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1MRS756659 MicroSCADA Pro SYS 600 9.3
Issued: 31.03.2010 OPC Server
Version: B/31.12.2010
Technical Description

1. About this manual .....................................................................5

1.1. Copyrights .....................................................................................5
1.2. Trademarks ...................................................................................5
1.3. General .........................................................................................5
1.4. Related documents .......................................................................6
1.5. Document revisions .......................................................................6
2. Data Access Server ...................................................................7
2.1. General .........................................................................................7
2.2. Item names ...................................................................................7
2.2.1. Absolute name space ........................................................8
2.2.2. Application relative name space .....................................10
2.2.3. User defined name space ...............................................13
2.2.4. SYS 600 object attributes ................................................14
2.3. Item properties ............................................................................14
2.3.1. Overview .........................................................................14
2.3.2. Property ID’s ...................................................................15
2.3.3. Item ID’s of the properties ...............................................16
2.3.4. Event properties ..............................................................16
2.4. Item values ..................................................................................17
2.4.1. Update policy ..................................................................17
2.4.2. Data types .......................................................................18
2.4.3. Time stamps ....................................................................21
2.4.4. Quality .............................................................................22
2.4.5. Error codes ......................................................................23
2.5. Special purpose OPC items ........................................................24
2.5.1. NAMESPACE items ........................................................24
2.5.2. SCIL language items .......................................................27
2.6. Implementation notes ..................................................................29
2.6.1. IOPCCommon .................................................................29
2.6.2. IOPCServer .....................................................................31
2.6.3. IOPCItemProperties ........................................................32
2.6.4. IOPCServerPublicGroups ...............................................32
2.6.5. IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace .................................32
2.6.6. IPersistFile ......................................................................33
2.6.7. IOPCItemMgt ..................................................................33
2.6.8. IOPCGroupStateMgt .......................................................33
2.6.9. IOPCSyncIO and IOPCAsyncIO2 ...................................34
2.6.10. IOPCAsyncIO and IDataObject .......................................35
2.6.11. IOPCDataCallback ..........................................................35
2.6.12. IAdviseSink .....................................................................35
3. Alarms and Events Server ......................................................37
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3.1. General ....................................................................................... 37

3.2. Application design ....................................................................... 37
3.3. Connecting to the server ............................................................. 38
3.4. Process areas and event sources .............................................. 38
3.5. Conditions ................................................................................... 38
3.6. Events ......................................................................................... 38
3.7. Implementation notes ................................................................. 39
3.7.1. IOPCCommon ................................................................ 39
3.7.2. IOPCEventServer ........................................................... 39
3.7.3. IOPCEventServer2 ......................................................... 39
3.7.4. IOPCEventAreaBrowser ................................................. 39
3.7.5. IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt ............................................ 39
3.7.6. IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt2 .......................................... 40
3.7.7. IOPCEventSink ............................................................... 40
4. Application OPC Server ......................................................... 41
4.1. General ....................................................................................... 41
4.2. Configuration .............................................................................. 41
4.3. Functionality ................................................................................ 43
4.4. Item names ................................................................................. 45
5. Index ........................................................................................ 47

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1. About this manual

1.1. Copyrights
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not
be construed as a commitment by ABB Oy. ABB Oy assumes no responsibility for
any errors that may appear in this document.
In no event shall ABB Oy be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or
consequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this document,
nor shall ABB Oy be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising from
use of any software or hardware described in this document.
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB Oy, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third
party nor used for any unauthorized purpose.
The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
Copyright © 2010 ABB Oy
All rights reserved.

1.2. Trademarks
Registrations and trademarks used in this document include:
Windows: Registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

1.3. General
This manual provides information for application programmers that build up OPC
(OLE for Process Control) client applications interacting with SYS 600.
The SYS 600 system contains three different OPC (OLE for Process Control) server
implementations based on the specifications of OPC Foundation. The documents
containing these specifications are listed below in Section 1.4.
The three OPC servers are the following:
1. Data Access Server is an implementation of OPC Data Access Custom Interface
Standard. It exposes all the data in the SYS 600 database to its clients. There is a
single instance of the server, which runs as an integrated process within the
SYS 600 base system. This server is described in Chapter 2.
2. Alarms and Events Server is an implementation of OPC Alarms and Events
Custom Interface Standard. It sends notifications of significant events to its
clients. Each SYS 600 application runs its own instance of the server as an
integrated process within the SYS 600 base system. This server is described in
Chapter 3.
3. Application OPC Server is an implementation of OPC Data Access Custom
Interface Standard. It is a tunneling server that is usually run in the computer
where the client application runs. It exposes the data of the connected Data
Access Server to the client(s). The Application OPC Server is used in redundant
(HSB) SYS 600 systems. It supervises the state of an application in the

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redundant system. On the event of HSB takeover, it automatically connects to

the new hot application. The client applications continue to run undisturbed and
without loss of data. This server is described in Chapter 4.

1.4. Related documents

The following SYS 600 manuals should be available for reference during the use of
this manual:

Name of the manual MRS number

Application Objects 1MRS756660
System Objects 1MRS756662
Programming Language SCIL 1MRS756661

The SYS 600 OPC Server implementation is based on the following documents by
OPC Foundation:

Name of the document Version

OPC Overview Version 1.0., October 27, 1998
OPC Common Definitions and Interfaces Version 1.0., October 27, 1998
OPC Data Access Custom Interface Version 2.05A., June 28, 2002
Standard
OPC Alarms and Events Custom Version 1.10, October 2, 2002
Interface Standard

1.5. Document revisions

Version Revision number Date History

A 9.3 31.03.2010 New document
B 9.3 FP1 31.12.2010 Document updated

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2. Data Access Server

2.1. General
The SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server is an implementation of the interface
specification OPC Data Access Custom Interface Standard, Version 2.05A, on the
SYS 600 system.
The main features of the Data Access Server include the following:
• All the objects of the SYS 600 database are exposed by the server as OPC items.
See Section 2.2.
• All the attributes of the SYS 600 objects are exposed by the server as OPC items
and as OPC item properties. See Section 2.3.
• The server implements three item name spaces for the different needs of different
client applications. See Section 2.2.
• The server supports the dynamic object space of SYS 600 by implementing a few
special purpose items that the client applications may use to keep track of newly
created and deleted objects. See Section 2.5.
• The whole functionality that the SYS 600 implementation language SCIL offers
for reading and writing objects (evaluating object attributes, commands #SET
and #MODIFY) is also available by reading and writing OPC items. See Section
2.6.9.
• The full power of the SCIL language is reached by client applications via some
special purpose OPC items. See Section 2.5.
• The server is capable of delivering all the changes of an item to the client
applications by implementing true update rate 0 OPC item groups. See Section
2.4.
• A great effort has been put on the consistency of the data that is seen by the client
applications. See Sections 2.6.9 and 2.6.11.
• The updating of the values of OPC items is highly optimized for fast access and
low overhead. See Section 2.4.
• The server fully supports multilingual SYS 600 applications. See Section 2.6.1.
• The server is fully integrated to the SYS 600 base system software. It is started
and stopped by the SYS 600 application.
This chapter provides information for application programmers that build up OPC
data access client applications interacting with SYS 600.

