Major editions in java 

 Standard Edition - runs on desktops and laptops

 Enterprise edition - runs on servers
 Micro edition runs - on mobile devices such as cell phones
Full form in java  Java Development Kit
Runtime environment  JVM(java Virtual Machine)
Command  compile – “javac” / Execute – “java”
Data type size (type – bits – range)  Boolean – 1 – true, false / Char – 16 – 0 to 65535
Byte – 8 – -128 to +127 / Short – 16 - -32,768 to +32,767 / Int – 32 - -232 to +232-1
Long – 64 - -264 to +264-1 / Float – 32 /Double – 64
Garbage collection in Java  Automatically removing of objects created, which are not
using anymore.
Top level elements appears in a file 
Package declarations /Import statements /Class definitions
Identifier is a word used by a programmer to name a variable, method class or label.
Declaring Variables  Type identifier; / Type identifier=initial value;
Java Virtual Machine(JVM) –set of computer software programs & data structures that
use a virtual machine model for the execution of other computer programs and scripts.
Java Runtime Environment(JRE) –A runtime environment which implements Java
Virtual Machine, & provides all class libraries & other facilities necessary to execute
Java programs.
Java Development Kit(JDK) –The basic tools necessary to compile, document, and
package Java programs (javac, javadoc, and jar, respectively).
Application Programming Interface (API) –Contains predefined classes and interfaces
for developing Java programs.
Features of java  simple, portable, robust, distributed
components ◦The Java Virtual Machine
◦The Java Application Programming Interface (API)
Variables  are locations in memory in which values can be stored.
Reference types (composite)  Objects / Arrays
Escape Sequence Characters \t tab, \b Backspace, \n new line, \r carriage return, \’
single quote, \” double quote, \\ backslash, \f form feed

 Constructor – is a special method which initializes an object immediately upon

creation.
Operator  is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform a specific mathematical or
logical manipulation. ( < > = ! ~ ? : ->)
General classes of operators:  arithmetic, bitwise, relational, logical
Separators (punctuators)  ( ) { } [ ] ; , . ... @ ::
Control statements  are the statements used to control the flow of execution of the
program.
Control structure  sequence, selection, iteration
BufferedReader  A class which reads text from a character-input stream
Polymorphism  is a feature that allows you to provide a single interface to varying
entities of the same type.
implement polymorphism methods Overloading , Overriding
Abstraction in Java oop  Hiding the implementation details of objects from users.
Achieving abstraction methods  Inherit Abstract class / Implement Interfaces
Exception in Java  is run time error
Packages in Java  is a mechanism to encapsulate a group of classes, interfaces and sub
packages.
Java virtual machine  collection of software component that enables a computers to
run a java program.
Major component in JDK  compiler(javac), interpreter(java), JRE,Archiver(jar),
Documentation generator(javadoc)
Explicit casting  is required when assigning a large data type to smaller data type.
Iterative structure A programme construct which execute same set of instruction
repetitively
Advantages of usingiterative structure  Reduce code, save programmer time, able to
use same variable, easy to design the structure of logic.
Different While and Do While loop 
 In while loop if the connection is true then only statements in the loop will be executed.
In do while loop statements within the do block are always executed at leastonce.
 In while loop condition is tested at the beginning of the loop.in do while loop
condition is tested at the end of the logic.
Different int and integer  int is a primitive data type. Integer is wrapper type object
Different overloading and overriding 
Performed within class occurs in two class –is a relationship
Parameter must be different parameter must be same
Different if and switch
Can test many variable only one variable
Any data type byte, short, char, int
Can use <>== !=… only checks equality
Slower than switch faster switch operation
Interface  is collection of abstract methods, which must be implemented by the class
for inheriting interface functionality.
Javax.swing package  API for providing a user interface for java programs.it provides
lightweight components such as JButton, JTextField, jMenu, JTextAria etc..
SetBounds  Specify the position and size of the GUI component.(int x, int y, )
SetSize  is used to set the size of the component. (int width, int height)
Event listenerprocedure or function in computer program that wait for event to occu
Wrapper class  provides the mechanism to convert primitive into object & object into
primitive. (wrapper classes: Boolean, character, byte, short, long)
OOP Concept  inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, abstraction
Inheritance  is a relationship extend keyword. code reuse.
Abstract class  is a template definition of methods and variables of a class that
contains one or more abstracted methods.
Concrete class  is a class that has an implementation for all of its methods that were
inherited from abstract or implemented via interface.
Thread  is a lightweight process
Access modifiers  public, protected, private
Final keyword in java  final variable, final methods, final classes
Static keyword in java  blocks, variable, methods, nested classes

Switch syntax : IF syntax : For loop:

switch (expression) { If (condition) { For (expression1;
Case x: // block of code; expression2; expression3)
//code ; {
}
Break; //code block to execute;
Else {
Default: }
//block code
//code block; }
}

While loop: While (condition) { // code block to be execute; }

Do while loop: do {// code block to be execute ; } While (condition)
Try catch: try { //code to try } catch (exception e) //code to handle errors }
Condition operator: expression?statement 1 : statement 2;
Array  Container object that holds a fixed number of values of a same type
Array Syntax  data_type[] array_name;
Literal  is the source code representation of a value of a primitive type , the String
type, or the null type.
– IntegerLiteral – FloatingPointLiteral – BooleanLiteral – CharacterLiteral