Example 24.

Prove that

oa, +bB 0,a+b,Bz 0,a +bB

ii)

row by roW
le oa, B, of
0 x0 0 RHS

TExample 25. Prove that

2 a+B+y+8
a+B+y+8 2[a+B)(Y+ ö)
aß+y aß(y+6)+ yo(a +B)
aß+yo
aß(y +8)+ 6(a +6)=0
2aBys
2 a +B+y+
Sol. LHS= a ++y+6 2a +B)(y+6)
aB(Y +8)+ o(a +6)
ap++6
aß(Y +8)+6(a +B)
2ajy%
1

-a +B 1+6 olxy+8 a+B orow by row

0x0=0= RHS

Example 26. Prove that

cOs(A-P) cos(A-0) cos(A-R)
0
cos(B-P) cos (B-Q) cos(8-R)|=
cos(C-P) cos(C-0) cos(C-R)
cos(A-P) cos(A -0) cos(A
-

R)
Sol. LHS=cos(B- P) cos(B-)
R cos(B-

cos(C-P) cos(C-) cos(C-R)

sin P o
cos Asin A cosP
by row
=cosB sinB cosQ sinQ row
cosC sinC cos R sin R 0
=0x0=0= RHS
536 lextboUR

real numbers, without

a,Band y
are
IExample 27. If
prove that
expanding at any stage,
cos(B-a) cos(y-a
1 cos(y-B)=0
cos(a-B)
1
cos (a-y) cos (B-Y)
1 cos(B-a) cos(y-a)
Sol. LHS =cos(-B) 1 cos(Y -B)
cos(B-Y) 1
cos(a-y)
cos(a a) cos(B-a) cos(y-a) S
cos(a-B) cos(B-B) cos(y-B)
cos(-Y) cos(B-Y) cos(y-Y)
cosa sina cosa sina o
cosB sinß oxcos sinß o
cosy siny o | cosy siny o
= 0x0=0= RHS
 :1:1

JExample 34. Given, x cy +bz, y =az +CX and

=

Z=
bx+oy, where x, y and z are not all zero, prove
that a+b2+cd+20bc =1.
Sol The given equation can be rewritten as
-y-bz =0
a + y a z =0
-bx-ay+I =0
Stnce, x. y and z are not all zero, the system will have
non-trivial solution,

E
Applying Ca C, +C, and Cy C+bC, then
**

1- -a- be=0

-b - a- be
1-B
Expanding along R, we get
1-c-a-be
-a-be 1-|
(-(1-)-(a+ bef =0
1--+b' -d-be -2abe =0
+++2abe =1
 Chap 07 Determinants 543

Important Derivatives Example 37. Let a be a repeated root of a

Committed to Memory) quadratic equation flx)=0 and Alx) B{x) and C(x) be
polynomials of degree 3, 4, and 5 respectively, show
fa and b are constants and n ¬ N, then Ax) B(x) Cx)
1. ify=(ax+b)", then=n!a" that Ala) ela) Cla)is divisible by f{xk, where
dx A a) 8'(a) C'la)
2ify=sin(ax +b)thensin+x+b. prime () denotes the derivatives.
dx Sol. Since, a is a repeated root of the quadratic equation
flx)=0 then flx) can be written as f(x)= a(x - a ,
3.
ify =cos(ar +b), then
cos r where a is some non-Ero constant
A(x) a) C(r)
sinx cosx sin x Let gr)=A(a) Ma) C(a)
|Example 35. If flx) =[cos x -sin x cos x Aa) sa) c'a)
1 1 gr)is divisible by flr) ifit is divisible by(x -a ie.
find the value of 2/70 +ift)}?. ga)=0 andg"la) =0 As A(z), Ax) and C(r)
polynomials of degree 3, 4 and 5, respectively.
are

coSx-sinx cos sin cosX Sin x

Degree of g(x)22
Sol. f(x) =|cossin x cosx+-sin x -cosx
-sin |A(a) a) C(a)
1
sin cos Sin x
Now, gla)=A(a) a) Cla)=0
+cos-sin x cos.x|[derivative according to rowwise
Aa) B(a) Cta
0 : R and Ra are identical]
0+0+1os sinx A(r) B'(x) C(x)|
cos +sin'x =1
-sinx cosz Also, &'(r)- Afa) a) Cla
flx)=1» S0)=1 and f(1)1 A(a) B°(«) cl«)|
2U=2+1=3 A (a) B'(a) C'l«)
cOSX sinx cOSX &la)=A(a) a) C(a)=0
Example 36. Let flx)= cos 2x sin2x 2cos 2x ATa) B'(«) C'(«)
I:R and R are identical
cOs 3x sin3x 3cos3x|
This implies that flx) divides glr)
then find the value of f"|5}
I Example 38. Find the oefficient of x in the
cos x sinx cosx