2.2. Item names

The Data Access Server implements three different name spaces for OPC items:
1. The absolute name space exposes all the SYS 600 objects to the clients as OPC
items. The hierarchy of the name space is predefined by the OPC server. The
OPC item names are equal to the SYS 600 object names.
2. The application relative name space exposes the SYS 600 objects of the
primary application to the clients. The name space is a subset of the absolute
name space.

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3. The user defined name space offers an alternative view to the SYS 600 objects
and their attributes. The hierarchy of the name space, as well as the item names
are defined by the application engineering.

2.2.1. Absolute name space

Absolute Name Space

Fig. 2.2.1.-1 The absolute name space

The root of the absolute name space is the SYS 600 system itself. As seen in
Fig. 2.2.1.-1, the highest level items correspond to the base system (B) objects of
the SCIL object name space:
APL Application objects
IND Input device objects
LIN Link objects
MON Monitor objects
NOD Node objects
PRI Printer objects
STA Station objects
STY Station type objects
SYS The system object
The last item seen in Fig. 2.2.1.-1, the NAMESPACE item, is a special purpose OPC
item used to report the changes in the name space, see Section 2.5.

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Two of the highest level item branches have been opened to show that there are three
applications and four stations defined in the system.
The fully qualified OPC item ID begins with two backslashes (\\) to indicate that it
is an absolute name space item ID. The branch item names that make up the path to
the item are separated by a single backslash.
Some examples of a valid absolute item ID’s are listed below:
\\SYS The base system object SYS:B
\\STA\3 The base system object STA3:B
\\APL\1 The base system object APL1:B
\\APL\1\P\ABC\1 The process object ABC:1P1
The ‘Windows style’ naming of absolute name space items (instead of the
conventional naming with dot separated names often seen in OPC servers) is
selected for three reasons:
• The dot separated names are reserved for the user defined name space.
• A dot is a valid character in SYS 600 object names. Depending on the application
engineering, it may or may not imply a hierarchy.
• The prefix ‘\\’ of the absolute name space item ID’s makes a distinction between
the absolute and application relative item ID’s.
The application branches that refer to a HOT application (in Fig. 2.2.1.-1, the branch
\\APL\1) open further to expose the application data bases. They are described in the
next section in more detail. As seen in the example above (\\APL\1\P\ABC\1), the
application objects may be accessed by absolute name space item ID’s as well.

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2.2.2. Application relative name space

Application Name Space

Fig. 2.2.2.-1 The application relative name space

The root of the application relative name space is the primary application of the
SYS 600 system. The primary application is defined by the PA (Primary
Application) attribute of the SYS object (SYS:BPA in SCIL). See the Application
Objects manual.
The highest level items correspond to the application object types:
P Process objects
H Event handling objects
X Scale objects
F Free type objects
D Data objects
C Command procedure objects
T Time channel objects
A Event channel objects
S System objects
The item named OPC serves as the root of the user defined name space.
The items SCIL and SCIL PROGRAM are special purpose OPC items used to
interact with the SCIL language, see Section 2.5.

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The last two items seen in Fig. 2.2.2.-1, the NAMESPACE and the
OPC NAMESPACE item, are special purpose OPC items used to report the changes
in the name space, see Section 2.5.
The fully qualified OPC item ID begins with a backslash (\) to indicate that it is an
application relative item ID. The branch item names that make up the path to the
item are separated by a single backslash.
Some examples of valid application relative item ID’s are listed below:
\ The application itself, i.e. APLn:B, where n is the primary
application
\P\ABC\1 The process object ABC:P1
\D\ABC The data object ABC:D
All the application relative item ID’s may also be given as absolute item ID’s. For
example, if the application 1 is the primary application, the item ID’s \P\ABC\1 and
\\APL\1\P\ABC\1 denote the same SYS 600 object.
If you want to create an OPC item ID for an object that is not located in the primary
application, a fully qualified absolute item ID must be used.
The top level branches of the application relative name space may be opened further
to list the object names, as seen in Fig. 2.2.2.-2.

Data Object Items

Fig. 2.2.2.-2 Data objects of the application

In case of process objects, the names may still be opened to list the indices of the
object, as seen in Fig. 2.2.2.-3.

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Process Object Items

Fig. 2.2.2.-3 Item path of a process object

The system (S) objects are not shown by the browser. The reason for this is, that the
OPC Server (nor the SYS 600 base system) has no means to find out, which objects
are configured in the PC-NET program. The S objects are fully managed by the PC-
NET.
However, a client may create an OPC item ID for a system object provided that it
knows the name. For example, the following are valid S object item ID’s:
\S\STA5 Station 5
\S\STA\5 Station 5, a synonym of \S\STA5
\S\NET\2 NET 2
The OPC server accepts all syntactically correct system object items. Only when the
object is later accessed, the client may know that the object really exists in the
current system.

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2.2.3. User defined name space

Defined Name Space

Fig. 2.2.3.-1 The user defined name space

The root of the user define name space is the OPC item of the application.
The hierarchy and the item names of the user defined name space are defined by the
application engineering.
There are two ways to define the user name space:
1. ON (OPC Item Name) attribute of process, data and command procedure
objects, see the Application Objects manual.
2. The SCIL function OPC_NAME_MANAGER, see the Programming Language
SCIL manual.
A user defined OPC name actually creates an alias name for a SYS 600 object or one
of its attributes.
Contrary to the SYS 600 object names, the user defined OPC item names are case-
sensitive and may contain any visible characters (except for colons) and embedded
spaces. The hierarchy is indicated by dots.
The item ID of the breaker position item depicted in Fig. 2.2.3.-1 is
Tipperary.Feeder 1.Breaker.Position

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The same object is reached by using the other two name spaces:
\\APL\1\OPC\Tipperary.Feeder 1.Breaker.Position
\OPC\Tipperary.Feeder 1.Breaker.Position

2.2.4. SYS 600 object attributes

An OPC name space browser shows the available items to the level of SYS 600
objects.
However, the SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server exposes all the attributes of all the
objects to the OPC clients as well.
The attributes are shown as the properties of the OPC items as well as separate items.
For creating an OPC item ID for the attribute of a SYS 600 object, see Section 2.3.3.

