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Lecture-11 Access Specifiers

The document discusses access specifiers in Java. There are four types of access specifiers - private, default, protected, and public. Private access is only within the class, default is within the package, protected is within the package and outside the package if there is inheritance, and public can be accessed anywhere. Access specifiers restrict the scope of variables, methods, and classes and are used to control access based on business requirements.

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Akshay Anjali Kalidas Shelke
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40 views

Lecture-11 Access Specifiers

The document discusses access specifiers in Java. There are four types of access specifiers - private, default, protected, and public. Private access is only within the class, default is within the package, protected is within the package and outside the package if there is inheritance, and public can be accessed anywhere. Access specifiers restrict the scope of variables, methods, and classes and are used to control access based on business requirements.

Uploaded by

Akshay Anjali Kalidas Shelke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Access Specifiers-

 As the name suggests access specifier’s in Java helps to restrict the scope.
 Access specifier’s plays very important role while performing the operation
on variable, methods, classes, etc.
 In other words, it is used to restrict the access of variable, methods, classes,
etc.
There are four types of access specifiers as
 Private
 Default
 Protected
 Public

Private-
 The access level of a private specifiers is only within the class.
 It can not access from outside class or outside package as scope is very
limited.\
 It apply to global variable, method, constructor and inner class only.
 Class cannot be private.
 Local variables cannot private.

public class Test{  
private int data=10;  
private void msg(){
System.out.println("Velocity");}  
}  
  
public class Example{  
 public static void main(String args[]){  
   Test test=new Test ();  
   System.out.println(test.data);//Compile Time Error  
   test.msg();//Compile Time Error  
   }  
}  
Default-
 The access level of a default specifiers is only within the package.
 It cannot be accessed from outside the package.
 When the access specifiers is not specified then it will be treated as default
members.
 It apply to global variable, local variable, constructors, method, inner class
and outer class.
 No need to use keyword default like private.
Example: Within package

public class Test{  
int data=10;   //Initializing without default keyword //correct
default void msg(){ //defining with default keyword //correct but we avoid
System.out.println("Velocity");}  
}  
  
public class Example{  
 public static void main(String args[]){  
   Test test=new Test ();  
   System.out.println(test.data);//it will work as its in same package  
   test.msg();//it will work as its in same package    
   }  
}  

Protected-
 The access level of a protected specifiers is within the package and outside
the package if inheritance is happened while calling.
 It apply to constructor, global variables, inner class and methods.
 It cannot apply to local variables and outer class.
Example: in different package

package com.test;  
public class Test{  
protected void msg(){System.out.println("Velocity");}  
}  

package com.example;  
import com.test;
  
class Example extends Test{  
  public static void main(String args[]){  
   Example  example  = new Example  ();  
   example .msg();  
  }  
}  

Public-
 It can access anywhere in the class or outside the class or same package or
different package.
 It apply to class, method, constructor, global variable, static variable, inner
class, outer class.
 Local variables cannot public because they have limited scope within the
method only. If we make it public then getting error only. “Illegal modifier
for parameter”
Note-
1. We can apply default access Specifiers or final on local variable.
private default protected public
Within class Yes Yes Yes Yes
Within No Yes Yes Yes
package
Outside No No Yes Yes
package by
subclass only
Outside No No No Yes
package non-
subclass
Why we use access specifiers?
If we have a business requirement where we need to perform the employee CRUD
operations and all the methods need to be called from getEmployeeData()
only.

Scenario-1

package com.wipro.velocity;

public class Employee {

public void addOperation() {


System.out.println("Add operation");
}
public void editOperation() {
System.out.println("Edit operation");
}
public void getOperation() {
System.out.println("Get operation");
}
public void deleteOperation() {
System.out.println("Delete operation");
}
public void getEmployeeData() {
addOperation();
editOperation();
getOperation();
deleteOperation();
}
}

Here we are directly call any method from outside class because scope is public.
Hence requirement is not fulfilled here.

Scenario-2
class Employee{

package com.wipro.velocity;

public class Employee {

private void addOperation() {


System.out.println("Add operation");
}
private void editOperation() {
System.out.println("Edit operation");
}
private void getOperation() {
System.out.println("Get operation");
}
private void deleteOperation() {
System.out.println("Delete operation");
}
public void getEmployeeData() {
addOperation();
editOperation();
getOperation();
deleteOperation();
}
}

Here we cannot directly call any method except getEmployeeData() because scope
is private. So it cannot be directly accessible from outside. We need to access it
from by calling getEmployeeData ().
In this way, we use the access specifiers.

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