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Vector Operation

The document discusses scalar and vector quantities, with vectors having both magnitude and direction. It describes how to represent vectors graphically as arrows and how to calculate the sum of two vectors by joining the head of one arrow to the tail of the other. The document also explains how to express vectors using their x, y, and z components in rectangular coordinate systems and how to perform vector operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

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Lancel Alcantara
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
179 views

Vector Operation

The document discusses scalar and vector quantities, with vectors having both magnitude and direction. It describes how to represent vectors graphically as arrows and how to calculate the sum of two vectors by joining the head of one arrow to the tail of the other. The document also explains how to express vectors using their x, y, and z components in rectangular coordinate systems and how to perform vector operations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

Uploaded by

Lancel Alcantara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vectors

Scalar and Vector


A scalar is a mathematical quantity
with magnitude only (in physics,
mass, pressure or speed are good
examples).
Scalar and Vector
A vector quantity has magnitude and
direction. Displacement, velocity,
momentum, force, and
acceleration are all vector quantities.
Rectangular Form
Cartesian coordinate system
(rectangular coordinate system)
Polar Form
plane polar coordinates (r, θ)
VECTOR
Many of the quantities we encounter in physics have
both magnitude (“how much”) and
direction. These are vector quantities.
We can represent vectors graphically as arrows and
then the sum of two vectors is found
(graphically) by joining the head of one to the tail of
the other and then connecting head to
tail for the combination, as shown in Fig. 1.1 . The
sum of two (or more) vectors is often
called the resultant.
VECTOR
We can add vectors in any order we want: A+B =
B+A. We say that vector addition
is “commutative”.
We express vectors in component form using the
unit vectors i, j and k, which each
have magnitude 1 and point along the x, y and z
axes of the coordinate system, respectively.
VECTOR
VECTOR
Any vector can be expressed as a sum of
multiples of these basic vectors; for example,
for the vector A we would write:
A = Axi + Ayj + Azk .
Here we would say that Ax is the x component of
the vector A; likewise for y and z.
VECTOR
we illustrate how we get the components for a
vector which is the sum of two
other vectors. If
A = Axi + Ayj + Azk and B = Bxi + Byj + Bzk
then
A + B = (Ax + Bx)i + (Ay + By)j + (Az + Bz)k
VECTOR
In terms of its components, the magnitude
(“length”) of a vector A (which we write as
A) is given by:
VECTOR
Multiplying Vectors
There are two ways to “multiply” two vectors
together.
The scalar product (or dot product) of the
vectors a and b is given by
VECTOR
where a is the magnitude of a, b is the
magnitude of b and is the angle between a and
b.
The scalar product is commutative: a · b = b · a.
One can show that a · b is related to
the components of a and b by:
VECTOR
The vector product (or cross product) of vectors
a and b is a vector c whose mag-
nitude is given by

The vector product of a and b can be computed


from the components of these vectors
by:
Vector Operation
plane polar coordinates (r, θ)
Properties of Vector
Operations
Properties of Vector
Operations
Properties of Vector
Operations
Example

The Cartesian coordinates of a point in the xy-


plane are (x, y) = (-3.50 m, -2.50 m), Find the
polar coordinates of this point.
Example
Example

Convert (r, θ) = (5.00 m, 37.0°) to rectangular


coordinates
Example
Example
(a) What is the sum in unit–vector notation of
the two vectors a = 4.0i+ 3.0j
and b = −13.0i + 7.0j? (b) What are the
magnitude and direction of a + b?
Example
Given u = 〈3, − 2〉 and v = 〈−1, 4〉, find two
new vectors u + v, and u − v.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Find the cross product of a=(1,2,3) and
b=(4,5,6)
Example

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