2.3. Item properties

2.3.1. Overview
The SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server supports the OPC defined standard
properties 1 - 6 for every OPC item.
Items that correspond to SYS 600 database objects have additional, vendor specific
properties as shown in Fig. 2.3.1.-1. These properties match exactly the SCIL
attributes of the object.
Some items in the SYS 600 item name space are neither readable nor writeable
(because they have no ‘object value’), but still have a set of properties. All the items
that correspond to the base system objects of SYS 600 are examples of such items
(\\SYS, \\APL\1 etc.).
In summary, all the attributes of all the SYS 600 objects, except for system (S type)
objects, can be accessed as item properties via the Data Access Server. The attributes
of the S type objects are totally managed by the PC-NET program; they are not
known by the OPC server (or the SYS 600 base system).

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Item Properties

Fig. 2.3.1.-1 Properties of the process object item \\APL\1\P\ABC\1

2.3.2. Property ID’s

According to the OPC standard, the property id’s of vendor specific properties are
5000 or greater.
In SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server, the property id is calculated from the
corresponding two-letter attribute name:
Attribute name Property ID
AA 5001
AB 5002
AZ 5026
BA 5027
BB 5028
ZZ 5676
Because the attribute names of SYS 600 objects are object type specific, also the
property ID’s are item type specific. Two properties that have the same ID may or
may not mean the same thing, depending on the type of the object that the item
corresponds to.

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The method IOPCItemProperties::QueryAvailableProperties may be used to find

out the properties of an OPC item. The description of the vendor specific attributes
contains the two-letter name and a short description of the corresponding attribute,
as shown in Fig. 2.3.1.-1.
The method IOPCItemProperties::GetItemProperties reads the values of specified
properties of an item.

2.3.3. Item ID’s of the properties

Every vendor specific property of the Data Access Server may also be referred to as
a separate item. The ID of the item is formed by appending a colon and the two-letter
SCIL attribute name to the item ID of the containing item.
The method IOPCItemProperties::LookupItemIDs may be used to find out the item
ID’s for the properties.
Some valid item ID’s of properties are listed below as examples:
Item ID SCIL attribute
\P\ABC\1:AA ABC:PAA1
\\APL\2\P\ABC1:AZ ABC:2PAZ1
\\SYS:TI SYS:BTI
\\APL\1:SV APL1:BSV
\:UV APL:BUV
If the attribute has an array value (VECTOR type in SCIL), a single element or a
slice of elements may be referred to by indexing in the item name:
\\APL\1:SV(5) APL1:BSV5 or APL1:BSV(5)
\:UV(1..5) APL:BUV(1..5)

2.3.4. Event properties

Process objects have a few special attributes, called event history attributes, that are
related to events and have no persisting value. In SCIL, they are read from the
history database using the function HISTORY_DATABASE_MANAGER.
In the Data Access Server, three of the event history attributes are exposed to the
clients as event properties:
• CA (Changed Attribute) tells which attribute caused the event logging.
• MX (Message Text) is the language sensitive description of the event.
• US (User Name) is the name of the MicroSCADA user who caused the event.
For example, these event attributes may be accessed as OPC items \P\ABC\1:CA,
\P\ABC\1:MX and \P\ABC\1:US.
Because these attributes do not have a persistent value, a zero update rate should be
used in their subscription.
In some OPC client applications, these properties may solve the requirements
otherwise fulfilled only by connecting to SYS 600 via the Alarms and Events Server
as well.
For details of event history attributes, see the Application Objects manual.

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2.4. Item values

This sectionsection describes the update policy of items, the used data types of OPC
item values, and the properties related to the values: Quality, Time stamp and Error
codes.

2.4.1. Update policy

The updating of item values is highly optimized for fast access and minimal
overhead. This is very important in large SYS 600 systems, which may contain
hundreds of thousands of objects, each having tens of properties. The number of
potential OPC items is several millions. In order to do the required optimization, two
update policies are implemented in the Data Access Server, REPORT and POLL.

REPORT and POLL policy

The items that have the update policy REPORT, are never cyclically read from the
SYS 600 (polled) by the OPC server. When a client subscribes to a REPORT policy
item, the OPC Server subscribes to the SYS 600 object it refers to. The SYS 600
base system returns the current (initial) value for the item, and after that, sends
spontaneously any changes of the value to the OPC server.
The items that have the update policy POLL, are not spontaneously updated by the
SYS 600 base system. The OPC server reads the values from SYS 600 cyclically or
by demand.
The REPORT policy items cause no CPU load in the system when they do not
change, while POLL policy items do.

Update rate 0
By implementing the REPORT policy, the Data Access Server may offer true update
rate 0 groups, that are not often seen in other OPC servers. If the update rate of a
group is set to 0, the server implementation guarantees that all the changes of the
items in the group will be seen by the client, i.e. no events are lost.
However, the clients should use update rate 0 groups carefully. The traffic between
the server and the client may increase drastically when rapidly changing items are
added to the group. For example, it normally makes no sense to subscribe to all the
changes of rapidly fluctuating analog input objects.

Polled items
The Data Access Server implementation prefers the REPORT policy when it selects
the update policy of different items. As a matter of fact, almost all the items obey the
REPORT policy.
The items that are implemented to use the POLL update policy are the following:
• The special purpose SCIL language items SCIL and SCIL PROGRAM, see
Section 2.5.2.
• The system object items (the ones located in the S branch of a SYS 600
application), i.e. the items that are managed by the PC-NET program.
• The items that refer to an index or an index range of a SYS 600 object attribute,
for example \:SV4 (the system variable 4 of the primary application) or

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\\APL\1\D\ABC:OV(1..100) (the 100 first history registrations of the data object

ABC in application 1).
• The individual base system object attributes listed in Table 2.4.1-1. These are
mainly rapidly changing diagnostic type attributes. No client is likely to want to
see all their changes.
Table 2.4.1-1 The attributes that use the POLL update policy
Object type Attribute SCIL name OPC name Description

