SCIENCE 8 Quarter 1-Week 1

Self-Learning Module

Welcome to the Grade 8 Science Self-Learning Module (SLM).

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their
own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

Please use the Weekly Home Learning Plan below as guide on what part of the module needs to be submitted
to your subject teacher.

Reminders

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. Always observe honesty and integrity .
3. Only the ACTIVITY SHEET will be PASSED every retrieval. Keep the module at home and wait for the
announcement of the submission of the compilation from your subject teacher.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
by sending your text messages or chat messages. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding of
the relevant competencies. You can do it!

WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN

Day & Learning Learning Learning Tasks Mode of Delivery

Time Area Competency

8:00 - 11:00 Science 8 Instruction to Parents: Personal submission of

PARENT to the teacher
Please guide your child assigned in each barangay
Investigate the
in answering the module. during distribution/ retrieval
relationship between
Make sure that he/ she is every MONDAY of the
the amount of force
reading and answering WEEK.
applied and the mass
the entire module. Make
of the object to the
sure that he/she will only
amount of change in
return the answer sheet
the object’s motion.
with answers.
(Week 1 S8FE-Ia-15)
Instructions to students:

Module 1: FORCES Answer

sheet.
the Activity

A. Activity 1 and 2

B. Reflection Part

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of the
object to the amount of change in the object’s motion. (Week 1 S8FE-Ia-15)

Pretest
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following describes a force?

A. a pull only
B. a push only
C. a push or pull or both
D. neither a push nor a pull

2. What is the unit of force in metric system?

A. Calorie
B. Joules
C. Newtons
D. Pounds

3. How do forces occur?

A. in pairs
B. in triplets
C. by themselves
D. as single quantity

4. When you move a chair across the floor, what force must your push be stronger than?
A. friction
B. magnetic
C. normal
D. tension

5. A 500-N lady sits on the floor. How much force the floor exerts on her?
A. 50 N
B. 250 N
C. 500 N
D. 1000 N

Key Concepts

Force can be operationally defined based on observed effects. This means that a force can be described in
terms of what it does. However, forces do not always cause motion. It does not necessarily follow that forces
acting on an object will always cause it to move. Figures below are examples where forces have tendency of
changing the motion of an object or not.
What can forces do? Forces can produce changes in motion. What are these changes in motion?

In Grade 7, you learned displacement, velocity, and acceleration. You conducted activities wherein you
understood and made visual representations of the motion of objects such as motion graphs. The ideas were
arrived at by studying examples of uniform motion or objects moving in straight line at constant speed. Then
you were introduced to non-uniform motion where the object covers unequal displacements at equal intervals
of time.

When a car starts moving, it speeds up. When a car nears a stop sign, it slows down. The car is covering
different displacements at equal time intervals, hence is not moving in constant velocity. This means the car
is accelerating.
 You have observed that the ball moves once you push or pull it. This is called force. Consider a ball on
top of a table as shown in Figure 6. The ball will not move when there is no force applied to it (Figure
6A). If you push the ball, it will move or roll across the surface of the table (Figure 6B). And when it is
again pushed in the direction of its motion, it moves faster and even farther (Figure 6B). But when you
push it on the other side instead, opposite to the direction of its motion, the ball may slow down and
eventually stop (Figure 6C). Lastly, when you push it in a direction different from its original direction
of motion, the ball also changes its direction (Figure 6D). In conclusion, force can make the ball, or any
object move, move faster, stop, or change its direction of motion. But, does this occur always? Can force
always effect change in the state of motion of an object?

To accurately describe the forces acting on an object, let us examine the figure below:

Figure 7 shows how force acts on a ball, but you need to be familiar with the following terms:
 magnitude – refers to the size or strength of the force. It is commonly expressed in Newton (N) for
Meter-Kilogram-Second (MKS) system, Dyne (dyn) for Centimeter–Gram–Second (CGS) system
and pounds (lbs) for Foot–Pound–Second (FPS) system. In the International System of Units (SI),
Newton is commonly used which is named after Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist and
mathematician.
There are two types of force, namely:
 direction
Contact forces – forces – points
where objectstotouch
whereorthe objectwith
contact goes. Theother.
each direction of the arrowhead indicates the direction of
the force.
Examples of contact forces: The length of the arrow represents the amount of force (relative magnitude).
 point of application – the location of where the force
1. Applied – a force given to a person or object by another person or object. is applied.
Its symbol is F depending on who or
what applies force
 line of action
to the object. –Ifisathe
boystraight
appliesline passing
a force to a wall, we denote it with FBOY. Refer to the figure
below.
2. Friction – is the force acting against or opposite an object in contact with which makes the movement of the
object slow down. Friction always opposes the motion of an object. Its symbol is written as Ff. Air resistance
denoted by FAIR is an example of frictional force of the air against a flying kite, airplanes, parachutes or those in
skydiving sports. For free-falling objects, this force is always considered negligible, meaning the magnitude is
unnoticeable.

