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The document discusses fundamentals of vibrations including topics like vibration systems, degrees of freedom, damping, resonance, forced and free vibrations. It provides examples of continuous and discrete systems and steps for modeling vibration problems including mathematical modeling, governing equations derivation and solution methods.

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amalina
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8 views

61ea650a55fa0 1

The document discusses fundamentals of vibrations including topics like vibration systems, degrees of freedom, damping, resonance, forced and free vibrations. It provides examples of continuous and discrete systems and steps for modeling vibration problems including mathematical modeling, governing equations derivation and solution methods.

Uploaded by

amalina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vibrations

1.2 Fundamental of Vibrations


Students will be able to:

• Identify the

• Identify the
• Discuss relation
.
A general vibratory system includes means:

(1)For storing potential energy (elasticity)

(2) For storing kinetic energy ( mass, inertia)

(3) By which energy is lost (damping)


Example of Continuous
system:

of degrees of freedom system


are termed or systems
of degrees of freedom are
termed or parameter systems
More accurate results obtained by
:
A system is after
an and
acts on the system. E.g. simple
pendulum

A system that is
E.g. arises from
diesel engines
occurs when the frequency of the
external force with
of the system.
When is in
friction or other resistance during oscillations

When is in
friction or other resistance during oscillations
If of the components

When of a vibratory
system, i.e. the spring, the mass and the
damper
If the of the excitation
(force or motion) acting on a vibratory
system is at any given

When the at a
given time
System of 1 Physical 2 3 Solution to 4
Governing
Interest Model Equations GE

1. Use to

, employ F  ma and M p  I p a
3. Solve , , computationally etc.

as necessary.
• Step 1 : Mathematical Modeling
– What do we include in our model?
• For example considering an
, do we model the vehicle as a
?
• How do we ?
• The ?
• The tires? etc.

• Step 2: Derivation of Governing Equations


– Given the above modeling assumptions,
– What physical laws do we use to obtain a
mathematical model?
• Step 3: Solution of the Governing
Equations
– Can we solve the mathematical model in Closed
form?
– Approximately?
– Numerically?
• Step 4: Interpretation of Results
– What information does the analysis of our model
provide?
– Is it consistent we experimental results?
– Can we this information to predict future behavior or
design a better system?
 Example of the modeling of a forging hammer:
Develop a sequence of
for investigating vibration in the
vertical direction. Consider the
, (in the
vertical direction), , and

.
Start with the and it gradually.
When the equivalent values of the
of the system are used,

(keq)
includes the stiffness of the
tires, struts, and rider

(ceq) includes the


damping of the struts and the
rider

(meq)
includes the mass of the
SDOF model of the wheels, vehicle body and
motorcycle with a rider the rider
Previous model can be by representing the
, , and
separately

Mass of the vehicle body (mv)

Mass of the rider (mr)

Mass of the wheel (mw)


• Damping is for an accurate
prediction of of the
system
• Damper is assumed to have

exists only if there is


between two ends of the
damper.
• Damping element is an element that resists
it.
• Dashpot or damper is the basis of a
dx
F0  cv  cx  c
dt
developed in the fluid layer at
a distance y from the fixed plate is:
du
 
dy
where du/dy = v/h is the velocity gradient.
developed at
the bottom surface of the moving plate is:
Av
F  A    cv
h
Where is the surface area of the moving plate
A
and c  is the damping constant
h
and A
c
h
c is called the damping constant.
If a damper is , the operating
velocity (v*) and the equivalent damping
constant is:

dF
c
dv v*
– Due to the internal molecular friction of the material of the
structure
– Due to the connections inherent in a structural system

– Occurs in a system vibrating in a fluid.


– Very important
– Damping in our study normally considered to be viscous type
unless otherwise specified.
Damping force, F0  cv  cx  c
dx
dt

– Occurs when the motion of the body is on a dry surface


Damping force, F0  N
Velocity 900 out of phase with displacement and
acceleration 1800 out of phase with the displacement
•

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