Sol. Given,
determinant
f(x)= cos2x sin2x 2cos2x (1+x0 (1+ x
(1+ x*
cos 3 sin3x 3cos3
(1+ x9(1+ x9a(14+ x)°*»
-sin sin x cos x
sin2x
1+ x(1+ x (1+ x
.
S(r)=|-2sin2x 2cos2x
F3sin3x sin3x 3cos3r| Sol. We know that, if flr) be a polynomial, then coefficient of
cOsX cosx coS cosx sinnx
-sin x in flr)ro
cos2x 2cos 2x 2cos2x|+cos2x sin2x 4sin2x
cos3x 3cos3x 3cos3 cos3x sin3x-9sin3x +x (1+x* (1+*
derivative according to columnwise] Let
ftr)-+ x (1+ x* (1+
-1 1+ (+* (1+

:C C in second determinant)
flr)=|(+h (1+ xh (1+ x
2(1- 3)+1(9-1)=-4 +8=4 (14 (1+ (1+x
 sin x cOSx

TExample 40. If
flx)=n! sin cos
n

then find the value of

ifx)} at x=0, nEl
)sin
ax" dx" x)cos
sol n!
sin cos

=n!

e!sinco
d =0)=|n sinco
:R and R areidentical]
Ex. 24 Suppose a, b andc are distinct and x,y andzare
connected by the system of equations x +ay +a'z =a',

x+by +bz =b and x +cy +c'z =c.

Column I Column

(A) For x=1,y=2 andz =3,(a

+b +c)"a ***a) is(p)3
divisible by 6
(B) For x =4y =3 and z =2(ab
+ bc + ca) is
divisible by

(C)Forx=6, y 4 andz =2(ab«)**b**is divisible

= by|
()12
Sol. (A) (p, r) (B) -> (p. r: (C)> (P. q, s)
abtc
|1a a
A-1 b 6=(a-b)(6-c%* -a)

A=bb = b b =abce1b

abe(a-b)(6-c)(¢ -a)

=-(a-b)(b-c)(¢ -a)(ab+be +ce)

1aa
and A =1 b =(a- b)(b-c)(c-a) (a+ b+e)
c

By Cramer's rule, we get

xabe
y -ab + be +ca), z ==a+bte

(A) (a + b+ c)* (ab* * *=zV =3 =9, which is divisible

by 3 and 9.

(B) (ab + be +ca =(-y¥ =(-3)' =81, which is

divisible by 3 and 9.

(C) (abe)**** =
r' =6 =36, which is divisible by 3, 6,9
and 12.
 A 3 6 +C Xx+a xta
=nk nk nk using Eqs. 6i),(i) and (üi)j Sol. Since, f(x)=*b x+2 x *ta
2 x+bx+b x+g|
6
Applying C2C-C and CC -Ca, then
0
2 B + a-c
flx)=| x+ b e-b a- c2
Hence, A is divisible by k. xb 0 -b|

sin(x+h) sin(x +2h)

sin x 1 a-c 0 Ca-C
Ex. 40 IfA=|sin Sx)=x1 c-b a-caba-b a-ca
(x+ 2h) sinx sin(x+h)
sin (x +h) sin(x+2h) Sin X C-b
So. flx) is linear.
Let
Sol. Let Then,
Sa)= Pr +
S-a)=- aP +0.fl-b)= - bP +Q
a =sin x, b = sin (x +h) and c= sin (x + 2h)
fo)=0-P+0=0
bc a=(a' +b+c-3abe) f-a)-of-b)
( -a)
From Eq (i),
=la+b+ c){(a-b +(b- +(¢ - a*]
we
get

Now, a- b sin x
-sin (x +h)= -2 cos*+sin S-o)=b-a c2-a
) 2 b-a b-a c^-a|
-sin(x+A)-sin (x +2h) =- 2cosx+sin =(-a) (a -a)(¢ -a)
and c-a sin (x+ 2h)- sin x = 2 cos (x+ h) sin h Similarly, f(-6)=(¢-b)(c -b)(¢, -b)
and
A
g(x)=(o-x)\ea -xN¢,-1)
labo) gla) f(-a)
gl6)= S(-b)
Now, from Eq. (i), we get

