CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKE RESISTING STRUCTURES

Earthquake-resistant or aseismic structures are designed to protect buildings to some or
greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from
earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better
during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. According to building codes,
earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain
probability that is likely to occur at their location. This means the loss of life should be
minimized by preventing collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of the
functionality should be limited for more frequent ones.

1.2 INTRODUCTION TO FLUID VISCOUS DAMPERS

Fluid viscous dampers, or seismic dampers as they are sometimes referred to, are hydraulic
devices that, when stroked, dissipate the energy placed on a structure by seismic events, wind
buffering or thermal motion. The concept is simple – the viscous dampers convert the kinetic
energy of the structural movement into heat and then dissipate that energy into the air,
thereby obeying the laws of physics through the conservation of energy. Compact, yet
powerful, these dampers increase structural damping levels to as much as 50% of critical, the
results being a truly dramatic reduction in stress and deflection.

1.3 TYPES OF MATERIALS USED FOR DAMPERS

 All materials used are corrosion protected, usually with a combination of plating
and paint. Special paints and colours are used.
 Fully heat treated solid stainless steel is always used for the piston rod.
 Silicone fluid is used that is completely non-toxic and is cosmetically and
chemically inert. This fluid is very thermally stable, does not experience viscosity
break-down and does not settle out. Its flashpoint is greater than 600°F and is non-
flammable and non-combustible.

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1.4 BENEFITS OF USING FLUID VISCOUS DAMPERS
 Substantial stress reduction – greatly enhanced damping lowers both stress and
deflection throughout a structure. This allows the structure to remain elastic.
 Allows designers to reduce cost of the structure by utilizing smaller structural
elements and less complex foundations while improving the dynamic performance of
the structure.
 The easily installed passive dampers are extremely reliable with no dependence on
outside energy sources.

1.5 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT

 The building shall withstand with almost no damage to moderate earthquake
which have probability of occurring several times during life of a building.
 The building shall not collapse or harm human lives during severe earthquake
motions which have a probability of occurring less than once during the life of the
life of the building.
 Modelling and analysing of the structure with and without addition of viscous
dampers.
 Comparative study will be done on story displacement and story drift for the
model with and without viscous dampers.

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 CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

 Vajreshwari Umachangi, Katta Venkataramana, G.R.Reddy, Rajeev Verma:

The author explains about the type of dampers which has become most popular now a days
for vibration control in the structure. The paper presents a knowledge or introduction to the
behaviour of the damper in seismically affected areas in which the structures are build.

The author conclude that in recent years, the use of seismic or earthquake control system has
been increased but it is very important that selecting the appropriate damper and installing in
the structure to reduce the vibration in the structure.

 SU MYAT AYE, DR. KYAW MOE AUNG:

The building which is used for the proposed study is in Mandalay, Myanmar which comes in
earthquake zone IV. The structure is of 15 story RC structure which is L-shaped used for
residential purpose. The members of the structure are designed according to ACI 318-99 and
load considered according UBC-97. The model of the structure is generated in ETABs v9.7.1
and analysed by using response spectrum method is used for dynamic analysis. As to control
the seismic hazards of the building, the author took two types of damper

1. Viscous fluid damper

2. Viscoelastic damper

The mechanical properties of the damper are taken by the manufacture’s report. The damper
are applied to the base story in X- direction. After the analysis the results are compared.

By comparing the result of the three cases of the proposed structure, the author concluded
that the viscous damper is the most effective for decreasing the seismic response of the
structure. According to the obtained results, the viscous damper reduce the results up to 40%
to 50% but about viscoelastic damper it allows to reduce only 15% to 25% for all parameters.
Hence is concluded that adding dampers to the structure will definitely reduce the seismic
response of the structure.

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2.2 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEWS
The above method used for construction of the Earthquake resisting buildings are:
Fluid Viscous Dampers.
Viscous dampers are the most effective for decreasing the seismic response of the structure.
According to the above literature review Fluid viscous dampers can reduce the deflection up
to 40% to 50%.
Mainly used for high-storey buildings.

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 CHAPTER - 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO METHODOLOGY

In this study, a multi-story RC framed building is taken into account. Three distinct models
are designed to study the behaviour of viscous damper on the structure in zone V.

These models are as follows: -

1. Building with Fixed Base(No damper)

2. Building with Viscous Damper at corner bays of each story

All the models are analyzed to study their seismic performance while considering the
parameters such as Story displacement and Story drift.

3.2 STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND MODELLING

Type of Building: Utility building

Location of Building: Rann of Kutch,

Gujarat Plan dimensions: 28m X 15m

Numbers of floors: 11

Length in X- direction: 28m

Length in Y-direction: 15m

Floor to Floor height: 3m

Bottom Floor height: 3.5m

Total height of building: 33.5m

Slab thickness: 150mm

Column size: 500m X 500m

Beam size: 450m X 300m

Zone: V

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Seismic Intensity: Moderate

Importance factor(I): 1.5

Response Reduction Factor (R): 5

Soil type: Type III (soft soil)

Grade of concrete (Beam): M30

Grade of concrete (Column): M30

Grade of concrete (Slab): M30

Reinforcement: Fe-415

Unit weight of concrete: 25KN/m2

Property of Viscous Damper Used:

Model No. 17120

Force- 250kN & Weight-44kg

(All FVD data from the US Based company Taylor Devices

Inc.) There are 3 models taken in the analysis

1. Building with fixed base (no damper)

3. Building with Viscous Damper at corner bays of each story.

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 CHAPTER – 4
STORY DRIFTS AND DISPLACEMENTS

4.1 STORY DRIFT

Story drift can be defined as the lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above
or below it. As per Clause no. 7.11.1 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, the Story drift in any story
due to specified design lateral force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004
times the story height. As per modelled story height of 3m the maximum permitted drift is
12mm. i.e. Maximum drift permitted = 0.004 x 3000 = 12mm.

