SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the researchers considered in
strengthening the importance of the present study. It also presents that synthesis of the art to fully
understand the research for better comprehension of the study.

Related Literature

Foreign literature

Attendance Management System Using Face Recognition Method

According to Mansoora, S., et al 2021 When it comes to classroom management, the attendance check
is a critical component. Time-consuming, particularly when it comes to open meetings, is checking
attendance by calling names or by handing around a sign-in sheet to make it easier to commit fraud. An
implementation of a real-time attendance check is described in this article in great detail facial
recognition system and its outcomes. The system must be able to identify a student's face in order for it
to work first snap a photograph of the pupil and save it in a database as a reference for future use.
During the event, there were students may be identified by using the webcam, which captures photos of
their faces auto-detects faces and selects students with names that are most likely to match, and lastly,
depending on the facial recognition findings, an excel file will be updated to reflect attendance. To
identify faces in webcam footage, the system uses a pre-trained Haar Cascade model. As a result, a 128-
bit Face Net has been generated by training it to minimize the triplet loss. The dimensions of the facial
picture. When two facial pictures have similar encodings If the two facial pictures are from the same
student or different. Use of the system as part of a class, and the outcomes have been extremely
positive. There has been a poll done to find out more about There are both advantages and
disadvantages to using a college attendance system.

ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON FACE RECOGNITION

According to Nalini, N., et al 2021 The world that we live in has been subjected to major changes since
the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the biggest problems brought upon our generation due
to this virus is the inability to go about with normal life. Fundamental aspects of our lives like going to in-
person classes, attending programs and going to jobs have become impossible without a large amount
of risk being involved. In order to make sure educational institutes, businesses and programs can
function efficiently and effectively over an internet connection, we have devised a system titled
 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

“Attendance Management System Based on Face Recognition”. According to the title of our project, it is
quite easy to understand what the basic design is going to involve. The attendance system will consist of
a mechanism that extracts facial features and then converts them into a numeric representation which
can be classified or in this case, recognized. Our design will involve a manual trigger mechanism that
starts a timer which records a timestamp in order to maximize efficiency of the attendee. Moreover, the
facial recognition process will take place periodically in 15 minute intervals. This concept further
emphasizes the idea of attentiveness and disciple even whilst attending a class or job online.
Additionally, a mailing system automatically sends an email of the attendees along with the respective
timestamp to the host once the session is completed. During the course of our research into this topic
and pre-existing systems, we came to a realization that though face recognition has already been used
for taking attendance, it has not been utilized to its full potential. Hence, we have decided to enhance
this idea by adding a number of different features like a timer, generation of timestamps, an automatic
mailing system, a warning system to make sure the attendees are paying attention and are in fact
themselves and a periodic surveillance concept.

Local literature

DEVELOPMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION TIME MONITORING AND ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

As mentioned by Malangsa, R. 2019 In today's networked world, the need to maintain the security of
information or physical property is becoming both increasingly important and increasingly difficult. From
time to time media report of credit card fraud, computer breakings by hackers or security breaches in a
company or government building. In most of crimes today, the criminals are taking advantage of a
fundamental flaw in the conventional access control system. None of these means to really define
people. Rather, they merely are to authenticate. It goes without saying that if someone steals and
duplicates the identity, then an access to a person’s data or the personal property any time. Recently,
technology became available to allow verification of "true" individual identity. It had been widely used
for the purpose of recognition, in many institutions and organization. The attendance is a very important
factor for various purposes and it is one of the important criteria to be followed by employees. The
previous manual approach which was manually taking and maintaining the attendance record was very
inconvenient. In the olden days, companies are using manual punch card to record the employee's
attendance. In punch card machine, employees can easily do the proxy attendance for others. Also at
the end of the month, the payroll officer needs to calculate the daily overtime for all the employees. It is
very time consuming and lot of manual errors may happen.

An Android-Based Class Attendance Monitoring System Using Face Recognition Technology

According to Salac, D. 2019 The system aimed to develop an Android-Based Class Attendance
Monitoring Application using Face Recognition to make attendance checking and monitoring easier and
 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

faster. In addition, the system also intended to evaluate the developed application in terms of
functionality, usability, reliability, and portability. The results revealed that instructors find the existing
way of checking attendance as time consuming and a tedious task. Furthermore, the respondents
assessed the developed application as moderately acceptable in terms of functionality, reliability and
usability while portability was rated as highly acceptable. With regards to the features, the respondents
were very satisfied. The t-test also revealed that there is a significant difference between the level
respondents’ level of acceptability on the existing and the proposed system. The researcher concluded
that the developed application was useful and it can support the needs of the instructors to make
attendance checking and monitoring easier, faster, and reliable.