=(sin x+sin (x + h) +sin (x +2h)] x flo)= (o)-g(b)

(b-a)

- Ex. 42 Iffx) is a polynomial of degree <3, prove that

1 a flo)Mx-a)|a a

fo)x-b)1b
1 -
flx)
(x-a(x-b}(x-c)
s i n) (os"+ cos'r+4 coa'z) flr)
Sol.7
9sin x cosx
..)
On comparing the various
x+C +a xta powers of x, we get
Ex. 41 f flx)=| x+b A = fla) fl)
x*c2 x+a
show that (a- b)(a- c) (a-b)(c - a)
x+b *+b x+¬3| f6)
B fb)
(b- a) (b-¢) (a-b)(6-c)
x) s linear in x. Hence, deduce that f0) =
bg(a) -ag(6)
(b-a) Je) fc)
(c-a)(c -b) (b-c)(c - a)
where g(x) =(c-x)(¢a-x)¢-x).
 Ex. 44 Let S be the sum of all possible determinants of
order 2 having 0, 1, 2 and 3 as their elements. Findthe
common root a of the equations
x+ax +[m +1] =0,
c) x+bx +[m+4] =0
and x-cx +[m+15]=0,
such that a>S, where a +b+c=0 and

m lim
**nrn+r)
and [,) denotes the greatest integer function.
Sol. Let a be a common root of the given equations, then

a++[m +1]=0
a' +aa + [m]+ 1 =0

a bt+[m+ 4]=0
aba+[m]+ 4 =0
and
a-ca+m+15) =0
a-ca+m)+15 =0
On adding Eqs. () and (i) and subtracting Eq. (i), we get
#+latb+c)a +{m]-10=0
a +0+m]-10=0
a +m]-10 =0

ASD, mlim 2 -

_lim .

+ 6-1
Now, m)-[5-11=1
From Eq. (iv), we get
a +1-10=0 a'=9
=t3
Now, number of determinants of order 2 having
123-4!=24

Let A = b e one such determinant and their esists

another determinant.

Let
a Iobtasincd interchungingRadbj
on

such that A +A =0
:S= Sum of all the 24 determinants= 0
Since, a>S = a

a 3

www.JEEBOOKS.IN
 Single Correct Answer Type (c) =(2n + 1) n. Ae R^, n EI

system of
inear equations (d) =(2n + 1) . Ae R, n eEI
1. If the
r+ 2ay + az = 0 6. If the
x+ 3by +bz = 0
system of equations
x+ 4cy + cz = 0
-2y +z#a
2x+y- 2z = b
has a non zero solutions, then a, b, c are in and x +3y 3z =c
(a) A.P (b) G.P. have at least one solution, then
(c) H.P (d) satisfies a + 2b + 3c = 0 (a) a + b +c=0 (b) a - b+c =00

2. The equations (A-1)x (3A + 1)y 2z =0,

+ + (c) -a
+b+c= 0 (d) a+b-c =0
( - 1)x + (4 2)y + (2+ 3)z = 0 and 2r+ (32 + 1)y 7. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle, the system of
+3(- 1)z =0 equations
gives non-trivial solution for some values of A, then the (Sin A)x+y +z = cos A, x + (sin B)y +z= cos B, x +y +
ratio x: y:z when 2 has the smallest of these values: (sin C)z =1 - cos C has
(a) 3:2:1 (b) 3:3:2 (c) 1:3 td) 1:1:1 (a) No solution
3. The system of homogeneous equations (b) Unique solution
tx+(t+ 1)y +(t- 1)z=0, (1+ 1)x + ty +(7+2)z = 0, (t-1) (c) Infinitely many solutions
x+(t+2)y+tz=0has a non-trivial solution for (d) Finitely many solutions
(a) exactly three real values of t
(b) exacthy twoTeal value oft Multiple Correct Answers Type
(c) exactly one real value oft
(d) infinite number of values of r * * 8. A solution set of the equations x + 2y +z= I, x + 3y + 4z
4. Ifa, b, c are non-zeros, then the system of equations = k, x + 5y+ 10z = k is
(a+ a)x + 0y +Oz = 0 (a) (1 + 52, -32, A) (b) (5A-1,1-32, A)
(c) (1+ 62, -22, A (d) (1 -61, A, A)
x + ( + b)y + z =0 9. Consider the system of equations: x sin 6-2y cos 6- az
x +oy + (0+ c)z 0 =