SYS CD SYS:BCD \\SYS:CD External Clock Data

CS SYS:BCS \\SYS:CS External Clock Status
DD SYS:BDD \\SYS:DD DDE Server Diagnostics
MF SYS:BMF \\SYS:MF Memory Blocks Free
MU SYS:BMU \\SYS:MU Memory Blocks Used
PU SYS:BPU \\SYS:PU Picture Cache Used
RU SYS:BRU \\SYS:RU Report Cache Used
APL AU APLn:BAU \\APL\n:AU APL-APL Server Queue Used
EU APLn:BEU \\APL\n:EU Event Queue Used
HD APLn:BHD \\APL\n:HD Host Diagnostics
ID APLn:BID \\APL\n:ID Image Diagnostics
PS APLn:BPS \\APL\n:PS Printer Spool Stop
QO APLn:BQO \\APL\n:QO Queued Objects
QU APLn:BQU \\APL\n:QU Queue Used
RO APLn:BRO \\APL\n:RO Running Objects
RS APLn:BRS \\APL\n:RS Report Task Stop
SD APLn:BSD \\APL\n:SD Shadowing Diagnostic Counters
NOD LT NODn:BLT \\NOD\n:LT Last Transaction
RT NODn:BRT \\NOD\n:RT Registration Time
LIN DC LINn:BDC \\LIN\n:DC Diagnostic Counters
PRI CL PRIn:BCL \\PRI\n:CL Printer Control
LN PRIn:BLN \\PRI\n:LN Line Number
QU PRIn:BQU \\PRI\n:QU Queue Length Used
ST PRIn:BST \\PRI\n:ST Printer State
MON MS MONn:BMS \\MON\n:MS Monitor Stop

2.4.2. Data types

Overview
This section describes the data types used by the SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server.
The conversion rules between the SCIL data types and the OLE data types are
summarized in Table 2.4.2-1 below.

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Table 2.4.2-1 Conversion rules between SCIL and OLE data types
Also accepted when written
SCIL Data Type OLE Native Data Type
or subscribed

INTEGER VT_I4 VT_I1, VT_UI1, VT_I2,

VT_UI2, VT_UI4, VT_INT,
VT_UINT
REAL VT_R4 VT_R8
BOOLEAN VT_BOOL
TIME VT_DATE
TEXT VT_BSTR
BIT_STRING VT_I1 | VT_ARRAY
BYTE_STRING VT_UI1 | VT_ARRAY
VECTOR of INTEGER VT_I4 | VT_ARRAY VT_I1 ... VT_UINT |
VT_ARRAY, see above
VECTOR of REAL VT_R4 | VT_ARRAY VT_R8 | VT_ARRAY
VECTOR of BOOLEAN VT_BOOL | VT_ARRAY
VECTOR of TIME VT_DATE | VT_ARRAY
VECTOR of TEXT VT_BSTR | VT_ARRAY
VECTOR of other data types VT_VARIANT | VT_ARRAY,
see below
VECTOR of mixed data types VT_VARIANT | VT_ARRAY,
see below
LIST VT_VARIANT | VT_ARRAY,
see below

Simple data types

The simple data types of SCIL (INTEGER, REAL, BOOLEAN, TIME and TEXT),
as well as the vectors of simple data types, have a natural corresponding native data
type in OLE (VT_I4, VT_R4, VT_BOOL, VT_DATE and VT_BSTR).
When items of these types are written or subscribed to, also some close OLE data
types are accepted, see Table 2.4.2-1. Note however, that if for example an
INTEGER item (native data type VT_I4) is added to a group with the requested data
type VT_I2, the automatic data type conversion fails if the current value of the item
exceeds the range of VT_I2 type.

Bit strings and byte strings

BIT_STRING and BYTE_STRING items are represented as arrays of VT_I1 and
VT_UI1 data, respectively. Consequently, if integer arrays are written by the client,
other array element types than VT_I1 and VT_UI1 should be used. Otherwise,
SYS 600 may interpret the array as a bit string or a byte string.

Vectors
For vectors of simple data types, see ‘Simple data types’ above.

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The vectors of non-simple data types (as well as vectors of mixed data types) are
represented as arrays of VT_VARIANT. Each element VARIANT may then be of
different OLE data type.
There is no support in OLE for passing the status codes of vector elements to the
client. The elements with status codes from 1 to 9 (“almost OK values”) are passed
as good values. The elements with a status code 10 or higher are considered as
missing, they are converted to OLE data type VT_EMPTY.
The indexing of OLE arrays starts from 1 as in SCIL. For every OLE array passed
to the client, the SafeArrayGetLBound function of OLE returns the value 1.

The data type VT_VARIANT | VT_ARRAY is not on the list of

the data types that every OPC Server should support. Therefore,
general purpose clients may not be capable of displaying this data
type.

Lists
OLE does not support any data type that corresponds to the LIST type of SCIL.
An artificial mapping is implemented: a list is represented as a VARIANT array,
where the element VARIANT’s are as follows:
1. Type VT_CY, value 0. This works as a flag to tell that a list value follows.
VT_CY (currency) is not otherwise used, therefore it can be used as a flag.
2. Type VT_BSTR, the name of the first attribute.
3. The value of the first attribute, data type according to Table 2.4.2-1.
4. VT_BSTR, the name of the second attribute.
5. The value of the second attribute.
6. And so on.

Example
The SCIL data structure
LIST(A = 1, B = VECTOR(1, 2.5), C = LIST(D = FALSE))
is represented as an OLE array of 7 VARIANT type elements described in the table
below.

Element # VT Value Element # VT Value

1 VT_CY 0
2 VT_BSTR “A”
3 VT_I4 1
4 VT_BSTR “B”
5 VT_ARRAY | array 1 VT_I4 1
VT_VARIANT
2 VT_R4 2.5
6 VT_BSTR “C”

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Element # VT Value Element # VT Value

7 VT_ARRAY | array 1 VT_CY 0

VT_VARIANT
2 VT_BSTR “D”
3 VT_BOOL 0

2.4.3. Time stamps

The time stamps of the OPC item values refer to the time at the data source whenever
possible.
For the process object values (attribute OV, Object Value), the time stamp is
calculated from the RT (Registration Time) and RM (Registration Milliseconds)
attributes of the object. Consequently, the time stamp displays the time of the event
in the process station (relay, RTU etc.). If the station does not time-stamp the value,
the process database of SYS 600 sets the attributes from the system clock when the
value is received.
For the process object attributes that are closely related to the OV attribute and
typically change along with the OV attribute, the time stamp follows the RT and RM
attributes as well. These attributes are listed in Table 2.4.3-1.
For the dynamic data object attributes (OV (Object Value), OS (Object Status), RT
(Registration Time) and QT (Qualified Registration Time)), the time stamp is
calculated from the QT attribute of the object. Consequently, it tells the time when
the value was logged.
The time-stamping policy of the OPC items not mentioned above depends on their
update policy (see Section 2.4.1):
• The time stamp of an item, whose updating is event based (update policy
REPORT) tells the time of the latest change of the value. If the value has not
changed since the item was subscribed to, the time stamp tells the time of the
initial read, i.e. the subscription time.
• If the item is polled (update policy POLL), the time stamp tells the time of the
poll that noticed the latest change of the value. The actual change of the value
may have happened at any time after the previous poll.

