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Selenium Untit

The document discusses automating testing of web applications using the Selenium tool, describing how the course will teach students to automate any web application by identifying page elements, writing test scripts for different testing types, and integrating Selenium with other tools. Students will learn automation testing fundamentals and how to create automated test frameworks using Selenium, Page Object Modeling, and TestNG. r

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Selenium Untit

Uploaded by

Mahesh

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Course Name : Automation testing with Selenium Tool

Why you should learn Automation Testing ?

-----------------------------------------
• Get Instant ROI and cost effective
• Time Saving and Obtain Faster Resuls
• Upskill yourself To be with the trend
• Meet Strict Deadlines and get more happy clients.
• Perform tasks impossible with manual testing
• Avoid Repetitive tasks and utilize time productively.

What you will learn by the end of this course ?

------------------------------------------------
• By the end of this course you can automate any Web Appication
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• You will be proficient in identifying the elemnts on the webpage and

performing various actons on the elements
• You will be able to write test scripts for various testing types with
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verification
• You will be familiar with the frameworks applied in the industry
• You will be able to write efficient codes applying Code reusability
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• You will be able to integrate various Third party tools with Selenium
Tool
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Description: Automation testing on a software is the best way to increase

the effectiveness, efficiency and coverage of your software testing Once

automated tests are created they can easily be repeated.
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This course helps you gain knowledge theoretically and practically that
can be applied on real time Softwares. In this course, we use Seleniu
WebDriver as an Automation testing tool.
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Automation Testing
A4

• What is Automation testing ?

• When we switch to Automation testing ?
• Why Automation testing (Advantages) ?
• Disadvantages
• Automation Testing Tools

Selenium
• What is Selenium ?
• Why Selenium (Advantages) ?
• What are its versions ?
• What all OS, Browsers and Programming Languages it support ?

001
• Java-Selenium Architecture
• WebDriver Architecture
• Basic Selenium Program to open and close browser
• Rntime Polymorphism Program in Selenium
• WebDriver abstract methods
• Locatos
• Xpath, its types and cases

• Handling Multiple Elements

• Handling Synchronisation issue by using implicitly Wait and
explicitly Wait
• Handling Dropdown (static and dynamic)
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• Handling keyboard and Mouse actions

• Taking Screenshot
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• Handling Disabled Element

• Peforming Scroll down Action
• WebElement Interface Methods
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• Handling Popups (web-based and Window-based)

• Handling Frames
• Handling New Windows/New Tabs
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AUTOMATION FRAMEWORK
=> Stages and Types of Framework
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=> Explanation of Hybrid Framework with a combination of

• Data-Driven
• Keyword-Driven
• Method-Driven
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- POM(Page Object model)

• TestNG
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- Fetching TestNG Report

- Batch Execution
- TestNG Flags and Annotations
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- Assertion
- Grouping Execution
- Data Parameterisation
- Data driven through DataProvider
- Parallel Execution
- Distibuted parallel Execution
- Cross Browser Parallel Execution
• Modular Frameworks
• Hybrid Framework
=> Hybrid Framework Architecture
=> Introduction to Maven, GitHub and Jenkins

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• BMS - Book My Show application

• BBT - Black Box Testing
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• WBT - White Box Testing

• MT - Manual Testing
• AT - Automation Testing
• GUI - Graphical User Interface
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• Src Code - Source Code

• HTML - Hyper text Markup Language

• Anything which is present on the webpage is known as WebElements /

WebComponents

• WebElements :- Link, textbox, radio button, checkbox, button,

dropdown, Images, textarea, popups, frames, text

• These elements are developed by using HTML

• If we want to create any of the WebElements, we need 3 things :

1. tag
2. attribute
3. text

003
Example to create a link :
--------------------------
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href='Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. </a>
</body>
</html>
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• a means anchor

-----------
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26-09-2020
-----------
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• Tag should be enclosed within angular brackets

<html> <a> <span> <div> <input> <select>
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• Attributes are defining characteristics of an element

e.g: id, name, class, title, value, placeholder, href
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• Text should be written either before starting angular brackets or

after ending angular brackets

<span> Hello <span>
Hi<span></span>
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• Start from <html> tag

Include <head> and <body> tags
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• Inside the <head> tag we use <title> tag to provide title of the
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webpage

• Inside <body> tag we write all the elements

• To create link we use anchor tag <a> and compulsory attribute called
'href' (href means hyper reference) where we provide address of
landing page

• To break the line and write element in next linewe use break rule <br>

• To include simple text we can use <span> <p> (paragraph) <div>

(division)

004
• To give tooltip (info about the element) we use 'title' attribute

Elements tag Compulsory attribute

link <a> href='address of landing page'

Normal TextBox <input> type='text'

password textbox <input> type='password'

Checkbox <input> type='checkbox'

radio button <input> type='radio' name='some value'

value should be same for every radio button
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button <input> type='button' value='some text'

what we expect on button
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DropDown <select> NA

Optons of DropDown <option> NA

table <table> NA

table head <thead> NA

table body <tbody> NA

table row <tr> NA

table data <td> NA

Paragraph <p> NA

Image <img> src='path of image'

• different links in seperate lines using break, using title attribute

and dropdown
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href='https://www.google.com' id='i1' name='n1' class='c1'
value='v1'>Google </a> <br>

005
<a href='https://www.google.com' id='i2' name='n2' class='c2'
value='v2'>Google </a> <br>
<a href='https://www.facebook.com' title='click here to go to facebook
page'>Facebook </a>
<select name='month'>
<option> </option>
<option>JAN </option>
<option>FEB </option>
<option>MAR </option>
<option>APR </option>
<option>MAY </option>
<option>JUN </option>
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<option>JUL </option>
</select>
</body>
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</html>

• Creating a Signup page

<html>
<head>
<title>My Registration Page</title>
</head>
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<body>
<marquee> Ravi kiran </marquee>
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<h1> My WebPage </h1>

<h2> My WebPage </h2>
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<h3> My WebPage </h3>

<h4> My WebPage </h4>
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<h5> My WebPage </h5><br><br>

<b><span> I dont know what to write <span></b><br><br>
Username<input type='text'></input><br>
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Password<input type='password'></input><br>
<input type='radio' name='gender'>MALE</input><br>
<input type='radio'name='gender'>FEMALE</input><br>
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<input type='radio'name='gender'>NOT SURE</input><br>

<input type='checkbox'>Manual Testing</input><br>
<input type='checkbox'>SQL</input><br>
<input type='checkbox'>Core JAVA</input><br>
<input type='checkbox'>Automation Testing</input><br>
<input type='button' value='Signup'></input><br>
</body>
</html>

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Automation Testing:
• Process of tesing the functionality of an application, by the help
of automation tools is known as Automation Testing.
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(or)
• Converting manual testcases into automaton scripts, executing them
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through a framework and getting test results is known as Automation

Testing.
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Why we switch to Automation Testing ? (or)

Advantages of Automation Testing ?

----------------------------------------
1. We switch to Automaton testing when we have to do regression testing
CS

2. While regression testing, there are lot of repetative tasks, and

performing them manually is a boring job.
3. Also in regression when the product also increases, time taken to test
A4

also will increase. Hence, we switch to automation to reduce the time

taken for testing.
4. To reduce the manpower/number of resources.
5. To obtan the test results faster.
6. To get quick ROI(Returns On Investment)
7. We can expect accurate results.
8. Due to tough competition, software companies need to deliver high
quality product within less time. Hence, we switch to Automation
Testing.

007
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• We cannot automate progression testing, because we don't know the flow
of the functionality testng.
• We sart automating from the second release.
• Anything which is completely dynamic cannot be automated.
Ex: Pc-games, OTPs

Drawbacks/Limitations of Automation Testing

--------------------------------------------
• 100% Automation testing is not possible.
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• Anything which is completely dynamic cannot be automated.

• Anything which requires manual intervention(interaction) cannot be
automated.
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eg, what all cannot be AUTOMATED.........

1.OTP, CAPTCHA
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2.Making Payments through swiping the Debit/Credit card

3.Barcode scanner, QR code Scanning
4.Animation
5.Testing the quality of audio/video
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6.Game Testing
• We need skilled resources to do automation testing.
• Cost involved in Automation testing is more compared to manual
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testing, because of tools are licensed and automation skilled

resources are paid higher.

• We can't automate an unstable product, we have o wait for the product
to become stable.(newly built features will not be automated)
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=> free is different and Open source is different

=> Open source :- The source code is visible to all of us.

=> But, Selenium is both free and Open Source.
A4

• Jason Huggins - 2004 - Comapny:Thoughtworks, place:Chicago,USA

• JavaScript
• JavascriptTestRunner

=> Mercury is a licensed Testing tool , for this a competitive testing

tool came into market that is Selenium

• Selenium is a free Open Source, Web-Application Automation tool.

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What is Selenium ?
Selenium is a free, Open-Source, Web-based Application automation tool.

It can be downloaded from https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

Source code is visible from

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium
https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/master/java/client/src/org
G.