= 0, x+2y +z = 0, -x +y +z= 0, 6e R
has a non-trivial solution if
(a) The given system will have infinite solutions for
(a) 2a=atbtc (b) o=a+b+c
a = 2
(c) ata+b+c=1 (d) =-(a+bl +c) (b) The number of integer values of a is 3 for the system
5. The values of , A for which the following equations
to have nontrivial solutions.
sin 6y- Az 0; Ar
Sin6x-cos 6y +(2+ )z =0; cos êx + =

(c) For a = 1 there exists 6for which the system will have
+(+ 1)y + cos 6z = 0
infinite solutions
have non trivial solution, is
(a) 6= nr, AE R-{0}
(d) Fora =3 there exists 8 for which the system will have
unique solution
(b) 6=2nn, Ais any rational number

Answers Key
Multiple Correct Answers Type
Single Correct Ansuver Type
5. (d) 8. (a, b) 9. (b, c, d)
1. C) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d)
6. (b) 7. (b)
 10. If f(x), h(x) are
polynomials of degree 4 and
Multiple Correct Answers Type
S)gx) h(x)
a b
c.=m+nx'+ra*+sx+tbean identity in |a+bx ax +b c
P r
13. Ifre R.a,b,c,E Rfori=1,2,3 and |42 + b,x ar+b
ax+ b c
a3+-b3x a3X +b,
x, then
f(0)-f"(0) g(0)-g"(0) H(0)-h(0)
a
=
0, then which of the following may
be true?
b C (b) x=-1
(a) x
P by C
is
(d) none of these
(a) 2(3n r) -

(b) 2(23r) (c) a2 ba C20

(c) 3(n-2r) (d) none of these

14. If a, i =1, 2, 9 are perfect odd squares, then
x-2 (x-1)2 ...,

11. If a
Ax) |x-1
=
2
(x+1)°|,then coefficient of x
44 as ais always a multiple of
X r+1)2 x+2
in A(x) is a7 ag a9
(a) 4 (b) 7 (c) 16 (d) 64
(a) 4 (b) -2 (c) -6 (d) 0 15. The value of the determinant
sin xcos x tan x cos(+a). -sin(6 +0) cos 2
12. Iffx)=|x sin 6 cos
, then lim ) sin a is
2x x0 -cos 6 sin A cos a
(a) 0 (b) 3
(a) independent of 6 for all A e R
(c) 2 i (d) 1
(b) independent of 0 and a when
C)
A= 1
independent of 0 and a when =-1
(d) independent of A for all

Answers Key
Single Correct Answer Type
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d)
Multiple Correct Answers Type
4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (d) 13. (a, b,
11. (b)
8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) c) 14. (a, c, d)
12. (d) 15. (a, c)
 Chap 07 Determinants 571

Passage V 62. Ifabc are in GP, then

(Q. Nos. 58 to 60)

-i 63. IfA =27 and a +b +c = 2, then the value of Ea'bis

x-Inx cos (-1) (x-1¥|= aot a (r-1)+a(r-1+... (a)2-p) b) 322-)
tan sin. cosx (c) 22-) (d)322-p-g)
58. The value of cos (a,)is Passage VI
(Q. Nos. 64 to 66)
(d)
59. The value of lim (sin x)" is a+ ab ac

()1 b)e (e)e-1 (d) None of these fAn=ab b+ be.ne Nandthe equation
ac be
60. The equation whose roots are ag and aj, is

(o)-x-0 b)x-2x0 -+1lx-6=0has roots a, b, cand a,b,care in AP

(e)x-3x0 (d) None of these
64. The value of A is
Passage VI
(Q. Nos. 6l to 63) (a) (12 (b)(4 ()(26 (4)(28
-bc 6 +bc c + be|
c+ac and the equation
65. The value ofis
Let A=a +ac -ac
(a)8 b)
a+ab b + ab -ab (d) None of these
(o)»8
r-px* + qx-r=0 has roots a, b, c where a, b, cE R".
66. The value of E is
61. The value of A is
(c)s27 (d)281r (6)190 (c) 280 (d) 340
(b) 2 27 (a) 130

Determinants Exercise 4:
Questions
Single Integer Answer Iype 1 cosa cos 0 cos a cos B
to each
contains 10 questions. The answer
This section from 70. If cos a 1cosY=cos aa cOs Y
question is a single digit integer, rangin8 cosB cos Y 0
0to 9 (both inclusive). cos B cosy 1
is equal to
s +k 4 s+3+k cos a+cos + cos
67. If43+k 5 4+4 +k|=Q b+) a
s +k6 5+5+k 71. Let fla bc)= the
the value
of 2 J2* V ...»

greatest integer nE
Nsuch that(a + b+ c)" divides

distinct roots of
68. Let a, Band y are three
flabc)is
72 1f0S0 T and the system of equations
- | a-4=Q the value of r= (sin 8) y + (cos 8)
y=z+(cos 0)x
e (x-1" = (sin ) x+y
69. If-Inx cos(x-1) (r-1)*|=2 , (x-1.
has a non-trivial solution, thenis equal to
tan sin cos
the value of (2 +3° )*' is www.JEEBOOKs.IN
This section contains 5 questions. Questions 77 to 81 have three statements (A, B and C) given in Column I and four
statements (p, q. r and s) in Column I. Any given statement in Column I can have correct matching with one or more
statements) given in Column IL

77. Column I Column II

A) |fa,b,care three complex numbers such that a+b+c¢-0 and 2
ab

ab beAa be,then Ais divisible by

ac bc a+

a atb atb+e 3
Ifabc e Rand 2a Sa+2b 7a +5b+2e=-1024, then ais divisible by
3a 7a+3b 9a +7b+3e
r-1 2x-5 *-1
Let A(z)=|2x+5 2x+2 +3 and ax+bbe the remainder, when Ar) is
-x+1 3x-2
divided by x-1,then4a+2bisdivisibleby

78. Column I1 Column l

(A) Let fa) =
x+a, AT) =
x+hrt b =2 * =3and x, =5and (PEven number
1

A - ) lr) firs) then Ais

(B)If la-hl=6and flx) =|1 2a-x, then the minimum value of fx)is ( Prime number
|1 2h-x
x-2 (r-1)
( fcoeficient ofxinflx)=|x-1 (r+1|isAthen|A]is )Odd number
x (x+1 (*+2|

6) | Composite number
() |Perfect number
9. ColumnI Column
x+3x-1 x*3| thene+a is divisible by| (p)
(A) I +1 2+3x r-3=ar +bx +ar +dx+,
-3 x*4 3

(B) - 1 x-1 8|=ar' +b+a+d, then (e +a-3) is divisible by

| 2x 3x o
r+4r x+3 x-2
(C)Ifx-2 5x r-1|ax+bx' +a+dr'+ex+ f, then f+e)is
x-3 x*2 4
divisible by
(s)

Column Column I
p) independent ofa
(A) Ifa+b+d-l and
1-d) call1-d)
abl- bofl-d) thenA is

call- ba1-d) dla+bd|

a+b)
C

IfA= 0+) 1
(B) then A is independent ofb

-bdb+c) (ad +2hd +cd) a+ b)bd

a'e ac C

sina cosa sinla + d)

(C) independent ofe
IfA =sinb cosb sin(b+ d)|, then Ais
sinc cose sin(c+d)|
independentofd
zero
 a cosC cos B
Expanding along R, then
=acos C -1 cosA

a+1+1| a cos B cos A -1

faß-(a+B)+1)(B -a) Applying CC, + bC2 + oC, then
a [ a ( a +9)+1 (B--a" 0 cos C cos B
=0 -1 cos A=0 =RHS
..atb+c(B-4ac)
"o cos A

Ex. 37 tfA,B and C are the anglesof a triangle, show Ex. 38 Without expanding at any stage, evaluate the
at value of the determinant tan A cot B +cot Atan B
2
sin 2A sin C sin B
tan B cot A +cot B tan A 2
sin C sin 2B sin A=0
tan C cot B +cot C tan B
sin B sin A sin 2C tan C cot A +cot C tan A

tan A cot C +cot A tan C

-1+cos B cos C +cos B cos B
tan Bcot C+cot B tan C
(ü) |cos C+cos A-1+cos A cos A=0