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Table 2.4.3-1 OV related process object attributes time-stamped by RT and

RM
Attribute Description

AL Alarm
AM Alarm Milliseconds
AQ Alarm Qualified Time
AS Alarm State
AT Alarm Time
AZ Alarm Zone
BL Blocked
EP End of Period
MM Minimum Time Milliseconds
MQ Minimum Qualified Time
MT Minimum Time
OF Overflow
OR Out of Range
OS Object Status
RA Reserved A
RB Reserved B
RM Registration Milliseconds
RQ Registration Qualified Time
RT Registration Time
SB Substituted
SE Selection
SP Stop Execution
SU Substitution State
SX State Text
TS Topological State
WQ Warning Qualified Time
XM Maximum Time Milliseconds
XQ Maximum Qualified Time
XT Maximum Time
YM Alarm On Time Milliseconds
YQ Alarm On Qualified Time
YT Alarm On Time
AK, CK, CM, CN, CQ, ID, NS, OQ, QU, OPC Event (OE) object attributes
SE, SN, VC, VM, VQ and VT
LE, LP, LV, LX, ND and NF Network Topology (NT) object attributes

2.4.4. Quality

Process objects

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For the process object values, the OPC quality of the item value is determined by the
OS (Object Status) attribute and some other attributes of the object, see Table 2.4.4-
1 below.
Table 2.4.4-1 OPC Quality of process objects
OPC Quality Condition

OPC_QUALITY_GOOD OS = 0 or 3, OR = 0, OF = 0, SB = 0
OPC_QUALITY_SENSOR_FAILURE OS = 1 (FAULTY_VALUE_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_LAST_USABLE OS = 2 (OBSOLETE_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_UNCERTAIN OS = 4 .. 9
OPC_QUALITY_NOT_CONNECTED OS = 10 (NOT_SAMPLED_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_BAD OS > 10
OPC_QUALITY_EGU_EXCEEDED OR (Out of Range) = 1 or
OF (Overflow) = 1
OPC_QUALITY_LOCAL_OVERRIDE SB (Substituted) = 1

Other objects
For data object values, the quality is determined by the SCIL status code contained
in the OS (Object Status) attribute of the object. For all the other OPC items, the
quality is determined by the SCIL status code obtained from the evaluation of the
item, see Table 2.4.4-2.
Table 2.4.4-2 OPC Quality vs. SCIL status code
OPC Quality SCIL Status Code

OPC_QUALITY_GOOD 0 (OK_STATUS) or 3
(FAULTY_TIME_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_SUB_NORMAL 1 (SUSPICIOUS_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_LAST_USABLE 2 (OBSOLETE_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_UNCERTAIN 4 .. 9
OPC_QUALITY_NOT_CONNECTED 10 (NOT_SAMPLED_STATUS)
OPC_QUALITY_BAD > 10

All objects
Status code 3 (FAULTY_TIME_STATUS) is reported as OPC_QUALITY_GOOD
for clients. The status code implies that the value is good but the time stamp may be
inaccurate or bad. In the OPC specification, there is no quality for time stamps.
Therefore, status code 3 is regarded as 0 (OK_STATUS).
Whenever the OPC quality is OPC_QUALITY_BAD (non-specific bad quality), a
vendor specific error code is supplied to give more information about the failure.

2.4.5. Error codes

In every case where the OPC standard allows the server to return a vendor specific
error code, the SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server supplies one. The OPC functions
that may return vendor specific error codes are the following:
• IOPCItemProperties::GetItemProperties

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• IOPCSyncIO::Read
• IOPCSyncIO::Write
• IOPCAsyncIO2::Read
• IOPCAsyncIO2::Write
• IOPCDataCallback::OnDataChange
• IOPCDataCallback::OnReadComplete
• IOPCDataCallback::OnWriteComplete
Unfortunately, the OPC standard does not allow vendor specific error codes to be
returned by the following functions:
• IOPCItemMgt::AddItems
• IOPCItemMgt::ValidateItems
In case of a failure, these functions are allowed to return only one of the error codes
OPC_E_INVALIDITEMID, OPC_E_UNKNOWNITEMID, OPC_E_BADTYPE
or E_FAIL. Consequently, the server cannot tell the specific reason why the function
failed.
The vendor specific error codes of the SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server are
basically SCIL error codes generated by the SYS 600 base system. According to the
OPC rules, the HRESULT type OPC error code is generated by adding the vendor
error code mask 0xC0048000 to the SCIL error code. If the OPC error code is
0xC0048806, the corresponding SCIL error code is 0x806 = 2054
(PROF_OBJECT_NOT_IN_USE).
The mnemonic name for a vendor specific error code is obtained by
IOPCCommon::GetErrorString or IOPCServer::GetErrorString. As an example,
these functions return the string “PROF_OBJECT_NOT_IN_USE”, when invoked
with the ‘dwError’ parameter value 0xC0048806.

2.5. Special purpose OPC items

Normally, an OPC item refers to a SYS 600 object or its attribute.
For special purposes, two other kinds of items are implemented in the SYS 600
OPC Data Access Server:
• NAMESPACE items are used to keep track of the dynamic object space of
SYS 600.
• SCIL items expose the SCIL language to be used by any OPC client.
These items are described in this section.

2.5.1. NAMESPACE items

The OPC item name space of the Data Access Server is dynamic, because SYS 600
objects may be created, renamed or deleted at any time.
Some OPC clients, for example a SYS 600 Object Navigator, may want to keep
track of all existing objects in real time. Because the OPC standard does not offer
any means to manage dynamic item name spaces, special purpose OPC items called
NAMESPACE and OPC NAMESPACE are implemented for the purpose.

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Actually, there are several NAMESPACE items in the system, one for the base
system objects and one for each hot application. In addition, each hot application has
an OPC NAMESPACE item.

The NAMESPACE item for the base system objects

The top level NAMESPACE item \\NAMESPACE keeps track of the created and
deleted base system (B) objects, see Fig. 2.5.1.-1.