/openqa/selenium

Selenium Developed by Jason Huggins in 2004 in ThoughtWorks company in

Chicago, USA
Earlier name --> 'JavaScriptTestRunner'
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To compete with HP-Mercury automation tool, renamed tool as 'Selenium'

Selenium Versions / Selenium Components / Selenium Flavors

-----------------------------------------------------------
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• Selenium Core
• Selenium IDE - Record and play back tool
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• Selenium RC(Remote Control) / Selenium-1

• Selenium WebDriver/Selenium-2 --- 2007,developed by Google

current version 3.141.59 -- version 4 in alpha stage
• Selenium Grid
_K

• Appium - automating mobile applications

• Winnium - automating window applications
CS

Note:
-----
A4

Selenese: selenium Commands which are used in Selenium IDE.

• Selenium supports all the Programming languages

Java, C#, Javascript, Perl, Ruby, Python, R, TCL, Elixir, Haskell

• Selenium supports all the Browsers

Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Safari

• Selenium supports all the OS like windows, Mac, Linux but except for
unix

009
RC Drawback :
------------
1. We need a server without which automation is not possible
2. Same Origin Policy
www.google.com //Automation possible
www.google.com/search.html //Automation possible
www.google.com/goToLink.com //Automation possible
www.google.com/maps //Automation possible
www.youtube.com //Automation not possible

Tools
------
G.

Automation Testing Tools:

-------------------------
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Selenium, QTP(Quick Test Professional), TestOptimize, SilkTest, Appium,

Winnium, TestComplete, AutoIT
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Defect Tracking Tools:

----------------------
Jira, Bugzilla, Bugzero, Mantis, Bug-genie, rational clear quest
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Test Management Tools:

----------------------
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Test Rail, Jira, QTest, Test Manager

QC(Quality Center), ALM(Application Lifecycle Management), TestManager
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Performance Testing Tools:

--------------------------
LoadRunner, Jmeter, NeoLoad, Web Load
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They are 3 types of applications -

1. Standalone/Desktop application : chrome, firefox, safari
2. Web application : gmail
A4

3. Client server/Mobile application :

Java-Selenium Architecture
---------------------------
• Selenium WebDriver API communicates with programming language like
java by using JASON(Javascript Object Notation) Wire Protocol.
• These 2 combined communicates with the browsers by using respective
driver exceutible files.

010
Java-Selenium Architecture
---------------------------

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CS
A4

Required Software and files for automating :-

1. JDK
2. IDE(eclipse)
3. Selenium Jar File
4. driver executable file
5. Browser

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Selenium Installation Steps :-

----------------------------

follow the below link

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OqGqC_xj3UKoZFfaurNkovgvtjyuME-r/view
?usp=sharing

• How to open chrome browser using selenium ?

package qsp;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class LaunchBrowserTest {
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public static void main(String[] args) {

//For every Browser --> class
//chrome ---> ChromeDriver
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//Firefox --->FirefoxDriver

//Set System Property

//key --> type of browser

String key="webdriver.chrome.driver";
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//value --> path to the driver executable files

String value="E:<Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.>";
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System.setProperty(key, value);
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//Open the Chrome browser

//In selenium --> Just create an object of ChromeDriver class
new ChromeDriver().close();
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}}
A4

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• How to open Firefox browser without using system property ?

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- by keeping geckodriver.exe directly under automation folder, we can open

Firefox browser without using system property.
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_K

• How to open Firefox browser with using system property ?

package qsp;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
A4

public class LaunchFirefoxTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
"E:<Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.>");
new FirefoxDriver();
}}

013
G.

• Opening Firefox browser using shortcut for value in System property.

package qsp;
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import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class LaunchFirefoxTest {
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public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",".\\drivers\\geckodri
ver.exe");
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new FirefoxDriver();
}}
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• Opening both chrome and firefox browsers at a time.

package qsp;
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import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
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public class LaunchBrowserTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
A4

String key="webdriver.chrome.driver";
String value="E:<Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.>";
System.setProperty(key, value);
new ChromeDriver().close();

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",".\\drivers\\geckodri
ver.exe");
FirefoxDriver firefox = new FirefoxDriver();
firefox.close();
}}

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WebDriver Architecture
-----------------------
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• SearchContext is the Supermost interface, WebDriver interface

extends it and all the 13 abstract methods of WebDriver are given

implementation in RemoteWebDriver Class and all those concrete

methods are overridden in respective browser classes like
ChromeDriver Class, FirefoxDriver Class etc.
_K
CS

• As a Selenium standard, we always upcast our browser classes to

WebDriver interface to achieve -
1. Generalization
A4

2. Runtime polymorphism(at runtime I can decide in which browser

my code will run)
3. To get all those 13 methods required for automation testing.

015
package qsp; //Ex
import java.util.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class RuntimepolymorphismInSelenium {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver;
System.out.println("Enter Browser Name :");
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
String browserName = sc.next();
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if(browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome"))
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","./drivers/chromedri
{
ver.exe");
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driver=new ChromeDriver();
}
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else if(browserName.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","./drivers/geckodrive
r.exe");
driver=new FirefoxDriver();
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}
}}
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A4

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WebDriver Abstract Methods(Browser Window Related Methods)

------------------------------------------------------------
Initiation get(String url) void

Page Verification Methods/Data getCurrentUrl() String

Capture Methods

Page Verification Methods/Data getPageSource() String

Capture Methods
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Page Verification Methods/Data getTitle() String

Capture Methods
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Data Capture Methods getWindowHandle() String

Data Capture Methods getWindowHandles() Set<String>

Browser Window Handling Methods manage() Options

Navigation Method navigate() Navigation

Inspection Methods findElement(By arg) WebElement

Inspection Methods findElements(By arg) List<WebElement>

Control Switching Method switchTo() TargetLocator

Termination Methods close() void

Termination Methods quit() void

1. get(String url) : used to enter the URL

2. getCurrentUrl() : used to get the URL of the Current WebPage

3. getPageSource() : used to get the Source code of the Current WebPage

4. getTitle() : used to get the title of the Current WebPage

5. getWindowHandle() : used to get the window handle of the current

browser window

6. getWindowHandles() : used to get the window handle of all the browser

windows

017
7. manage() : used to manage browser window

8. navigate() : used to navigate from ome page to another, previous page,

next page, can refresh current WebPage

9. findElement(By arg) : find a particular element on the WebPage

10.findElements(By arg) : find multiple elements on the WebPage

11.switchTo() : used to switch our control from WebPage to popups,

frames, windows etc
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12.close() : close the current browser window

13.quit() : close all the browser windows opened by selenium

package qsp; //Ex-1

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
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import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class WebDriverMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
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"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
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//enter the test url

driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
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String url = driver.getCurrentUrl();

System.out.println(url);

String pgSrc = driver.getPageSource();

System.out.println(pgSrc);

String title = driver.getTitle();

System.out.println(title);

if(title.equals("Google"))
{
System.out.println("Google Page is Displayed, Test Step PASSED");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Google Page is not Displayed, Test Step
FAILED");
}
}}

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-----------

package qsp; //Ex

import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class WebDriverMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
G.

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
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//enter the test url

driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
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//To maximize the browser window

driver.manage().window().maximize();

Thread.sleep(3000);
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// //enter the url

// driver.navigate().to("https://accounts.google.com");
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//
// Thread.sleep(3000);
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// //navigate to previous page

// driver.navigate().back();
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//
// Thread.sleep(3000);
// //navigate to next page
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// driver.navigate().forward();
//
// Thread.sleep(3000);
A4

// //Refresh the current page

// driver.navigate().refresh();

//method Chaining
//Return type of current method should be same as parent of
next

//To change the size of the browser window

Dimension d=new Dimension(600,200);
driver.manage().window().setSize(d);
Thread.sleep(3000);

019
//To change the position of the browser window
Point p=new Point(500,600);
driver.manage().window().setPosition(p);

//To delete all the cookies stored by the browser window

driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
}}

** Differences between get() and navigate()

S.No get() navigate()

1. Enter URL Enter URL

Navigate to Previous Page

Navigate toNext Page
Refresh the Current Page
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2. get() will not take advantage of navigate() will take advantage of

Browser History Browser History
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3. get() will wait until complete page navigate() will not wait until
is loaded complete page is loaded
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CS
A4

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• Before performing action on any element, first we should locate the

element on webpage.
• Hence to find its address we have findElement() method and
findElements() method inside WebDriver interface.

1. findElement() method of WebDriver interface is used to get the address

of first matching element on the webpage.
2. Return type of findElement() method is WebElement interface.
G.

3. If findElement() method is not able to find the element on the webpage

then we get NoSuchElementException.
4. findElement() method takes locators as its argument.
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What are Locators ?

Definition:
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1. Locators are static methods of abstract 'By' class.

2. Locators are used to locate one or more elemens on the webpage.
3. Locators act as argument for findElement() and finElements().
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Types of Locators :-
-------------------
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1. tagName(String arg)
2. id(String arg)
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3. name(String arg)
4. className(String arg)
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5. linkText(String arg)
6. partialLinkText(String arg)
7. cssSelector(String arg)
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8. xpath(String arg)

package qsp;
A4

//Ex
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class Locators {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","./drivers/chromedriver.exe");

021
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("file:///E:/Qspiders%20Selenium/.html/demo.html");
Thread.sleep(2000);

// Locators - Static methods of abstract 'By' Class

// WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.tagName("a"));
// System.out.println(ele);
// ele.click();

// driver.findElement(By.id("i2")).click();
G.

// driver.findElement(By.name("n2")).click();

// driver.findElement(By.className("c2")).click();
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driver.findElement(By.linkText("Google")).click();
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// <a>Inbox(30)</a> partially dynamic link

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Inbox(25)")); //Wrong

// What is partially dynamic link ?

// Link in which a part of it is static and part of it is dynamic

// How to handle partially dynamic link ?

// By using partialLinkText, partialLinkText means part of the
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complete linktext
// wherein we use static part and ignore dynamic part
_K

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Inbox"));
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// Bhanuprakasha - linkText
//
// partialLinkText
A4

// Bhanu
// prakash //uses of 'partialLinkText' locator
// akash 1.To handle partially dynamic links
// asha 2.To avoid writing lengthy linktexts
// anu
// hanu
// anup

// driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("akash"));

}
}

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• In the above code, to create a link we use <a> tag and mandatory
attribute called 'href' but other attributes like id, name, class,
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value, title are optional.

• So, in selenium we can use features like tag, attributes like id, name
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and class and text to identify the element on the webpage.

• So accordng to above example -

1. tagName("a") - we use tagName of the element
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2. id("i1") - we use id of the element

3. name("n1") - we use name of the element

4. className("c1") - we use class of the element

5. linkText("Googly") - Here we use text but make sure element is

'link' only
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6. partialLinkText("Go") - Here we use a part of the complete

linktext
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7. cssSelector - Here we can identify any element by giving both

tag and attribute
• Syntax: tagName[AtributeName='AttributeValue']
• Example: a[href='https://www.google.com']
• Example: a[id='i1']
• Example: a[name='n1']
• Example: a[class='c1']
• Example: a[value='v1']
• Example: a[title='t1']

023
• Shortcuts of Css Selector :-

• Shortcut for id is #
div[id='i1']
div#i1
#i1

• Shortcut for class is .

div[class='c2']
div.c2
.c2
G.

• To VERIFY the cssSelector expression and xpath expression,

we download an add-on for FIREFOX browser called 'Try Xpath'
• Steps to downlaod and how to use 'Try Xpath'
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a. open Firefox browser --> Go to google and type 'download

try xpath for firefox'
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b. Click on 'Add to Firefox' button and click on 'Add'

button
c. Try xpath will be installed and visible at top right
corner of firefox browser
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d. Click on TX icon on top right corner

e. For verifying cssSelector expression, change Way to
'QuerySelectorAll'
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f. Write the cssSelector expression and click on execute

button

Limitation of CssSelector :
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• To use cssSelector minimum 1 attribute should be present

which is unique, if no attribute is present, we can't use
cssSelector because cssSelector does not support text.
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8. xpath -
A4

• xpath is the path travelled in the HTML tree to find an element

• xpath is one of the locator which covers all possible ways
to find an element
• There are two types of xpath -
1. Absolute xpath
2. Relative xpath

024
Absolute xpath means complete path we travel from start(html) element to
--> it is achieved by '/' (Single Forward Slash) --> immediate
child/immediate descendant

HTML Code //Ex

<div>
A<input type='text'></input>
B<input type='text'></input>
</div>
G.

<div>
V<input type='text'></input>
Ra

D<input type='text'></input>
</div>
vi

</body>
</html>

HTML Tree Structure

--------------------
r

html [1]
body [1]
an

div [1]
input A [1]
_K

input B [2]
div [1]
input V [1]
CS

input D [2]

Elements Absolute xpath

ABVD html/body/div/input

AB html/body/div[1]/input

A html/body/div[1]/input[1]

AV html/body/div/input[1]

BV html/body/div[1]/input[2] | html/body/div[2]/input[1]

025
-----------
12-10-2020
-----------

Relative xpath :
• Shortest path of element in HTML Tree
• // means any child or any descendant

HTML Tree Structure

html [1]
body [1]
G.

div [1]
input A [1]
input B [2]
Ra

div [1]
input V [1]
input D [2]
vi

Elements Relative xpath

ABVD //input

AB //div[1]/input
r an

A //div[1]/input[1]

AV //input[1]
_K

BV //div[1]/input[2] | //div[2]/input[1]
CS

AD //div[1]/input[1] | //div[2]/input[2]
A4

Cases of Relative xpath:

Case 1: xpath by unique attribute

Syntax: //tagName[@AttributeName='AtributeValue']

Ex-1://div[@id='SIvCob'] ---> https://www.google.com/

Ex-2://p[@class='login'] ---> https://www.skillrary.com/user/login
Ex-3://span[@class='icp-nav-link-inner'] ---> https://www.amazon.in/

026
Case 2: xpath by text() function
Syntax: //tagName[text()='textValue']

Ex-1://a[text()='Images'] ---> https://www.google.com/

Ex-2://label[text()='Do you have group code?']
---> https://www.skillrary.com/user/login
Ex-3://a[text()='Amazon Pay'] ---> https://www.amazon.in/

<div fn='Deepika' ln='padukone'>

<div fn='Deepika' ln'Rai'>
<div fn='Aishwarya' ln='Rai'>
G.

//div[@fn='Deepika'] ----> 2
//div[@ln='Rai'] ----> 2
//div[@fn='Deepika' and @ln='Rai'] ----> 1
Ra

Case 3: xpath by multiple attributes

Syntax:
vi

• UniqueElement(and): //tagName[@attr1='attrVal' and

@attr2='attrVal' and .....]
• ManyElements(or): //tagName[@attr1='attrVal' or @attr2='attrVal' or
.....]
Ki

Ex-1://input[@class='RNmpXc' or @type='submit']
r

---> https://www.google.com/
Ex-2://input[@id='groupcode' and @type='text']
an

---> https://www.skillrary.com/user/login
Ex-3://span[@class='a-size-base' and text()='4GB RAM+ 64GB Storage']
_K

---> https://www.amazon.in/
CS
A4

027
-----------
13-10-2020
-----------
<div id='ui-id-1'>
<div id='ui-id-2'>
<div id='ui-id-3'>
<div id='ui-id-4'>
<div id='ui-id-5'>

Case 4: xpath by contains() function

Syntax: //tagName[contains(@attrName,'AttrValue')]
G.

Write xpath expression to match all the above five

1. Handle Parially Dynamic Elements
//div[contains(@id,'ui-id')]
Ra

2. Avoid Writing lengthy text

//p[contains(text(),'Uttara Karnataka')]
---> http://yuvadhwaja.in/initiatives.html
vi

3. Avoid Spaces present in the values

//div[contains(text(),'Login']

Case 5: xpath by axis(Relationship)

Travel from Parent ---> Child

parent element/descendant::child element

Travel from Child ---> Parent
an

child element/ancestor::parent element

Travel from one element --->next element of same parent
_K

element/following-sibling::next element
Travel from one element ---> previous element of same parent
element/preceding-sibling::previous element
CS

<html>
<body>
A4

028
<td>F</td>
<td>G</td>
<td>H</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

HTML Tree Structure :

html
G.

body
table
tbody
Ra

tr 't1'
td A
td B
vi

td C
td D
tr 't2'
td E
Ki

td F
td G
r

td H
an

1. html to body ---> //html/descendant::body

2. html to tbody ---> //html/descendant::tbody
_K

3. html to B ---> //html/descendant::td[text()='B']

4. tbody to G ---> //tbody/descendant::td[text()='G']
5. t1 to A,B,C,D ---> //tr[@id='t1']/descendant::td
CS

6. E to t2 ---> //td[text()='E']/ancestor::tr[@id='t2']
7. t1 to body ---> //tr[@id='t1']/ancestor::body
A4

8. C to html ---> //td[text()='C']/ancestor::html

9. A to B ---> //td[text()='A']/following-sibling::td[text()='B']
10. A to B,C,D ---> //td[text()='A']/following-sibling::td
11. F to H ---> //td[text()='F']/following-sibling::td[text()='H']
12. A to C,D ---> //td[text()='A']/following-sibling::td[text()='C' or
text()='D']

13. G to F ---> //td[text()='G']/preceding-sibling::td[text()='F']

14. D to A ---> //td[text()='D']/preceding-sibling::td[text()='A']
15. H to F,G ---> //td[text()='H']/preceding-sibling::td[text()='F' or
text()='G']

029
-----------
14-10-2020
-----------

Cousin
B to F --->
• //td[text()='B']/ancestor::tr/following-sibling::tr[@id='t2']/des
cendant::td[text()='F']
• //td[text()='B']/ancestor::tbody/descendant::td[text()='F']

Uncle
G to t1 --->
G.