-1+cos A -1
-1+ cos B
Sol. The can be written as the product of
sin2A sin C sin B given determinant
two determinants
ol. () LHS =sin C sin 2B sin A
tan A cotA 0 c o t A tan A
sin B sin A sin 2C
tan B cot B 0X cot B tan B 0=0x0=0
2ka cos A ke kb | tan C cot C ocot C tan C o
kc 2kb cos B ka from sine rule]
2kecos C
kb ka Ex. 39 Suppose that digit numbers A28, 389 and62C,
where A, B and C are integers between 0 and9 are divisible
2 cos A b
A 3
c 2b cos B
a 2c cosC by a fixed integer k, prove that the determinant8 9 C
2 8 2
a cos A +a cosA a cos B+b cos A
is also divisible by k.
=k a cos B+ beos A b cos B+ b cos B
|a cos C + c cos A c cos B+ b cos C
a cos C +c cos A
Sol. Given, A28,389 and 62C are divisible by k, then

bcos C +c cos
B A283B9
100A +20+8
300+ 103 +9 = nzk
n
e cos C+c cos C
and 62C 600+ 20+C ngk
0 A
cOs A Oa a cos
where n, 2, ng ¬ I (integers).
-kcos B b ox cos B 0=0x0=0=RHS
| cosC e o| e cosC o 43 6
-1+cos B cos C+ cos B cos B
Let
A=89
2 B2
c
-1+cosA A
(i) LHS = cos C +cos A cOs
Applying A R + 10R, +100 R, then
-1+ cos B -1+ cos A
A 3 6
Applying CCG -C3 and C2 +C2 -C, then A100A +20+8 300+ 10B +9 600+20+ C
-1 cos C cossB
. 2 B
cos C 1 cos A
cos B cos A -1
 bc-a ca -b2 ab-c|
Ex. 35() Prove that| ca-b2 ab-c2 bc-a
ab-cbc -a ca-b°|

where a=a +b +c2 andB2 =ab + bc +ca.

bc-a ca-b ab-c
(i) Prove that ca-b ab-¢ bc-aisdivisible
ab-c bc-a ca-b
by(a +b+e). Find the quotient.
1
bc -a ca -b ab -
(ii) Prove that ca-b ab-c be -a
ab-be -a ca-b

a 2ac-b
2ab-c b2 a2

2bc-a
2bc-a
(iv) Prove that 2ca-2
2 2ab-c
=(a +b+c* -3abe).
ab c
Sol. () Let A =|b c a

Determinant of cofactors of A is
bc - a ca - b ab-c

A =ca-b ab -c2 bc -a2=A=A*

ab-c bc -a ca-

s bca
a b ea b c
a
e a bc a b
 2bc-a c*
+6+c ab+ be + ca
ab +be +ca
= ab + be+ca a+b +c ab + be +ca row by row] (iv)LHS= 2ca-2

ab+ be +ca ab + be +ca a* +

b +c* 2ab-

x-b a c frow by row)

be-ca-B ab-ca* B B
Hence caB ab-c

=(a+b+c) (a' +b +cd-ab - be -ca) [from Eq. i)]

ü) From Eq. ), we get
=-la' +b +°-3abe)}
be-aca-b ab-c||a b c
ca-b ab-2 be -a|=|b
=(a +b+e-3abe) =RHS
ab-e be-a ca- |e
Ex. 36 Let a and B be the roots of the equation
= (a +6+e-3abe)*
= (a+b+c(a+b+c*-ab-bc -ca* ax +bx +c =0. LetS, =a" +P° forn21. Evaluate the
3 1+S, 1+S2
be-aca-b ab-c
Therefore, ca- b ab-cbc -ais divisible by determinant| 1+S 1+S 1+5
ab-be-a ca-b 1+52 1+5% 1+5|
(a+b+e. Sol. Since, a and ß are the roots of the equation
ax + bx +c =a
Hence, the quotientis(a + B+e*-ab-be -ca)
(ii) From Eq. (i), we get a+ß=-aß =and a -ß =
be-ca -6 ab-c" b
ca-b ab-be-= 3 1+S 1+5%
ab--d a-||e a b Let A 1+ 1+S2 1+53
1+S2 1+Ss 1+5,|
1+a+p 1+a+p
1+a+B 1+a+B* 1+a +B
ab a -c 1+a B 1+a°+* 1+a' +B°
-be b -
e ale-b a say]
2ac 6
= 2ab-c2 [row by row
2be -a c"

be-a ca-b ab-c

Hence ca bb ab-¢ be-a
ab - a ca-*
Applying C2C;-C,and C C -C, then
2ac
=|2ab-c2
2bc-a a-1B-1|