Name Space Item

Fig. 2.5.1.-1 The NAMESPACE item for the base system objects
The item has a text (BSTR) value that tells the latest change in the base system object
name space (or is an empty string). The value begins with a character ‘+’ (created)
or ‘-’ (deleted), followed by the name of the created or deleted OPC item.
For example, the value “+\\STA\23” indicates that the station object \\STA\23 (SCIL
name STA23:B) has been created.
Actually, the base system objects are predefined in the SYS 600: APL1 ... APL250,
STA1 ... STA50000 etc. However, most of them are typically unused in any
practical system.
The Data Access Server considers a base system object to be existing according to
the following attribute values:
• APL (Application) objects: TT (Translation Type) <> “NONE”
• IND (Input Device) objects: TT (Translation Type) <> “NONE”
• LIN (Link) objects: LT (Link Type) <> “NONE”
• MON (Monitor) objects: TT (Translation Type) <> “NONE”
• NOD (Node) objects: LI (Link Number) <> 0

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• PRI (Printer) objects: TT (Translation Type) <> “NONE”

• STA (Station) objects: TT (Translation Type) <> “NONE”
• STY (Station Type) objects are predefined, they always ‘exist’
Note also that the browser of the Data Access Server shows only the base system
objects that exist in the sense described above.

The NAMESPACE items for the application objects

Each hot application has two name space items, NAMESPACE and
OPC NAMESPACE to report changes in the application object space, see
Fig. 2.5.1.-2.

Name Space Items

Fig. 2.5.1.-2 The NAMESPACE items for the application objects

The NAMESPACE item has a text (BSTR) value that tells the latest change in the
application object name space (or is an empty string). The value begins with a
character ‘+’ (created) or ‘-’ (deleted), followed by the name of the created or
deleted OPC item.
For example, the value “+\\APL\1\P\ABC\3” indicates that the process object
\\APL\1\P\ABC\3 (SCIL name ABC:1P3) has been created.
When an object is renamed, two NAMESPACE events are generated: a ‘deleted’
event for the old name and a ‘created’ event for the new name.

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The OPC NAMESPACE item has a text (BSTR) value that tells the latest change in
the user defined OPC item name space (or is an empty string). The value begins with
a character ‘+’ (created) or ‘-’ (deleted), followed by the name of the created or
deleted OPC item.
For example, the value “+\\APL\1\OPC\Station1.Feeder2” indicates that the user
defined OPC item name Station1.Feeder2 has been created in the application.

Using NAMESPACE items

To keep track of all the application objects of application 1, the client application
should do the following:
1. Create a group for the name space event(s). It is important to set the update rate
of the group to 0, otherwise name space events may be lost.
2. Add the item \\APL\1\NAMESPACE (and/or \\APL\1\OPC NAMESPACE, if
user defined OPC item names are used) to the group.
3. By using the interface IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace, create an image of the
current application object space.
4. On each OnDataChange callback of the name space item, update the image
accordingly.
Note the order of the steps above: The subscription to the NAMESPACE item must
be done before the browsing, otherwise changes that occur during the browsing or
shortly thereafter may be lost.
To keep track of all the objects of a SYS 600 system, the client application should
do the following:
1. Create a group for the name space events. It is important to set the update rate of
the group to 0, otherwise name space events may be lost.
2. Add the item \\NAMESPACE to the group.
3. By using the interface IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace, create an image of
existing base system objects.
4. For each existing application object n, subscribe to its AS (Application State)
attribute, i.e. add item \\APL\n:AS to the group.
5. For each hot application (AS = “HOT”), start keeping track of its objects as
described in the example above.
6. Update the image according to the changes reported by the name space items
and the \\APL\n:AS items.

2.5.2. SCIL language items

The SCIL language items expose the full power of the SYS 600 programming
language SCIL to OPC clients. Each hot application has two read-only items, SCIL
and SCIL PROGRAM, for the purpose, see Fig. 2.5.1.-2.
SCIL and SCIL PROGRAM are not actually complete item id’s that may be added
to a group. The complete item name is formed by appending a SCIL language
element, a SCIL expression or a SCIL program, to the name.
The SCIL language items are evaluated in the context of the application where they
are located.

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SCIL item
The SCIL item is used to evaluate any SCIL language expression.
The OPC item id is formed by appending the expression to the SCIL item id:
• ‘\\APL\2\SCIL\1 + 2’ evaluates the SCIL expression ‘1 + 2’ in the context of
application 2. It will, of course, always evaluate to the integer value 3.
• ‘\SCIL\APPLICATION_OBJECT_COUNT(0,”D”)’ invokes the
APPLICATION_OBJECT_COUNT function in the primary application and
evaluates to the number of data objects in the application.
The expression may contain any valid SCIL language characters and it may be of
any length, provided that the length of the item id does not exceed 65 535 characters.
SCIL items do not have any canonical (or native) data type, the data type may be
determined only by evaluating the item. The canonical data type returned by
IOPCItemMgt::AddItems and ValidateItems is VT_EMPTY.

SCIL PROGRAM item

The SCIL PROGRAM item is used to execute any SCIL program. The value of the
item is the value returned by the program (SCIL statement #return).
The OPC item id is formed by appending the program to the SCIL item id:
• ‘\\APL\2\SCIL PROGRAM\#return 1 + 2’ executes the single-line SCIL program
‘#return 1 + 2’ in the context of application 2. It will, of course, always evaluate
to the integer value 3.
• ‘\SCIL PROGRAM\#create ABC:P1 = list(PT = 3)’ creates a new process object
in the primary application. The program does not return a value, so the item value
will be empty (value type = VT_EMPTY).
• ‘\SCIL PROGRAM\#if HOUR < 12 #return "MORNING" | #else #return
"AFTERNOON"’ evaluates to the text “MORNING” or “AFTERNOON”,
depending on the hour.
As seen in the last example, the program may contain more than one line. The lines
are separated by an NL (New Line) character (ASCII 10) or a CR-NL character pair
(CR stands for Carriage Return, ASCII 13). In the example, the separator is shown
as ‘|’.
The program may contain any valid SCIL language characters and it may be of any
length.
The SCIL PROGRAM items do not have any canonical (or native) data type, the
data type may be determined only by evaluating the item (executing the program).
The canonical data type returned by IOPCItemMgt::AddItems and ValidateItems is
VT_EMPTY.
When a SCIL PROGRAM item is added to a group, the SCIL program specified by
the item is syntax checked and compiled. If the program does not compile, error
code E_FAIL is returned and the item is not added to the group. Unfortunately, the
OPC standard does not allow vendor specific error codes to be returned by
AddItems. Therefore, the server is unable to tell even the SCIL status code of the
failure.

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When a SCIL PROGRAM item is evaluated, the compiled version of the program is
executed. If no execution error is encountered, the value of the item is set to the value
returned by the terminating #return statement of the program, or to an empty value
if there is no such statement. If the execution terminates to an error, the quality of
the item is set to OPC_QUALITY_BAD and the SCIL status code is returned as the
auxiliary error code.
Because of the limited error reporting possibilities, it is recommended that any SCIL
program to be executed via OPC is first thoroughly tested in the native SYS 600
environment.