• //td[text()='G']/ancestor::tr/preceding-sibling::tr
• //td[text()='G']/ancestor::tbody/descendant::tr[@id='t1']
Ra
vi

Case 6: xpath by Dependant and independant element

or
xpath by reference of surrounding unique element
Ki

ex-1: Real-time example from https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

Ruby Download
Java Download
r

Python Download
an

C# Download
JS Download
• //td[text()='Java']/following-sibling::td[@data-label='Links']/de
_K

scendant::a[text()='Download']
• //td[text()='Java']/ancestor::tr/descendant::a[text()='Download']
CS

• //td[text()='Java']/..//a[text()='Download']

ex-2: Real-time example from

https://www.flipkart.com/mobiles/pr?sid=tyy%2C4io&p%5B%5D=facets.brand
%255B%255D%3DRealme&otracker=nmenu_sub_Electronics_0_Realme
• //div[text()='Motorola']/preceding-sibling::div[@class='_1p7h2j']

030
-----------
15-10-2020
-----------

Case 7: xpath by group index

html [1]
body [1]
div [1]
a [1]
a [2]
a [3]
G.

div [2]
a [1]
a [2]
Ra

a [3]
div [3]
a [1]
vi

a [2]
a [3]

//a --> 9
Ki

//a[1] --> 3
a[1]
r

a[2]
a[3]
an

a[4]
a[5]
_K

a[6]
a[7]
a[8]
CS

a[9]

(//a)[6] --> 1
A4

(//div)[1] --> 1

(//a[@href='index.html'])[1] ---> http://yuvadhwaja.in/

(//a[text()='Download'])[2] ---> https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

• Difference between:- //a, //a[1], (//a)[1]

1. //a - matches all the links on the webpage
2. //a[1] - match all the first links of their parent
3. (//a)[1] - matches very first link of the webpage

031
• //input - matches every input on webpage
• //inpur[1] - matches all the first inputs of their parent
• (//input)[1] - matches very first input of the webpage
• (//input)[last()] - matches very last input
• (//input)[last()-1] - match last but one
• (//input)[position() mod 2 =0] - match all even inputs
• (//input)[position() mod 2 =1] - match all odd inputs

• //* - matches every tag on the whole webpage

• 4 mostly used Locators-

1. id
G.

2. name
3. linktext
Ra

4. xpath

• fastest Locator --> tagName

• slowest Locator --> xpath

• Arranging of fastest to slowest locators :-

id, name, cssSelector, xpath

• most efficient loactor --> xpath

• Differences between cssSelector vs xpath

cssSelector xpath

cssSelector does not support text, it xpath supports text and also
CS

requires atleast one attribute attribute

cssSelector is faster than xpath xpath is slower than cssSelector

cssSelector is xpath is
uni-Directional(forward) Bi-Direcional(forward+backward)

032
-----------
16-10-2020
-----------

TestCase to Login to an Application

------------------------------------

step Action input Expected Result Actual Sta Comme

no Description Result tus nts

1 Open the browser, https://dem Login Page should

Enter the test URL o.actitime. be displayed
G.

com/login.d
o
Ra

2 Enter Valid UN- Home Page(Enter

Username, Time Track
vi

PW-
password and Page)should be
click on login displayed
button
Ki

//Write a selenium program to login to an application

r an

package qsp;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
_K

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
CS

public class LoginTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
A4

//Set the system property

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");

//Open the Browser

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

//Maximize the browser window

driver.manage().window().maximize();

//Enter the test URL

033
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");

//Get the Login page title

String loginTitle = driver.getTitle();

//Verify actual title with expected title

if(loginTitle.equals("actiTIME - Login"))
{
System.out.println("Login Page is Displayed, Test Step PASSED");
}
else
{
G.

System.out.println("Login Page is not Displayed, Test Step FAILED");

}
Ra

Thread.sleep(2000);
//Enter Valid Username in username textbox
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");
vi

Thread.sleep(2000);
//Enter Valid Password in password textbox
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");
Ki

Thread.sleep(2000);
r

//Click on Login Button

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Login ']")).click();
an

Thread.sleep(5000);
_K

//Get Home Page title

String homeTitle = driver.getTitle();
CS

//Verify actual title with expected title

if(homeTitle.equals("actiTIME - Enter Time-Track"))
{
A4

System.out.println("Home Page is Displayed, Test Step PASSED");

}
else
{
System.out.println("Home Page is not Displayed, Test Step FAILED");
}
}}

034
Handling Multiple Elements
---------------------------
1. We Handle multiple Elements by using findElements() method of
WebDriver interface.
2. Return type of findElements() is List<WebElement>
3. If findElements() method is not able to find the elements on the
webpage, then we get emptyList.

Note: If findElement() method is not able to find the element on the

webpage, then we get "NoSuchElementException".

<html>
G.

<body>
<a href='https://demo.actitime.com/login.do'>actitime</a><br>
<a href='https://www.google.com/'>Google</a><br>
Ra

<a href='http://www.yuvadhwaja.in/'>Yuvadhwaja</a><br>
</body>
</html>
vi

package qsp;
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
Ki

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
r

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
an

public class HandlingMultipleElements {

public static void main(String[] args) {
_K

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
CS

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("file:///E:/Qspiders%20Selenium/.html/3links.html
A4

");

//Getting address of Multiple elements

List<WebElement> allLinks = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
//Count Number of elements
System.out.println("Total Links: "+allLinks.size());
//
//Printing text of all elements
// for(int i=0;i<allLinks.size();i++)
// {
// WebElement oneLink = allLinks.get(i);
// String text = oneLink.getText();

035
// System.out.println(text);
// }

//clicking on the last link

allLinks.get(allLinks.size()-1).click();

//Handling Single Element

// WebElement glink = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Google"));
// System.out.println("TagName is: "+glink.getTagName());
// System.out.println("Text is: "+glink.getText());
// System.out.println("Attribute Value is:
"+glink.getAttribute("href"));
G.

}
}
Ra
vi
Ki
r an
_K
CS
A4

036
-----------
17-10-2020
-----------

WebDriver Interface
--------------------
S. findElement() findElements()
No

1. findElement() is used to get the findElements() is used to get the

address of first matching element on address of all the matching
the webpage elements on the webpage
G.

2. Returntype is WebElement interface Returntype is List<WebElement>

3. If findElement() method is not able to If findElements() method is not

find the element on the webpage, we able to find the elements on the
get NoSuchElementException webpage, we get emptyList
vi

Synchronisation:
-----------------
Ki

• Matching the speed of Selenium with the speed of application, to avoid

synchronisation issue is called Synchronization
r

• What is synchronsation issue ?

Selenium is too fast but application might take time to load,

hence this time mismatch is called Synchronisation issue.
_K

• There are two types of waits to match selenium speed -

1. Static wait
CS

2. Dynamic wait

1. Static wait means waiting time is fixed, here we use Thread.sleep(15000)

means compulsorily we have to wait for 15 seconds.

2. Dynamic wait means waiting period is not fixed, it is changing according

to application speed.
• There are two types of Dynamic wait -
1. Implicitlywait
2. Explicitlywait

037
Implicitlywait:
• Here no need to give any condition.
• It will wait for findElement() method and findElements() method
Syntax: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
• here 20 means maximum time until control should wait before giving
NOSuchElementException

Note: implicitlywait statemet can be declared once at the top of the code
which can work for all the findElement() method / findElements() methods

ImplicitlyWait Flow Diagram

----------------------------
Ra
vi
Ki
r an
_K

Explanation of ImplicitlyWait Flow Diagram :

• When the control comes to findElement() / findElements() it will check

whether the element is present or not...if the element is present,

then findElement() will return the address...
A4

• But if element is not present then it will check whether

implicitlyWait statement is mentioned or not...If no then we will get
NoSuchElementException / empty List...If it is mentioned, then it
will check whether time is over or not ???

• If time is over but element not found, NoSuchElementException...But

if time is not over, then control will wait for 1/2 sec or 500 ms and
again check whether element is present or not.

• This 500 ms duraton is called polling period and is mentioned in

FluentWait Class.

038
package qsp;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class FlipkartSynchronisation {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
G.

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");
Ra

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Thread.sleep(2000);
vi

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='✕']")).click();
Ki

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Cart']")).click();
r

// Thread.sleep(3000);
an

// 1/2 sec + 1/2 sec + 1/2 sec + 1/2 sec

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Login']")).click();

}}
CS
A4

039
Explicitlywait:
• Here we need to give condition
• It will work for any method
• create an object of 'WebDriverWait' Class

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(reference variable of WEbDriver,

timeoutInSeconds);

• ExplicitlyWait will work for any method including findElement() and

findElements()
• Here we need to create an object of WebDriverWait Class and we use
the static methods of ExpectedConditions Class to give the
G.

condition...
• WebDriverWait class and ExpectedConditions Class is imported from
'org.openqa.selenium.support.ui' package
Ra

ExplicitlyWait Flow Diagram

----------------------------
Ki
r an
_K
CS
A4

Explanation of ExplicitlyWait Flow Diagram :

• When the control comes to wait.until() statement, it will check

whether the condition is true or false.
• If condition is true, then control goes to the next statements and
start executing them...
• If condition is false, then it will check maximum time is ove ror not
• If yes that means condition never became true within the maximum time,
it gives TimeoutException
• If No, it waits for 1/2 sec or 500 ms and then checks again condition
became true or not

040
package qsp;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class LoginTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
G.