4.1.1 STORY DRIFT IN X-DIRECTION

MODE STORY DRIFT IN X-DIRECTION

CORNER NO ALLOWABLE LIMIT

AS PER IS 1893
DAMPER DAMPER

STORY 11 9.637 33.848 12

STORY 10 9.812 18.657 12

STORY 9 9.922 15.805 12

STORY 8 9.879 14.775 12

STORY 7 9.626 14.087 12

STORY 6 9.12 13.283 12

STORY 5 8.328 12.194 12

STORY 4 7.231 10.744 12

STORY 3 5.822 8.91 12

STORY 2 4.592 6.724 12

STORY 1 1.889 4.465 14

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 (FIGURE 1: STORY DRIFT IN X-DIRECTION )

4.1.2 STORY DRIFT IN Y-DIRECTION

MODE STORY DRIFT IN Y-DIRECTION

CORNER NO ALLOWABLE LIMIT

AS PER IS 1893
DAMPER DAMPER

STORY 11 5.77 37.019 12

STORY 10 5.915 20.392 12

STORY 9 6.00 17.269 12

STORY 8 5.98 16.186 12

STORY 7 5.819 15.465 12

STORY 6 5.482 14.611 12

STORY 5 4.953 13.438 12

STORY 4 4.241 11.87 12

STORY 3 3.273 9.89 12

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STORY 2 1.994 7.52 12

STORY 1 1.203 5.097 14

( FIGURE 2: STORY DRIFT IN Y-DIRECTION )

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 4.2 STORY DISPLACEMENTS

According to IS 1893-2002, allowable deflection is calculated as h/250,

where ‘h’ is total height of building in millimetres(mm).
Adopting the above practice, the displacements in X and Y Direction must lie
within 134 mm (33500 / 250 = 134) where 33500 mm is the height of model
building.

4.2.1 STORY DISPLACEMENTS IN X-DIRECTION

MODE STORY DISPLACEMENT IN X-

DIRECTION
CORNER NO DAMPER ALLOWABLE
LIMIT AS PER
DAMPER
IS 1893
STORY 11 105.364 153.494 134

STORY 10 93.535 149.028 122

STORY 9 81.428 142.304 110

STORY 8 69.163 133.394 98

STORY 7 56.927 122.65 86

STORY 6 44.987 110.456 74

STORY 5 33.672 97.172 62

STORY 4 23.342 83.085 50

STORY 3 14.397 68.31 38

STORY 2 7.256 52.504 26

STORY 1 2.361 33.848 14

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 ( FIGURE 3: STORY DISPLACEMENT IN X- DIRECTION )

4.2.2 STORY DISPLACEMENT IN Y-DIRECTION

MODE STORY DISPLACEMENTS IN Y-

DIRECTION
CORNER NO DAMPER ALLOWABLE
LIMIT AS PER IS
DAMPER 1893

STORY 11 69.234 168.75 134

STORY 10 61.351 163.66 122

STORY 9 53.267 156.14 110

STORY 8 45.018 146.25 98

STORY 7 36.723 134.38 86

STORY 6 28.571 120.94 74

STORY 5 20.804 106.33 62

STORY 4 13.707 90.86 50

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STORY 3 7.611 74.68 38

STORY 2 2.901 57.41 26

STORY 1 1.598 37.01 14

( FIGURE 4: STORY DISPLACEMENT IN Y-DIRECTION )

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 CHAPTER - 5

RESULTS AFTER ANALYSIS

5.1 MAXIMUM STORY DRIFT

MODEL MAXIMUM STORY DRIFT

BUILDING WITH NO DAMPERS 30.019

BUILDING WITH VISCOUS DAMPERS 9.922

( FIGURE 5: MAXIMUM STORY DRIFT IN X AND Y DIRECTIONS )

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 5.2 MAXIMUM STORY DISPLACEMENT

MODEL MAXIMUM STORY

DISPLACEMENT

BUILDING WITH NO DAMPERS 168.75

BUILDING WITH VISCOUS DAMPERS 105.36

( FIGURE 6: MAXIMUM STORY DISPLACEMENT IN X AND Y

DIRECTIONS )

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 CHAPTER – 6
CONCLUSION
The analysis was carried out taking into consideration that the buildings are located in zone
‘V’.
The graphs for Story drifts and Story displacement were plotted and were compared with
each model.

The major conclusions drawn from the study were as follows: -

 1.From the result, it is clear that Building without damper fails under permissible
story drift. As compared to Without damper building, the building having damper at
Corner reduces the maximum drift value by85% which took corner damped building
to safer side.
 From the result, it clears that Building with damper at corner location gives good
response under seismic condition and also graph shows that without damper building,
the displacement reached to its peak limit. So, application of damper at corner
reduces the displacement by approximately 60%. Hence, Damper at corner gives
satisfactory result under seismic condition.

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 REFERENCES

 Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures - Agarwal Shrikhande

 Understanding Building Failures – James Douglas and Bill Ransom ( 4th Edition )

 Earthquake-resistance-design-techniques-for-civil-structure

 Earthquake-Resistant.pdf (Dr.G.P.Chandradhara)

 www.jeaconf.orgRecent advances in Earthquake resisting constructions

 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

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