Using SCIL language items

A typical way to use the SCIL language items in an OPC client program comprises
the following steps:
1. Create an inactive group for the items.
2. Add each item to the group, check for compilation errors of SCIL PROGRAM
items.
3. Use IOPCSyncIO::Read (or IOPCASyncIO2::Read) to evaluate the items, when
required.

If you want to evaluate SCIL language items cyclically (in an

active group), make sure not to overload the base system with too
frequent lengthy calculations.
The SCIL language items may not be added to a group, whose update rate is 0.

2.6. Implementation notes

This section describes some details of the implementation of the SYS 600 OPC Data
Access Server that may be important for the developer of a client application. The
notes are listed by interfaces as defined by the OPC Data Access Custom Interface
Standard (Version 2.05A).

2.6.1. IOPCCommon

LocaleIDs
The languages listed in Table 2.6.1-1 are returned by the QueryAvailableLocaleIDs
method. This indicates that the locale ids derived from the listed language ids can be
used as an argument for the SetLocaleID method.
However, it is up to the SYS 600 applications which languages are actually
supported. A SYS 600 system can contain several applications, which support
different languages. Therefore, the OPC server must ‘support’ virtually all the
languages. If the chosen language is not supported by the application, language-
sensitive texts are read in English.

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The toolkit, that the Data Access Server is based on, supports a few LocaleIDs
(English, German, Russian, Hungarian and Swedish). The OPC error codes returned
by the GetErrorString method are available in these languages.

Table 2.6.1-1 ISO 639 language identifiers and Windows language ids
Afrikaans AF LANG_AFRIKAANS
Albanian SQ LANG_ALBANIAN
Arabic AR LANG_ARABIC
Armenian HY LANG_ARMENIAN
Assamese AS LANG_ASSAMESE
Azerbaijani AZ LANG_AZERI
Basque EU LANG_BASQUE
Byelorussian BE LANG_BELARUSIAN
Bengali BN LANG_BENGALI
Bulgarian BG LANG_BULGARIAN
Catalan CA LANG_CATALAN
Chinese ZH LANG_CHINESE
Croatian HR LANG_CROATIAN
Czech CS LANG_CZECH
Danish DA LANG_DANISH
Dutch NL LANG_DUTCH
English EN LANG_ENGLISH
Estonian ET LANG_ESTONIAN
Faroese FO LANG_FAEROESE
Persian FA LANG_FARSI
Finnish FI LANG_FINNISH
French FR LANG_FRENCH
Georgian KA LANG_GEORGIAN
German DE LANG_GERMAN
Greek EL LANG_GREEK
Gujarati GU LANG_GUJARATI
Hebrew HE LANG_HEBREW
Hindi HI LANG_HINDI
Hungarian HU LANG_HUNGARIAN
Icelandic IS LANG_ICELANDIC
Indonesian ID LANG_INDONESIAN
Italian IT LANG_ITALIAN
Japanese JA LANG_JAPANESE
Kannada KN LANG_KANNADA
Kashmiri KS LANG_KASHMIRI
Kazakh KK LANG_KAZAK
Korean KO LANG_KOREAN
Latvian LV LANG_LATVIAN
Lithuanian LT LANG_LITHUANIAN
Macedonian MK LANG_MACEDONIAN
Malay MS LANG_MALAY
Malayalam ML LANG_MALAYALAM
Marathi MR LANG_MARATHI
Nepali NE LANG_NEPALI
Norwegian NO LANG_NORWEGIAN

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Table 2.6.1-1 ISO 639 language identifiers and Windows language ids
Oriya OR LANG_ORIYA
Polish PL LANG_POLISH
Portuguese PT LANG_PORTUGUESE
Punjabi PA LANG_PUNJABI
Romanian RO LANG_ROMANIAN
Russian RU LANG_RUSSIAN
Sanskrit SA LANG_SANSKRIT
Serbian SR LANG_SERBIAN
Sindhi SD LANG_SINDHI
Slovak SK LANG_SLOVAK
Slovenian SL LANG_SLOVENIAN
Spanish ES LANG_SPANISH
Swahili SW LANG_SWAHILI
Swedish SV LANG_SWEDISH
Tamil TA LANG_TAMIL
Tatar TT LANG_TATAR
Telugu TE LANG_TELUGU
Thai TH LANG_THAI
Turkish TR LANG_TURKISH
Ukrainian UK LANG_UKRAINIAN
Urdu UR LANG_URDU
Uzbek UZ LANG_UZBEK
Vietnamese VI LANG_VIETNAMESE
Uzbek UZ LANG_UZBEK
Vietnamese VI LANG_VIETNAMESE

IOPCCommon::GetErrorString
The method IOPCCommon::GetErrorString may be used to get a description of
vendor specific (SCIL) error codes. The description is the mnemonic name of the
SCIL status code as returned by the SCIL function STATUS_CODE_NAME.

2.6.2. IOPCServer

IOPCServer::AddGroup
When the ‘dwRequestedUpdateRate’ parameter is set to 0, the server sends all the
changes of the items connected to the group. In this case, only items with the update
policy REPORT may be added to the group, see Section 2.4.1.
The ‘dwLCID’ parameter can be chosen from the Table 2.6.1-1. For more
information on localization, see Section 2.6.1.

IOPCServer::GetErrorString
The method IOPCServer::GetErrorString may be used to get a description of vendor
specific (SCIL) error codes. The description is the mnemonic name of the SCIL
status code as returned by the SCIL function STATUS_CODE_NAME.

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2.6.3. IOPCItemProperties

Recommended properties
The recommended properties (property ID’s 100 to 399) are not supported by the
SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server.

Vendor specific properties

The SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server exposes all the attributes of SYS 600 objects
as vendor specific properties (property ID’s > 5000), see Section 2.3.

IOPCItemProperties:: QueryAvailableProperties
The OPC Data Access Custom Interface Standard 2.05A states:
“The expected use of this is that you would pass it an ITEMID such as A100, which
represents a ‘record’ object although you can also pass it a fully qualified ITEMID
such as A100.CV or A100.SP. In any case, you will get back a list of all of the other
properties related to this item; typically, these are the other properties of the record
object. Except for properties 1 - 6 it is not relevant whether the starting ITEMID
reflects the record object or one of its property objects. Either way you will get back
the same result - i.e. the list of properties in the containing ‘record’ object.”

Here, an intentional deviation from the standard is applied. If the

ITEMID refers to an attribute of a SYS 600 object, such as
\P\ABC\1:CX (the comment text of a process object),
QueryAvailableProperties returns the standard properties only.
Only if the ITEMID refers to the object itself or its ‘object value’
attribute (\P\ABC\1, \P\ABC\1:AI or \P\ABC\1:OV), the full list
of properties is returned by the function. In SYS 600, it makes no
sense to state, for example, that the RT (Registration Time)
attribute is a property of the comment text.