//Set the system property

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
Ra

//Open the Browser

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
//Maximize the browser window
vi

driver.manage().window().maximize();
//Enter the test URL
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
Ki

//Get the Login page title

String loginTitle = driver.getTitle();
r

//Verify actual title with expected title

if(loginTitle.equals("actiTIME - Login"))
an

{
System.out.println("Login Page is Displayed, Test Step PASSED");
_K

}
else
{
CS

System.out.println("Login Page is not Displayed, Test Step FAILED");

}
A4

Thread.sleep(2000);
//Enter Valid Username in username textbox
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("admin");

Thread.sleep(2000);
//Enter Valid Password in password textbox
driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).sendKeys("manager");

Thread.sleep(2000);
//Click on Login Button
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Login
']")).click();

041
// Thread.sleep(5000);

WebDriverWait wait= new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("Enter"));
// 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2

//Get Home Page title

String homeTitle = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(homeTitle);

//Verify actual title with expected title

if(homeTitle.equals("actiTIME - Enter Time-Track"))

{
System.out.println("Home Page is Displayed, Test Step PASSED");
Ra

}
else
{
vi

System.out.println("Home Page is not Displayed, Test Step FAILED");

}
}}
Ki
r an
_K
CS
A4

042
----------- ------------
19-10-2020 && 20-10-2020
----------- ------------

***Differences between ImplicitlyWait and ExplicitlyWait

---------------------------------------------------------

ImplicitlyWait ExplicitlyWait

ImplicitlyWait is used to synchronize ExplicitlyWait is used to synchronize

findElement() and findElements() only any method
G.

No need to mention any condition We should provide condition according

to the situation
Ra

No need to create Object We create an object of WebDriverWait

class
vi

TimeUnit can be days, hours, minutes, TimeUnit can only be Seconds

seconds, milliSeconds, microSeconds,
nanoSeconds
Ki

In ImplicityWait, if element not found In ExplicitlyWait, if condition does

within maximm time, we get not become true within maximum time,
r

NoSuchElementException/EmptyList then we get TimeoutException

ImplicitlyWait is a kind of global ExpliciltyWait is a kind of local

wait, because we can mention wait, which has to be mentioned before
_K

implicitlyWait once at the top of the every synchronization issue

code which works for every
CS

findElement()/findElements()
throughout the code
A4

Syntax:driver.manage().timeouts().im WebDriverWait wait=new

plicitlyWait(long arg, TimeUnit) WebDriverWait(WebDriver
reference,TimeoutInSeconds)
Example:driver.manage().timeouts().i
mplicitlyWait(20,TimeUnit.SECONDS) wait.until(ExpectedConditions.Requi
redCondition)

043
package qsp;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class FlipkartSynchronisation {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
G.

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
Ra

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");
vi

// driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Thread.sleep(2000);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='✕']")).click();
Ki
r

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Cart']")).click();
an

// Thread.sleep(3000);
_K

WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver,20);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath
CS

("//span[text()='Login']")));

// 1/2 sec + 1/2 sec + 1/2 sec + 1/2 sec

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Login']")).click();

}}

Handling Dropdown(ListBox/WebList/Custom Dropdown)

-----------------------------------------------------
Two types
1. Static Dropdown
2. Dynamic dropdown

044
1. Static Dropdown: Options of the dropdown are fixed
Two types of Static Dropdown
1. Single-Select Dropdown
2. Multi-Select Dropdown
Created by using
<select>, <option>

Q. How to handle the static dropdown ?

• Since it is created by using <select>
• We handle it by using Select Class.
• Select Class is imported from 'org.openqa.selenium.support.ui'
package
G.

• Select Class Constructor is a pramterized constructor

• which takes WebElement arg, where we need to pass address of the
dropdown.
Ra

Select Class Methods

• Selection Methods
1. selectByVisibleText(String arg) : void
2. selectByValue(String arg) : void
3. selectByIndex(int index) : void
Ki

• DeSelection Methods
4. deselectByVisibleText(String arg) : void
r

5. deselectByValue(String arg) : void

6. deselectByIndex(int index) : void

7. deselectAll()
_K

• Operational Methods
8. isMultiple() : boolean
CS

9. getOptions() : List<WebElement>
10. getAllSelectedOptions() : List<WebElement>
11. getFirstSelectedOption() : WebElement
A4

12. getWrappedElement() : WebElement

Note:
1. selectByIndex() can handle duplicate options
2. When we try to use deselection methods on a single select dropdown,
then we get UnsupportedOperationException (Java)- (Runtime)

isMultiple() :
• Used to verify whether it is a Single Selectdropdown or multi-Select
Dropdown.
• ReturnType is boolean.
• Returns true if it is multi-Select dropdown.

045
getOptions() :
• Used to get the address of all the options present in the dropdown.
• ReturnType is List<WebElement>
• If no option present in dropdown then we get emptyList

getAllSelectedOptions() :
• Used to get the address of all the selected options
• ReturnType is List<WebElement>
• If no option is Selected in dropdown then we get emptyList

getFirstSelectedOption() :
G.

• Used to get the address of first selected option in the dropdown

• ReturnType is WebElement Interface
Ra

• If no option is selected, then it returns NoSuchElementException

getWrappedElement() :
vi

• Used to get the address of all the options wrapped into a single
address
• ReturnType is WebElement Interface
• If no option present in dropdown then we get NoSuchElementException
Ki

Note:
r

• To create a multi-select dropdown, add the attribute 'multiple' in

select tag.
an

<html>
_K

<body>
<select id='novotel' multiple>
<option value='a'>Idly</option>
CS

<option value='b'>Biryani</option>
<option value='c'>Vada</option>
<option value='d'>Dosa</option>
A4

<option value='e'>Pani Puri</option>

<option value='f'>Roti</option>
<option value='g'>Noodles</option>
<option value='h'>Jamoon</option>
<option value='i'>Idly</option>
<option value='j'>Chai</option>
</select>
</body>
</html>

package qsp;

046
import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class HandlingDropdown {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

{
G.

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
Ra

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("file:///E:/Qspiders%
vi

20Selenium/.html/MultiSelectDropdown.html");

Thread.sleep(3000);
Ki

WebElement ddAddr = driver.findElement(By.id("novotel"));

Select sel=new Select(ddAddr);//Address of Dropdown
r

List<WebElement> allOptions = sel.getOptions();

System.out.println("Total Options in DD: "+allOptions.size());
an

// for(int i=0;i<allOptions.size();i++)
_K

// {
// System.out.println(allOptions.get(i).getText());
// sel.selectByIndex(i);
CS

// }
// sel.deselectAll();
A4

// for(int j=0;j<allOptions.size();j++)
// {
// sel.deselectByIndex(j);
// }

// for(int j=allOptions.size()-1;j>=0;j--)
// {
// sel.deselectByIndex(j);
// Thread.sleep(500);
// }

047
//for(start;end;incr/decr)
// for(int i=2;i<=5;i++)
// {
// sel.selectByIndex(i);
// }

// List<WebElement> alSelOp = sel.getAllSelectedOptions();

// System.out.println(alSelOp.size());
// WebElement firstSelOp = sel.getFirstSelectedOption();
// System.out.println(firstSelOp.getText());
G.

WebElement wrapEle = sel.getWrappedElement();

System.out.println(wrapEle.getText());
Ra

// for( WebElement oneOp:alSelOp)

// {
// System.out.println(oneOp.getText());
vi

// }

//sel.selectByVisibleText("Biryani");
Ki

// if(sel.isMultiple())
r

// {
// System.out.println("It is Multi-Select Dropdown");
an

// }
// else
_K

// {
// System.out.println("It is Single-Select Dropdown");
// }
CS

// sel.selectByValue("d");
A4

// sel.selectByVisibleText("Biryani");
// sel.selectByIndex(0);
// sel.selectByVisibleText("Vada");
// Thread.sleep(3000);
// sel.deselectByVisibleText("Vada");
// sel.deselectAll();
}
}

048
G.
Ra
vi
Ki

Exceptions
r

-----------
an

1. IllegalStateException - Java - Runtime

Reason: System property not set
_K

(or)
It is set incorrectly
CS

2. NoSuchElementException - Selenium - Runtime

Reason: If findElement() is unable to find the element on the webpage, then
we get this exception
A4

3. TimeoutException - Selenium - Runtime

Reason: In ExplicitlyWait, If condition is not becoming true within the
maximum time, then we get this exception

4. InterruptedException - Java - Compiletime

Reason: Thrown when a thread is in sleeping state

5. UnsupportedOperationException - Java -Runtime

Reason: If we try to deselect any option from single-select Dropdown

049
-----------
21-10-2020
-----------
G.
Ra
vi

package qsp;

import java.util.HashSet;
Ki

import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
r

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
an

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
_K

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
CS

import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

public class RemoveDuplicateUsingSet {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("file:///E:/Qspiders%
20Selenium/.html/MultiSelectDropdown.html");

050
//print all the options as it is....
// WebElement ddAddr = driver.findElement(By.id("novotel"));
// Select s =new Select(ddAddr);
// List<WebElement> allOpts = s.getOptions();
//
// for(WebElement oneOpt:allOpts)
// System.out.println(oneOpt.getText());

//print all the options without duplicate

// WebElement ddAddr = driver.findElement(By.id("novotel"));
// Select s = new Select(ddAddr);
G.

// List<WebElement> allOpts = s.getOptions();

//
// Set<String> st = new HashSet<>();
Ra

//
// for(WebElement oneOpt:allOpts)
// {
vi

// String text = oneOpt.getText();

// st.add(text);
// }
//
Ki

// for(String oneText:st)
// {
r

// System.out.println(oneText);
// }
an
_K

//Print options without Duplicate + Order should be maintained

// WebElement ddAddr = driver.findElement(By.id("novotel"));
// Select s =new Select(ddAddr);
CS

// List<WebElement> allOpts = s.getOptions();

//
// Set<String> st = new LinkedHashSet<>();
A4

//
// for(WebElement oneOpt:allOpts)
// {
// String text = oneOpt.getText();
// st.add(text);
// }
//
// for(String oneText:st)
// {
// System.out.println(oneText);
// }

051
//Print options without Duplicate + Sorted Order
WebElement ddAddr = driver.findElement(By.id("novotel"));
Select s =new Select(ddAddr);
List<WebElement> allOpts = s.getOptions();

Set<String> st = new TreeSet<>();

for(WebElement oneOpt:allOpts)
{
String text = oneOpt.getText();
st.add(text);
}
G.

for(String oneText:st)
{
Ra

System.out.println(oneText);
}
vi

}
}

Output:
Ki

as it is HashSet LinkedHashSet TreeSet

Idly Vada Idly Biryani

Biryani Roti Biryani Chai

Vada Pani Puri Vada Dosa
_K

Dosa Jamoon Dosa Idly

Pani Puri Biryani Pani Puri Jamoon
Roti Dosa Roti Noodles
CS

Noodles Idly Noodles Pani Puri

Jamoon Chai Jamoon Roti
Idly Noodles Chai Vada
A4

Chai

052
-----------
22-10-2020
-----------

Dynamic Dropdown / Custom Dropdown

-----------------------------------
In this kind of dopdown the Options are changing.....
To create it we use tags like input, div, ul, li, a ......

Q. How to handle dynamic dropdown ???

• Since the options are inspectable, we use findElement(),
findElements(), sendkeys(), click()
G.

• Since it is not created by select tag, hence we can't use Select class
and its methods. If we use, we get UnexpectedTagNameException.
Ra

package qsp;

import java.util.List;
vi

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
Ki

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
r

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
an

import
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
_K

public class HandlingDynamicDropdown {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
A4

"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions co = new ChromeOptions();
co.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(co);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.cleartrip.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Thread.sleep(3000);
WebElement ddAddr = driver.findElement(By.id("FromTag"));
ddAddr.sendKeys("del");

053
Thread.sleep(6000);

// ddAddr.sendKeys(Keys.DOWN);
// Thread.sleep(3000);
// ddAddr.sendKeys(Keys.DOWN);
// Thread.sleep(3000);
// ddAddr.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

List<WebElement> allOptions =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(@id,'ui-id')]"));
G.

System.out.println(allOptions.get(0).getText());
Thread.sleep(3000);
allOptions.get(allOptions.size()-1).click();
Ra

//System.out.println(allOptions.size());
vi

// System.out.println(allOptions.get(0).getText());

// for(WebElement op:allOptions)
// {
Ki

// System.out.println(op.getText());
// }
r

// for(int i = 0;i<allOptions.size();i++)
an

// {
// WebElement oneOpt = allOptions.get(i);
_K

// String text = oneOpt.getText();

// System.out.println(text);
// }
CS

}
}
A4

Assignment-1:
-------------
1. Go to Flipkart.com and type laptops in search textbox
2. Count and print the options of the dropdown and select 2nd option
3. In Search Results page, Apply filter
Max Price - 50000
Processor - Core i3
Brand - Dell
OS - Windows 10
4. Print the RAM and Price Details of the First laptop

054
package qsp;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Assignment1 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
Ra

"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
vi

driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Ki

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='✕']")).click();
r

WebElement ddAddr1 =
an

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@class='LM6RPg']"));
ddAddr1.sendKeys("laptops");
_K

List<WebElement> allOptions =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//li[@class='_1va75j']"));
CS

System.out.println(allOptions.size());

for(WebElement oneOpt:allOptions)
A4

{
System.out.println(oneOpt.getText());
}

Thread.sleep(3000);
allOptions.get(1).click();

Thread.sleep(3000);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='_1YoBfV']/descendant::
option[@class='OMc8Rd' and @value='50000']")).click();

055
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Core
i3']/preceding-sibling::div[@class='_1p7h2j']")).click();

Thread.sleep(3000);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Dell']/preceding-sibli
ng::div[@class='_1p7h2j']")).click();

Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Operating
G.

System']")).click();

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Windows
Ra

10']/preceding-sibling::div[@class='_1p7h2j']")).click();
vi

List<WebElement> allPrizes =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@class='_1vC4OE _2rQ-NK']"));
//System.out.println(allPrizes.size());
System.out.println(allPrizes.get(0).getText());
Ki
r

List<WebElement> allRams =
an

driver.findElements(By.xpath("//li[contains(text(),'RAM')]"));
//System.out.println(allRams.size());
_K

System.out.println(allRams.get(0).getText());
}
}
CS

Assignment-2:
-------------
A4

1. Go to google.com and type 'Qspiders'

2. Count and print all the options
3. If 'Qspiders Review' option is present, then click on it

package qsp;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

056
public class Assignment2 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");

WebElement Addr =
G.

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@title='Search']"));
Addr.sendKeys("Qspiders");
Ra

Thread.sleep(3000);
List<WebElement> allOptions =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[@class='erkvQe']/descendant::li[con
vi

tains(@class,'sbct')]"));
System.out.println(allOptions.size());
Ki

Thread.sleep(3000);
r

for(WebElement everyOp:allOptions)
{
an

System.out.println(everyOp.getText());
}
_K

for(WebElement everyOp:allOptions)
CS

{
if(everyOp.getText().equals("qspiders reviews"))
{
A4

Thread.sleep(3000);
WebElement ReqOpt =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//b[contains(text(),'reviews')]"));
ReqOpt.click();
}
}
}
}

057
-----------
26-10-2020
-----------

Handling Keyboard and Mouse Actions

------------------------------------
Action class :
• Used to handle keyboard and mouse actions
• Imported from org.openqa.selenium.interactions package
• Actions class constructor takes webDriver References or Browser class
reference as its argument.
• We handle mouse and KeyBoard Actions by using non-static methods of
Actions class.
• Also Note for every method of Actions Class, we need to compulsorly
G.

use .perform() at the end.

• Robot Class is used to handle keyboard and muse Actions

• Its imported from java.awt.package
vi

• robot class constructor throws a compile time exception called

AWTException
• Robot class uses keyPress method in which KeyEvent class is present
Ki

• In KeyEvent Class all the keyboard keys are stored as virtual keys
and since they are static final variables , we can access directly
ra

through classname.VariableName (keyEvent.VK_T)

• Also remember to release a key after it is presses, so that it will
be released virtually
n_

1. Handling mouse hover action - moveToElement(addr).perform()

2. a) Perform Right Click - contextClick(addr).perform()

b) Handle Right Clicked Options - Robot Class - keyPress/KeyRelease
SA

3. Perform Double Click - doubleClick(addr).perform()

4. Perform Drag and Drop action - dragAndDrop(fromAddr, toAddr).perform()
4

package qsp;

import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

058
public class HandlingMouseAndKeyboardAction {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,

AWTException {

//Mouse Hover Actions

//
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='✕']")).click();
Ra

//
// WebElement elec =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Electronics']"));
vi

// Thread.sleep(5000);
// Actions a = new Actions(driver);
// a.moveToElement(elec).perform();
Ki

//
// Thread.sleep(3000);
ra

//
// driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Power
n_

Banks']")).click();
KC

//Performing Double click Actions

// System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
4

// WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// driver.manage().window().maximize();
// driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
//
// Thread.sleep(3000);
//
// WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
// input.sendKeys("admin");
//
// Actions a=new Actions(driver);
// a.doubleClick(input).perform();

059
//Performing Drag and Drop Actions

// System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
// WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// driver.manage().window().maximize();
//
driver.get("http://www.dhtmlgoodies.com/scripts/drag-drop-custom/
demo-drag-drop-3.html");
//
// Thread.sleep(5000);
//
// WebElement src = driver.findElement(By.id("box7"));
G.

