like d['animal'] = 'Dog'

 d= ('K1":"V1', 'K2":"V2')
 d['K1'] outputs 'V1'

Tuples-

 Immutable in nature, ie they cannot be changed.

 No type restriction

 Indexing and slicing, everything's same like that in strings

and lists.

 Constructing tuples.

 Basic tuple methods.

 Immutability.

 When to use tuples?

 We can use tuples to present things that shouldn't change,

such as days of the week, or dates on a calendar, etc. -
Sets-

 A set contains unique and unordered elements and we can

construct them by using a set() function.
 Convert a list into Set-

 [1,2,3,4,1,1,2,3,6,7] k = set(1)

 k becomes (1,2,3,4,6,7)

 Basic Syntax-

 x=set()

 x.add(1)

 x=(1)
 x.add(1)

 This would make no change in x now

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 File Handling in Python

Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle files i.e.,
to read and write files, along with many other file handling options, to
operate on files. The concept of file handling has stretched over various
other languages, but the implementation is either complicated or lengthy, but
alike other concepts of Python, this concept here is also easy and short.
Python treats file differently as text or binary and this is important. Each line
of code includes a sequence of characters and they form text file. Each line
of a file is terminated with a special character, called the EOL or End of
Line characters like comma (,) or newline character. It ends the current line
and tells the interpreter a new one has begun. Let's start with Reading and
Writing files.

We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write

mode. As explained above, open () will return a file object. To return a file
object we use open () function along with two arguments, that accepts file
name and the mode, whether to read or write. So, the syntax being:
open(filename, mode). There are three kinds of mode, that Python provides
and how files can be opened:

 "r", for reading.

 "w", for writing.

 "a", for appending.

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  "r+", for both reading and writing

 Use of Numpy
NumPy is a Python package. It stands for 'Numerical Python'. It is a
library consisting of multidimensional array objects and a collection of
routines for processing of array.

Numeric, the ancestor of NumPy, was developed by Jim Hugunin.

Another package Num array was also developed, having some additional
functionalities. In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy package by
incorporating the features of Num array into Numeric package. There are
many contributors to this open source project.

Operations using Numpy

Using NumPy, a developer can perform the following operations -

 Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.

 Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.

 Operations related to linear algebra. NumPy has in-built

functions for linear algebra and random number generation.

Simple program to create a matrix-

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 First of all we import numpy package then using this we take input in
numpy function as a list then we create a matrix

There is many more function can be perform by using this like that
take sin value of the given value print a zero matrix etc. we also take any
image in the form of array.

 Use of Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a library for making 2D plots of arrays in Python.

Although it has its origins in emulating the MATLAB graphics commands,
it is independent of MATLAB, and can be used in a Pythonic, object
oriented way. Although Matplotlib is written primarily in pure Python, it
makes heavy use of NumPy and other extension code to provide good
performance even for large arrays.

Matplotlib is designed with the philosophy that you should be able to

create simple plots with just a few commands, or just one! If you want to see
a histogram of your data, you shouldn't need to instantiate objects, call
methods, set properties, and so on; it should just work.

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 Use of Pandas

Pandas is an open-source, BSD-licensed Python library providing

high- performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the
Python programming language. Python with Pandas is used in a wide range
of fields including academic and commercial domains including finance,
economics, Statistics, analytics, etc.

Pandas is an open-source Python Library providing high-performance

data manipulation and analysis tool using its powerful data structures. The
name Pandas is derived from the word Panel Data - an Econometrics from
Multidimensional data.

Key Features of Pandas-

 Fast and efficient Data Frame object with default and

customized indexing.
 Tools for loading data into in-memory data objects from
different file formats.
 Data alignment and integrated handling of missing data.
 Reshaping and pivoting of date sets.

 Label-based slicing, indexing and subsetting of large data

sets.
 Columns from a data structure can be deleted or inserted.
 Group by data for aggregation and transformations.
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 Pandas deals with the following three data structures-

 Series

 Data Frame

 . Panel

These data structures are built on top of Numpy array, which

means they are fast.

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 Program codes

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 Use of Open CV
Open CV was started at Intel in 1999 by Gary Bradsky and the first
release came out in 2000. Vadim Pisarevsky joined Gary Bradsky to manage
Intel's Russian software OpenCV team. In 2005, OpenCV was used on
Stanley, the vehicle who won 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. Later its
active development continued under the support of Willow Garage, with
Gary Bradsky and Vadim Pisarevsky leading the project. Right now,
OpenCV supports a lot of algorithms related to Computer Vision and
Machine Learning and it is expanding day-by-day.

Below is the list of contributors who submitted tutorials to OpenCV-

Python.

-Alexander Mordvintsev (GSoC-2013 mentor)

-Abid Rahman K. (GSoC-2013 intern)

Use the function-

cv2.imread() to read an image. The image should be in the working

directory or a full path of image should be given.

Second argument is a flag which specifies the way image should be

read
 . cv2.IMREAD_COLOR: Loads a color image. Any
transparency of image will be neglected. It is the default flag.
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  cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE: Loads image in grayscale mode
 cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED: Loads image as such including
alpha channel

Use the function cv2.imshow() to display an image in a window. The

window

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 Conclusion

I Believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and
desirable to use Python as the principal teaching language:

 It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

 It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to
take their interest further. For many the hurdle of installing a
Pascal or C compiler on a Windows machine is either too
expensive or too complicated;
 It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional
procedural programming and modern OOP.
 It can be used to teach a large number of transferable skills.
 It is a real-world programming language that can be and is
used in academia and the commercial world.
 It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its
many libraries, this offers the possibility of more rapid
student development allowing the course to be made more
challenging and varied.
 and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased
understanding and enjoyment for students.

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 The training program having three destination was a lot more useful
than staying at one place throughout the whole 4 weeks. In my opinion. I
have gained lots of knowledge and experience needed to be successful in
great engineering challenge as in my opinion, Engineering is after all a
Challenge and not a job.