Related Studies

Foreign studies

Face Recognition based Attendance Management System

As explained by Hegde, P., et al 2020 Traditional method of attendance marking is a tedious task in many
schools and colleges. It is also an extra burden to the faculties who should mark attendance by manually
calling the names of students which might take about 5 minutes of entire session. This is time
consuming. There are some chances of proxy attendance. Therefore, many institutes started
deploying many other techniques for recording attendance like use of Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) [3], iris recognition [4], fingerprint recognition, and so on. However, these systems
are queue based which might consume more time and are intrusive in nature. Face recognition has
set an important biometric feature, which can be easily acquirable and is non-intrusive. Face
recognition based systems are relatively oblivious to various facial expression. Face recognition
system consists of two categories: verification and face identification. Face verification is an 1:1
matching process, it compares face image against the template face images and whereas is an 1:N
problems that compares a query face images [1]. The purpose of this system is to build a attendance
system which is based on face recognition techniques. Here face of an individual will be considered
for marking attendance. Nowadays, face recognition is gaining more popularity and has been widely
used. In this paper, we proposed a system which detects the faces of students from live streaming
video of classroom and attendance will be marked if the detected face is found in the database. This
new system will consume less time than compared to traditional methods.

Student Attendance Monitoring System Using Face Recognition

As indicated by Sai, C., et al 2021 There is no reason that a critical educational practice like attendance
should be viewed in the old, tedious manner in this age of rapidly evolving new technologies. In the
conventional method, it is difficult to manage large groups of students in a classroom. Since it takes time
and has a high risk of error when entering data into a system, it is not recommended. Real-Time Face
Recognition is a practical method for dealing with a large number of students' attendance on a daily
basis. Many algorithms and techniques have been developed to improve face recognition performance,
but our proposed model employs the Haarcascade classifier to determine the to determine the positive
and negative characteristics of the face, as well as the LBPH (Local binary pattern histogram) algorithm
for face recognition, all of which are implemented in Python and the OpenCV library. For user interface
purposes, we use the tkinter GUI interface.

Local studies

Class Attendance Using Face Recognition

As explained by Claro, M., et al 2019 The researchers of this project attempt to review various studies
already undertaken to make attendance report of the students to become faster and efficient for all the
users that are involved in this process. This research study deals with attendance using face recognition
in the area that is needed to be recognized. Class Attendance Using Digital Face Recognition is an
essential zone in the field of substantiation maintenance of records of the students, along with
monitoring of class attendance is a zone of administration that requires a lot of time and endeavors for
management. It plays out the day by day exercises of attendance analysis, for which face recognition is
an essential aspect. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a technology-supported
learning environment utilizing attendance record compared to manually recording an attendance in the
digital face recognition process. Digitalize Class attendance of the students in face recognition may turn
a manual attendance record of the students into a powerful technology. For the researchers ensured to
take primary considerations such as end-user viewing, scheming and planning for database design,
graphical user interface outlining and gradual system inspection. All these points are necessary for
bringing the system into more operational and service able. Thus, to complete the entire scheme, in-
depth analysis, and the detailed conclusion is well obligatory.

Student Attendance Management System using Face Detector

As stated by Gomez, E. 2021 Attendance is a basic and most important criteria needed in all the
education system. Attendance is used as a record to assess student consistency in participate the
class. Therefore, student is required to attend all teaching activities held by the institutions.
Once attendance is below the required policy, the student will be subjected to further action
 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

or suspended from taking the final exam depend on the respective institutions they are in. This
impractical method will lead to fraud on number of absentees by students. Beside, this
method also easily allow for impersonation as some student may purposely sign on another
student’s name. Besides, lecturer needs to analyze manually every attendance sheet to identify the
number of absentees for both lecture and lab classes correspond to subject. Then, lecturer needs to
count and calculate percentage of present of all the students manually to identify when warning
letter need to be given to the student depend on his or her number of absents without providing any
medical certificate or notice. As a result, it is time consuming, increase number of works of the lecturer
and prone to human error as it is difficult to ascertain whether the calculation made was correct.
Moreover, student needs to spend unnecessarily time during class session to sign on the attendance
sheet. This also disturbing and student may lose focus when the attendance sheet is passing around
during the class session. Therefore, Student Attendance Management System is proposed to help or
reduce lecturer’s work. This system facilitates to access or manage the attendance information of all the
classes. Student by default is assumed. This project proposes the development of an attendance
monitoring system that uses RFID for QCU. The proposed system will track the attendance of the
students and faculty and provide a complete day-to-day record. Using RFID to record the attendance will
provide automation of student attendance which will help minimize the use of paper and the
requirement for human intervention. Tracking and monitoring the attendance of the students and
teachers with the help of RFID tags and readers is not only cheaper and more eco-friendly, but it is also
more secure compared to the current attendance system being used in our University. The
proponents believe that this system will help reduce the burden in monitoring the attendance of the
students. This project proposes the development of an attendance monitoring system that uses RFID
for QCU. The proposed system will track the attendance of the students and faculty and provide a
complete day-to-day record. Using RFID to record the attendance will provide automation of student
attendance which will help minimize the use of paper and the requirement for human
intervention. Tracking and monitoring the attendance of the students and teachers with the help of RFID
tags and readers is not only cheaper and more eco-friendly, but it is also more secure compared to the
current attendance system being used in our University. The proponents believe that this system will
help reduce the burden in monitoring the attendance of the students.