// WebElement dest = driver.findElement(By.id("box107"));

//
// Actions ac = new Actions(driver);
Ra

// ac.dragAndDrop(src, dest).perform();
vi

//Perform Right Click

//Handle right clicked options
Ki

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
ra

"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
n_

driver.manage().window().maximize();

driver.get("file:///C:/Users/Ravi%20Kiran/Downloads/Programs/.htm
KC

l/demo.html");
SA

Thread.sleep(3000);
WebElement google = driver.findElement(By.id("i2"));
4

Actions ac = new Actions(driver);

ac.contextClick(google).perform();

Robot r = new Robot();

r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_T);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_T);

}
}

060
-----------
27-10-2020
-----------

Scrolling Down a WebPage

-------------------------

Q. How do we scroll down ?

A. We use javascript
G.
Ra
vi
Ki
r an

Q. How to scroll down manually???

1. Go to the required webpage and Press ctrl shift I or F12/ Fn F12,

Developer Tools will be displayed
CS

2. Click on the console tab and write the javascript as follows

Syntax: window.scrollBy(x axis, y axis)
Example: window.scrollBy(100, 800)
A4

Q. How to scroll down through Automation(Selenium webDriver)???

A. In Selenium, we use executeScript() of JavascriptExecutor interface to
execute the required javascript automatically...

061
JavascriptExecutor Diagram
----------------------------

G.
Ra
vi

• Since we are upcasting our driver to Webdriver interface,

executeScript() method is not accessible.
• Hence to access it, we either Typecast from WebDriver interface to
Ki

JavascriptExecutor interface or Downcast from WebDriver inerface to

RemoteWebDriver class.
r an

Q. How to scroll down to a particular element ???

A.
• If we want to scroll down to a particular element, then we get the
_K

location of the element(location means X axis and Y axis) by using

getLocation() method of WebElemnt interface.
• getLocation() returns Point(x axis, y axis) of the element.
CS

• window.scrollBy+location of Element
A4

Example:
WebElement ele =driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h2[text()='Selenium Level
Sponsors']"));
Point loc = ele.getLocation();
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
jse.executeScript("window.scrollBy"+loc);

062
package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;

public class ScrollingDown {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
Ra

"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
//upcasting from ChromeDriver class to WebDriver Interface
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
vi

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/");

Thread.sleep(3000);
Ki

WebElement ele =
r

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h2[text()='Selenium Level Sponsors']"));

Point loc = ele.getLocation();
an

System.out.println(loc);
_K

//Through typeCasting
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
jse.executeScript("window.scrollBy"+loc);
CS

//Through Downcasting
// RemoteWebDriver rwd = (RemoteWebDriver)driver;
A4

// rwd.executeScript("window.scrollBy"+loc);
}
}

063
-----------
28-10-2020
-----------

Handling Disabled Elements

---------------------------

How do we handle Disabled elements ?

• By using Javascript

First we need to handle it manually and then we pass the Javascript into
executeScript(script) method of JavascriptExecutor Interface
G.

Handling it Manually :-
1. Go to the required webpage and press F12 key(in some laptops Fn + F12),
Ra

Developers tool will be displayed

2. Go to the console tab and start writing the below Javascript and press
Enter
vi

Syntax: document.getElementByID('id value').value='text'

Example: document.getElementByID('i2').value='manager'
Ki
ra
n_
K CS
A4

• As a selenium standard, we always upcast our browser classes to

WebDriver Interface.
• Hence executeScript() is not accessible through WebDriver reference
variable(driver).
• So to access executeScript(),
1) we either typecast from
WebDriver interface to JavascriptExecutor interface
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

064
j.executeScript("document.getElementById('i2').value='manager'");
(or)
2) Downcast from
WebDriver Interface to RemoteWebDriver Class
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
RemoteWebDriver rwd = (RemoteWebDriver)driver;
rwd.executeScript("document.getElementById('i2').value='manager'"
);

package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
G.

import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
Ra

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class HandlingDisabledElements {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

{
Ki

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","./drivers/chromedri
ver.exe");
r

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
an

driver.get("file:///C:/Users/Ravi%20Kiran/Downloads/Programs/.htm
_K

l/DisabledElement.html");
Thread.sleep(2000);
CS

WebElement untb = driver.findElement(By.id("i1"));

if(untb.isEnabled()) {
System.out.println("Untb is Enabled");
A4

untb.sendKeys("admin");
}
else {
System.out.println("Untb is not Enabled");
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

j.executeScript("document.getElementById('i1').value='admin'");
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
WebElement pwtb = driver.findElement(By.id("i2"));
if(pwtb.isEnabled()) {
System.out.println("Pwtb is Enabled");

065
pwtb.sendKeys("manager");
}
else {
System.out.println("Pwtb is not Enabled");
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
j.executeScript("document.getElementById('i2').value='manager'");
}
}}

WebElemental Methods Element Level

------------------------------------
S.No Method Name ReturnType
G.

1 click() void

2 clear() void
Ra

3 sendKeys(charSequence) void
vi

4 getTagname() String

5 getAttribute(String attrName) String

6 getText() String

7 getLocation() Point
ra

8 getRect() Rectangle
n_

9 getCssValue(String cssName) String

10 getSize() Dimesnion
CS

11 getScreenshotAs(Output Type) File

12 isDisplayed() boolean
A4

13 isEnabled() boolean

14 isSelected() boolean

15 findElement(By arg) WebElement

16 findElements(By arg) List<WebElement>

17 submit() void

066
Method Name Method Use

click() Used to click on any element

clear() Used to clear the content of the element

sendKeys(charSequence) Used to send charSequence into the element

getTagname() Used to get the tagName of the element

getAttribute(String attrName) USed to get a particular attribute value of the

element by giving the attribute name
G.

getText() Used to get the text of the element

getLocation() Used to get Location of the element (means X

pixel, Y pixel)

getRect() Used to get X Axis, Y Axis, height, width

getCssValue(String cssName) Used to get a particular CSS attribute value

of the element by giving the css attribute name
Ki

getSize() Used o get the size of element(means length and

breadth)
ra

getScreenshotAs(Output Type) Used to get the screenshot of a particular

element
n_

isDisplayed() Used to verify if an element is present on the

webpage
CS

isEnabled() Used to verify if an element is enabled or

diabled(enabled means ready to interact)
A4

isSelected() Used to verify if an element is selected or not

findElement(By arg) Used to find a particular element within the

current element

findElements(By arg) Used to find all matching elements within the

current element

submit() Used like click() method but only can be used

on buttons with type='submit'

067
package qsp;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class WebElementMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
G.

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
Thread.sleep(3000);
Ra

WebElement chkbox = driver.findElement(By.id("keepLoggedInCheckBox"));

chkbox.click();
Thread.sleep(3000);
vi

if(chkbox.isDisplayed())
{
System.out.println("Checkbox is Displayed");
if(chkbox.isEnabled())
Ki

{
System.out.println("Checkbox is Enabled");
ra

if(chkbox.isSelected())
{
System.out.println("It is already selected,
n_

dont touch");
}
else
K

{
CS

System.out.println("It is not selected, click

now");
chkbox.click();
A4

}
}
else
{
System.out.println("Checkbox is not Enabled");
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("Checkbox is not Displayed");
}
}}

068
-----------
29-10-2020
-----------

package qsp;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class WebElementMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
G.

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
Ra

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
vi

Thread.sleep(2000);

WebElement untb = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

untb.sendKeys("admin");
Thread.sleep(2000);
r

untb.clear();
System.out.println("Tag: "+untb.getTagName());
an

System.out.println("Attribute:
"+untb.getAttribute("class"));
_K

WebElement header = driver.findElement(By.id("headerContainer"));

System.out.println("Text: "+header.getText());
CS

System.out.println("Size: "+untb.getSize());

System.out.println("Width: "+untb.getRect().width);
A4

System.out.println("Height: "+untb.getRect().height);

System.out.println("Location: "+untb.getLocation());

System.out.println("X axis: "+untb.getRect().x);

System.out.println("Y axis: "+untb.getRect().y);

System.out.println("Font-Size: "+untb.getCssValue("font-size"));
}
}

069
Output:
Tag: input
Attribute: textField
Text: Please identify yourself
Size: (214, 32)
Width: 214
Height: 32
Location: (644, 294)
X axis: 644
Y axis: 294
Font-Size: 14px
G.

TakesScreenshot
----------------
Ra
vi
Ki
r an
_K
CS
A4

• We use getScreenshotAs() method of TakeScreenshot Interface to take

a screnshot.
• getScreenshotAs() is given implementation in RemoteWebDriver Class
and it is extended in browser classes.
• But as a Selenium standard we always upcast our browser object to
WebDriver Interface, [ WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(); ]
• As a result getScreenshotAs() is hidden and inaccessible.

070
Hence, to access it,
• we either typecast from WebDriver Interface to TakesScreenshot
Interface
TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot)driver;
(or)
• We Downcast from WebDriver Interface to RemoteWebDriver Class
RemoteWebDriver rwd = (RemoteWebDriver)driver;
(or)
• Since, EventFiringWebDriver Class is also Implementing it, we can
Create object and access it
EventFiringWebDriver e = new EventFiringWebDriver(driver);
G.

Explaining TakesScreenshot program in interview

------------------------------------------------
1. Upcasting Browser class to WebDriver Interface
Ra

2. Typecasting from WebDriver to TakesScreenshot interface

3. Getting the screenshot by calling getScreenshotAs() which takes
vi

argument OutputType which is file type

4. We create an object of File Class and in constructor we pass three
things
a. Path where we need to store the screenshot
Ki

b. FileName with which we want to store

c. Extension (.png / .jpg)
5. Using Third party class called 'Files' which is imported from
r

com.google.common.io package, we copy the obtained screenshot and

pass it in the specified path.

