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Lambdas and Functional Interfaces in Java 8 - Shaikh

Lambdas and functional interfaces are key features introduced in Java 8 that enable functional programming paradigms. Lambdas allow for anonymous functions represented by a parameter list, arrow, and body. Functional interfaces provide a contract for lambda expressions, having exactly one abstract method. Examples demonstrate using lambda expressions with interfaces like Greeting and built-in interfaces like Predicate, Function, and Consumer to make code more concise and reusable. Lambdas and functional interfaces promote more expressive, modular code by eliminating anonymous classes and providing clear behavior contracts.

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45 views

Lambdas and Functional Interfaces in Java 8 - Shaikh

Lambdas and functional interfaces are key features introduced in Java 8 that enable functional programming paradigms. Lambdas allow for anonymous functions represented by a parameter list, arrow, and body. Functional interfaces provide a contract for lambda expressions, having exactly one abstract method. Examples demonstrate using lambda expressions with interfaces like Greeting and built-in interfaces like Predicate, Function, and Consumer to make code more concise and reusable. Lambdas and functional interfaces promote more expressive, modular code by eliminating anonymous classes and providing clear behavior contracts.

Uploaded by

Java Developer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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**Lambdas and Functional Interfaces in Java 8**

Lambdas and functional interfaces are key features introduced in Java 8 that enable the
adoption of functional programming paradigms within the Java language. This combination
allows for more concise and expressive code, improving readability and facilitating the
development of more modular and reusable components.

**Lambdas:**
A lambda expression is an anonymous function that can be used to represent a block of code. It
is characterized by the use of the "->" arrow operator and consists of parameters, an arrow, and
a body. Lambdas can be assigned to functional interfaces, making it easy to pass behavior as a
parameter to methods.

**Functional Interfaces:**
A functional interface is an interface that has exactly one abstract method. Java 8 introduced
the `@FunctionalInterface` annotation to ensure that an interface qualifies as a functional
interface. Functional interfaces provide a single entry point for lambda expressions and method
references.

**Example 1: Lambda Expression**


```java
// Traditional way to define an interface and its implementation
interface Greeting {
void greet(String message);
}

public class LambdaExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
// Using a lambda expression to implement the interface
Greeting greeting = message -> System.out.println("Hello, " + message);

greeting.greet("World"); // Output: Hello, World


}
}
```

**Example 2: Using Functional Interfaces**


```java
import java.util.function.*;

public class FunctionalInterfaceExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
// Using the Predicate functional interface
Predicate<Integer> isEven = number -> number % 2 == 0;
System.out.println(isEven.test(4)); // Output: true

// Using the Function functional interface


Function<Integer, Integer> square = number -> number * number;
System.out.println(square.apply(5)); // Output: 25

// Using the Consumer functional interface


Consumer<String> printUpperCase = str -> System.out.println(str.toUpperCase());
printUpperCase.accept("hello"); // Output: HELLO
}
}
```

**Notes:**

1. Lambdas promote more concise and expressive code by eliminating the need to write
anonymous inner classes for simple functions.
2. Functional interfaces provide a clear contract for the behavior a lambda expression or method
reference should exhibit.
3. The `@FunctionalInterface` annotation ensures that the interface adheres to the single
abstract method requirement, preventing accidental addition of extra methods.
4. Lambdas are particularly useful in stream operations, allowing for cleaner code when working
with collections.
5. Care should be taken when using lambdas with mutable variables from the surrounding
context to avoid unexpected behavior in multithreaded scenarios.
6. Java 8 introduced several built-in functional interfaces like `Predicate`, `Function`,
`Consumer`, and more, which can be utilized in various scenarios to promote code reusability
and modularity.

Lambdas and functional interfaces fundamentally changed the way Java developers approach
certain programming patterns, making code more expressive, modular, and functional-oriented.

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