3. Normal – is the force that acts perpendicular to the surface of the object in contact with. Its symbol is FN.

5. Tension – is the force applied to string, rope, chain or cable. Its symbol is T.

Non-contact forces – forces where objects do not touch or contact with each other. These forces act over a
zone or area called field.
Examples of non-contact forces:

1. Gravitational (Fg) – is the force of attraction between two objects. In the case of the Earth, this
gravitational force causes objects to fall down to the ground. It makes satellites and smaller objects stay in
orbit near the more massive planets. Mass and distance of the two objects affect the gravitational force that
 holds them. The bigger the masses of the objects are, the bigger is the gravitational force between them. The
closer the objects are, the greater is the gravitational force between them. The figure below illustrates
gravitational force between the Earth and the Moon. Earth has bigger gravitational force over the Moon.

The weight of an object, denoted by W, is an example of the gravitational force of the Earth towards the
object. In figure 13, the weight of a book (WBOOK) is illustrated.

However, the weight of an object depends on the mass of the celestial body where the object is attracted to. Meaning, we
seem to be lighter when we are on the moon than on the Earth.
2. Magnetic– are forces exerted on a field of attraction or repulsion as in the case of magnets and other magnetic
materials. Magnets and magnetic materials have two poles – the north and south poles. Attraction may occur when two
poles are not the same, a positive and a negative while repulsion takes place with the same poles, positive-positive and
negative-negative.

Balanced Forces
To describe a force, you must know two things. You must know the magnitude and the direction of the force. Suppose two
teams are playing tug-of-war as shown in figure 15. Each team is pulling with equal magnitude of force, FA and FB , on the
rope but in opposite directions. Neither team can make the other team move. Forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite
in direction are called balanced forces. Balanced forces do not cause a change in motion. When balanced forces act on an
object at rest, the object will not move.
 Unbalanced Forces
When you push a table and then it moves, unbalanced forces are present. Forces that cause a change in the
motion of an object are unbalanced forces. Unbalanced forces are not equal and in opposite direction.
Suppose that one of the teams in tug-of-war, as shown in figure 16, exerts greater magnitude of force, F B, on
the ground than the other team, the forces applied on the ground would no longer be equal. One team would
be able to pull the other team in the direction of the larger force.

Net or Resultant Force

In an object, there may be several forces acting on it. Net force or resultant force is the sum of all forces acting on an
object. Two or more forces in the same line of action exerted on an object are balanced if their effects cancel each other.
When an object is at rest, a zero net force would make the object remains at rest. Moreover, when the object is moving,
a zero net force would make the object maintain its velocity at a given time interval.
On the other hand, when the net force is not zero, the object’s velocity will change. A net force exerted to an object at
rest may cause the object to move. In a moving object, a net force will increase its velocity when the force is in the same
direction of its motion. If the net force is in the opposite direction of the object’s motion, the force will reduce the
object’s velocity. When the net force acts sideways on a moving object, the direction of the object’s velocity changes.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is NOT a unit of force?

A. Dyne
B. Joules
C. Newton
D. Pound

2. What refers to how large or strong is the force?

A. magnitude
B. line of action
C. velocity of the object
D. direction of the force

3. What force is always directed opposite to the motion of an object?

A. Friction
 B. Gravitational
C. Magnetic
D. Tension

4. What force pulls an object back to the Earth?

A. Applied
B. Gravitational
C. Magnetic
D. Tension

5. Which surface would be easiest for a bicycle to move?

A. Sand
B. Grass
C. Muddy road
D. Concrete road

Answer Key

Pretest
SCIENCE 8 Activity Sheet Assessment
1. C Quarter: ____ Module: 1 1. B
2. C 2. B
3. A 3. A
4. A 4. A
Name: _______________________________________
5. C
Date Submitted: _____________
5. D
Score: __________

Grade and Section: __________________________ Signature of Guardian: _________________________

Activity 1: FILL ME IN
Directions: Fill in the blanks with correct word/s. Write your answers on the space provided in each number.

1. Any push or pull is called ________________.

2. ________________ refers to the size or strength of the force while ________________ points to where the object goes.
The direction of the arrowhead indicates the direction of the force. The length of the arrow represents the
amount of force (relative magnitude).
3. There are two types of forces, namely ________________ and ________________.
4. Applied, friction, normal and tensional forces are examples of ________________ forces.
5. Gravitational and magnetic forces are examples of ________________ forces.
6. ________________ are forces that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
7. ________________ are forces that cause a change in the motion of an object.
8. The sum of all forces acting in an object is called ________________.
9. If the forces in an object are balanced, the net force is ________________.
10. If the forces in an object are unbalanced, the net force is ________________.

Activity 2: EFFECT OF FORCE ON A BALL

Directions: Examine the ball on top of the table in Figure 6. Encircle the letter of your answer to the given conditions
below:
 Reflection Part

What is the most important thing that you learned in this week?

What is the most difficult part of the lesson? Why

Feedback from Teacher

This part will NOT be answered by the student. This is the feedback of the teacher regarding your
performance.

Contact Information of Teacher

For questions and clarifications, feel free to reach me through the following: