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Project C4

The document discusses the importance of project planning and outlines the typical elements included in a project plan such as objectives, schedules, resources, personnel requirements, and evaluation methods. It also describes techniques for work breakdown structures (WBS), program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and Gantt charts that are commonly used to help define tasks, estimate costs and resources, and visualize the project schedule. The document provides an example work breakdown structure and asks questions to analyze the critical path and calculate the completion time and costs under normal and crashed schedules.

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32 views

Project C4

The document discusses the importance of project planning and outlines the typical elements included in a project plan such as objectives, schedules, resources, personnel requirements, and evaluation methods. It also describes techniques for work breakdown structures (WBS), program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and Gantt charts that are commonly used to help define tasks, estimate costs and resources, and visualize the project schedule. The document provides an example work breakdown structure and asks questions to analyze the critical path and calculate the completion time and costs under normal and crashed schedules.

Uploaded by

bba19047
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Chapter 4

Project Planning
• Every project has a specific objective which is attained at
a particular time and within specific budget.

• The project must have an action plan of how the task of a


project will be performed.

• The primary purpose of project planning is to establish a


set of directions in sufficient detail to tell the project team
exactly,
-what must be done,
-when it must be done, and
-what resources to use
❑ Elements of project plan
1. Overview and objectives:
• This is a short summary of the objectives and scope of the
project. It contains a statement of the objectives of the project.

2. General approach:
• This section describes both the managerial and technical
approaches to project work.
• The technical discussion describes the relationship of the
project to available technologies.
• The managerial approach answer the questions how to
organize, how to set standards and, how to control the
deviation.

3. Contractual aspects:
This section includes how to make contract with different parties.
4. Schedules:
• This section outlines each task, and the estimated time for each
task.

5. Resources:
• This section includes project budget including both capital and
expense requirements.

6. Personnel:
• This section lists expected personnel requirements in terms of
skills, training needs, work force composition etc.

7. Evaluation methods:
• This section contains a brief description of the procedure to be used
in monitoring, collecting data, and evaluating the project.
8. Potential problems:
Though it is difficult to anticipate potential problems but if some of
those can be identified, then preplanning can prevent those.

However, to make the plan precise and to estimate the cost


correctly a very popular approach is used in project planning
namely WBS (Work Break-down Structure).

WBS (Work Break-down Structure)


• A project should be broken down into sub-sectors, tasks or
activities during its planning phase. This process is called WBS.

• The WBS approach enables estimation of costs and resource


requirements for every activity implemented during the project.
• There are several techniques like PERT, and GANT, all based on
WBS, which enable the project to be visualized.

• Maximum task breakdown and efficiency is ensured when three


key conditions prevail:
- The timing of the project activities can be tightly determined
- Input requirements are known
- Precise costs are known
PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique)
• The PERT flow chart is a tool which enables to define
and coordinate the inputs necessary to achieve a
predetermined target in a planned time frame.

• PERT flow chart comprises ‘phases’ and well defined


‘task operations’ which can be shown as a network.

• Each ‘time-marker’ in the network will indicate the


beginning and end of the task which are linked with
arrows.
❑ The following information are given regarding the operational plan of a project.
Activity Predecessor Normal time Crash time Crashing cost
(days) (days) ($)
A - 6 4 500
B A 2 2 600
C - 3 2 800
D - 4 3 600
E C 1 1 -
F D 3 2 300
G B, E, F 3 2 400
H G 4 3 800
I H 5 4 700
Crashing per day will benefit $1000.
You are required to:
(i) Draw the network diagram;
(ii) Find out the critical path and critical activities using normal time;
(iii) Count the total time to complete the project using normal time;
(iv) Find out the time to complete the project using crash time, cost and benefit.

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