6. Files.copy() throws a compile time exception called IOException
_K

package qsp;

import java.io.File;
CS

import java.io.IOException;
A4

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.events.EventFiringWebDriver;

import com.google.common.io.Files;

071
public class TakingScreenshots {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,

InterruptedException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");

//1. Through Typecasting

// TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot)driver;
G.

// File ss = ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
// //path+name+extension
// File f = new File("C:<\\Users\\Ravi Kiran\\Downloads>
Ra

\\\\screenshots\\Google.png");
// Files.copy(ss, f);
vi

//2. Through Downcasting

// RemoteWebDriver rwd = (RemoteWebDriver)driver;
// File src = rwd.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
Ki

// File dest = new File("C:<\\Users\\Ravi Kiran\\Downloads>

\\\\screenshots\\Image.png");
r

// Files.copy(src, dest);
an

//3. Through EventFiringWebDriver Class

// EventFiringWebDriver ef = new EventFiringWebDriver(driver);
_K

// File src = ef.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

// File dest = new File("C:<\\Users\\Ravi Kiran\\Downloads>
CS

\\\\screenshots\\GImage.jpg");
// Files.copy(src, dest);
A4

//Taking Screenshot of a particular Element

Thread.sleep(3000);
WebElement gSearchBox = driver.findElement(By.id("hplogo"));

File src = gSearchBox.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

File dest = new File("C:<\\Users\\Ravi Kiran\\Downloads>

\\\\screenshots\\GLogo.jpg");
Files.copy(src, dest);
}
}

072
-----------
30-10-2020
-----------

POPUPS
--------
Popups usually appear on the webpage to give some warning or get some data
from users or get confirmation from users.....

These are of two categories -

1. Web-Based
2. Window-Based
G.

WEB-BASED
1. Javascript popup
Ra

2. Hidden-Division popup
3. Browser Notification popup
vi

1. Javascript popup - Created by using Javascript Language, Hence the name

1.a Alert - Has only one button - OK button
1.b Confirmaton - Has two buttons - OK CANCEL buttons
Ki

Alert can be created by javascript -> alert("message")

Confirmation can be created by javascript -> confirm("message")
r

Characteristics of Javascript Popup

1. Is it colorful ? NO
2. Is it movable ? NO
_K

3. Is it Inspectable? NO
4. Until we handle it, we can't do futher action on the webpage
CS

How to Handle Javascript Popup ??

• First we need to switch our control from WebPage to alert Popup
• Alert al=driver.switchTo().alert();
A4

• alert() is coming from TargetLocator Class

• alert() returntype is Alert Interface

In Alert interface, we have the following abstract methods :-

1. a1.accept() - Used to click on OK button
2. a1.dismiss - Used to click on CANCEL buton
3. a1.getText() - Used to get the message on the popup
4. a1.sendKeys() - Used to type input on the popup

Note: If there is no alert popup on the webpage, but still we are trying
to switch to it and handle it, then we get NoAlertPresentException

073
• for Alert Popup
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Alert</h2>
Username<input type='text'><br>
Password<input type='password'><br>
<button onclick='myFunction()'>Login</button>
<script>
function myFunction() {
alert('I am an alert box!');
}
G.

</script>
</body>
</html>
Ra

• for Confirmation Popup

<html>
vi

<body>
<p>Click the button to display your Love.....</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()">I Love You</button>
<p id="demo">You Pressed OK...Now you have to Love..haha..!</p>
Ki

var txt;
var r = confirm("Will You Marry me ???");
an

if(r == true) {
txt = "You Pressed Ok, so you should marry...." ;
_K

} else {
txt = "You Pressed Cancel, Now you are safe...." ;
}
CS

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = txt;
}
</script>
A4

</body>
</html>

package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class HandlingPopups {

074
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{

//Handling Alert Popup

// System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
// WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// driver.manage().window().maximize();
//
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/Ravi%20Kiran/Downloads/Programs/.htA
lert%20Popupml/.html");
G.

// Thread.sleep(3000);
//
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='Login']")).click();
Ra

// Thread.sleep(3000);
// Alert al = driver.switchTo().alert();
// System.out.println(al.getText());
vi

// al.accept();
// //al.dismiss();

//Handling Confirmation Popup

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
r

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.manage().window().maximize();
an

driver.get("file:///C:/Users/Ravi%20Kiran/Downloads/Programs/.htm
_K

l/Confirmation%20Popup.html");
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()='I Love You']")).click();
CS

Alert al = driver.switchTo().alert();
Thread.sleep(3000);
A4

System.out.println(al.getText());
// //OK button
// al.accept();

//CANCEL button
al.dismiss();
}
}

075
-----------
31-10-2020
-----------
2. Hidden Division Popup
• Characteristics:
1. Is it Colorful? Yes
2. Is it Movable? No
3. Is it Inspectable? Yes

How to handle it ?
• Since it is inspectable, we use fndElement(), findElements(),
click(), sendKeys() etc to handle it.
G.

3. Browser Notification Popup

• To avoid getting browser notification popup, we need to change few

browser settings before opening the browser.
vi

• In Selenium WebDriver, for every browser we have a browser setings

class
1. For Chrome browser --> ChromeOptions Class
Ki

2. For Firefox browser --> FirefoxOptions Class etc

• First we need to create an object of this class and we use a method

called addArguments("settings")
FirefoxOptions fo = new FirefoxOptions();
fo.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
n_

fo.addArguments("start-maximized");
K

• Then while opening the browser, we need to pass FirefoxOptions Object

reference as parameter for FirefoxDriver class
CS

//Open the browser with the changes

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(fo);
A4

package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class HandlingPopups {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException

{

076
//Handling Hidden Division Popup
//Handling Browser Notifications Popup
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./drivers/chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions co = new ChromeOptions();
co.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
co.addArguments("start-maximized");
//Open Chrome browser with the settings
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(co);

//driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.cleartrip.com/");
G.

Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.id("DepartDate")).click();
Ra

Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[@datamonth='10']//a[text()='4']")).c
lick();
vi

}
}

WINDOW-BASED POPUP
Ki

• Selenium can't automate window based applications

• Hence, we take help from third party tools like Robot Class or AutoIT
ra

• Characteristics:
1. It is Colorful
2. It is movable
n_

3. It is not Inspectable
• Examples:
K

4. FileUpload
5. FileDownload
CS

6. Print
A4

• File Upload, How to handle ?

a. Trick: use sendKeys(complete path of the file ehich has to be
uploaded)
b. org.openqa.selenium.InvalidArgumentException
c. Shift+RightClick --> Copy as path
d. Proper Way: AutoIT

• File Download, How to handle ?

a. Trick: use Robot Class
b. Proper Way: AutoIT

077
Note: No need to handle download popup in chrome browser, because it will
not show popup but it auto-downloads any file.

package qsp;

import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
G.

public class HandlingWindowPopups {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,

AWTException {
vi

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","./drivers/geckodriver.exe
");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
Ki

driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/");
r

Thread.sleep(3000);
an

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[text()='Java']/..//a[text()='Do
_K

wnload']")).click();
Thread.sleep(3000);
Robot r = new Robot();
CS

r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_DOWN);
Thread.sleep(3000);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
A4

r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_DOWN);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
}
}

078
-----------
02-11-2020
-----------

AutoIT
-------
• AutoIT is a free third party tool, used to automate window based
applications.
• It can be downloaded from
https://www.autoitscript.com/site/autoit/downloads/
Download AutoIT Zip file
• In AutoIT we have two tools :-
G.

1. AutoIT Window Info

2. SciTe Script Editor
• In AutoIT window info, we have a finder tool, which we can drag and
Ra

drop on the required control. We will get all the attributes details
related of that control in Window Info tool.
vi

• With the attributes details, we start writing code in SciTe Script

editor in Scripting language.
• Once completed, we save as .au3 format...
• Then we compile(In Editor, Go to Tools -> Compile)
Ki

• The au3 autoIT file to get an executable file(.exe)

• Double click on the exe file and click on the window popup to execute
manually.
r an

Note:
Control ID = combination of Class and Instance
Class='Button'
_K

ID='10'
Control Id = 'Button10'
CS

How to integrate autoIT script in our selenium script ???

• All the automation of window popup will be done through autoIT and
we get an executable file. But we just need to execute that. Hence
we use 'exec("full path of exe file")' of Runtime Class to
execute(run) it.

079
G.
Ra

package qsp;
import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.Robot;
vi

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
Ki

public class HandlingWindowPopups {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,
AWTException, IOException {
r

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
an

"./drivers/geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
_K

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/");
CS

Thread.sleep(3000);
//Getting Window Popup(Print popup)
Robot r = new Robot();
A4

r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_P);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_P);

Thread.sleep(3000);
//Executing the autoIT Script
//Integrating AutoIT Script with our selenium script
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("E:\\Qspiders
Selenium\\autoIT\\Print.exe");
}}

080

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