IOPCItemProperties:: GetItemProperties
Whenever a property cannot be read, the server provides the reason as a vendor
specific error code in the ‘ppErrors’ array.

IOPCItemProperties:: LookupItemIDs
For each vendor specific property (SYS 600 object attribute), the method
LookupItemIDs returns an item id that can be added to a group.
For the standard properties, no item id’s are available.

2.6.4. IOPCServerPublicGroups
This optional interface is not implemented, because public groups are not relevant
in SYS 600.

2.6.5. IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace
This optional interface is fully implemented. A HIERARCHICAL address space is
shown.

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IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace::BrowseOPCItemIDs

Here, an intentional deviation from the standard is applied. If the

parameter ‘dwBrowseFilterType’ is set to OPC_BRANCH, the
parameters ‘vtDataTypeFilter’ and ‘dwAccessRightFilter’ are
ignored. This is done, because there is a big confusion among the
existing OPC clients and servers about the terms ‘branch’, ‘leaf’
and ‘item’. Many clients and servers erroneously assume, that
‘item’ and ‘leaf’ are synonymous and that a ‘branch’ may not be
an item.

IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace::BrowseAccessPaths
Access paths are not relevant in SYS 600. Therefore, the method
BrowseAccessPaths always return S_FALSE (there is nothing to enumerate).

2.6.6. IPersistFile
This interface is irrelevant in SYS 600, it is not implemented.

2.6.7. IOPCItemMgt

Blobs
Blobs are not used by the SYS 600 OPC Data Access Server.

IOPCItemMgt::AddItems and IOPCItemMgt::ValidateItems

Note 1: If the update rate of the group is 0, not all (otherwise valid) items may be
added to group. If the update policy of the item is POLL (see Section 2.4.1), it may
not be added to a group with a zero update rate. If attempted, the error code E_FAIL
is returned in the ‘ppErrors’ array.
Note 2: There are items, whose data type is not known by the SYS 600 base system
before they are evaluated the first time. Such items include the system objects (S
type objects of SCIL), that are totally managed by the PC-NET program, and the
special SCIL language items SCIL and SCIL_PROGRAM. In these cases, the
canonical data type reported by the methods is VT_EMPTY.
Note 3: There are even items, whose very existence is not known by the SYS 600
base system, before they are evaluated for the first time. The system objects (S type
objects of SCIL) are such objects. AddItems and ValidateItems only check the
syntax of the item id’s. For example, the item id \S\STA2:XX is always successfully
validated. However, it is possible that STA2 is not configured in the PC-NET or that
it does not have any attribute named XX.

2.6.8. IOPCGroupStateMgt

IOPCGroupStateMgt::SetState
The ‘pLCID’ parameter can be chosen from the Table 2.6.1-1. For more information
on localization, see Section 2.6.1

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2.6.9. IOPCSyncIO and IOPCAsyncIO2

IOPCSyncIO::Read and IOPCAsyncIO2::Read

In the description of the ‘ppErrors’ parameter, the standard states: “NOTE any
FAILED error code indicates that the corresponding Value, Quality and Time stamp
are UNDEFINED.” However, the MicroSADA OPC Data Access Server supplies
the proper values for Quality (OPC_QUALITY_BAD) and Time stamp. For
IOPCAsyncIO2::Read, the same applies to the data returned by the
OnReadComplete callback.
Read is implemented as an atomic operation to achieve the consistency of the data,
whenever possible. When consequent items within a single Read reside in the same
SYS 600 database (process, report or base system database), the values are
guaranteed to be consistent.
For example, if the two items \P\ABC\1:AI (Analog Input) and \P\ABC\1:AZ
(Alarm Zone) are read in one Read, the client may be confident to rely on the two
values dating from the same process event. If they are read in two separate Read’s,
it is possible that a process event occurs in between, and the AZ value does not
correspond to the AI value.

IOPCSyncIO::Write and IOPCAsyncIO2::Write

Write is implemented as an atomic operation, whenever possible. When consequent
items within a single Write reside in the same SYS 600 database (process, report or
base system database), the values seen by any reader of the same data are guaranteed
to be consistent.
A Write of a single item is functionally equivalent to the SCIL command #SET.
When consecutive items within a Write refer to different attributes of the same
SYS 600 object, the semantics of the attributes are analyzed and the Write mimics
the SCIL command #MODIFY or the so called ‘list #SET’ command, whenever
appropriate.
For example, if a Write sets the attributes UN and OA of a process object \P\ABC\1
to values 2 and 1000, it is equivalent to the SCIL command
#MODIFY ABC:P1 = LIST(UN = 2, OA = 1000).
In another example, a single Write sets the following items:
\P\ABC\1:SE = 1
\P\ABC\1:BO = 1
\P\ABC\1:TY = 45
\P\ABC\1:CT = 6
\P\ABC\1:QL = 1
This is equivalent to the SCIL command
#SET ABC:PSE1 = LIST(BO = 1, TY = 45, CT = 6, QL = 1)
The command selects the binary output object to be closed.

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2.6.10. IOPCAsyncIO and IDataObject

These interfaces are obsolete interfaces defined by the OPC Data Access Custom
Interface Standard, Version 1.0. They are supported by the SYS 600 OPC Data
Access Server, but not as thoroughly tested as the recommended Version 2.0
interfaces IOPCAsyncIO2 and IConnectionPointContainer.

2.6.11. IOPCDataCallback

IOPCDataCallback::OnDataChange
The server supplies a vendor specific error code (SCIL status code) in the ‘pErrors’
array for any item that has the quality OPC_QUALITY_BAD (unspecified bad
quality).
The consistency of the data as seen by the client is guaranteed. All the items that
have changed due to a single transaction in SYS 600 (such as a process event or a
SCIL command #SET or #MODIFY) are received by the client in one
OnDataChange callback.
As an example, suppose that the client has subscribed to the items \P\ABC\1,
\P\ABC\1:AS and \:AC, i.e. the value and the alarm state of a process object and the
alarm count of the application. If a process event now causes an alarm of the object,
the changed values of all the three items are received in a single OnDataChange
callback.

2.6.12. IAdviseSink
This interface is an obsolete interface defined by the OPC Data Access Custom
Interface Standard, Version 1.0. It is supported by the SYS 600 OPC Data Access
Server, but not as thoroughly tested as the recommended Version 2.0 interface
IOPCDataCallback.

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3. Alarms and Events Server

3.1. General
The SYS 600 OPC Alarms and Events Server (OAES) is an implementation of the
interface specification OPC Alarms and Events Custom Interface Standard, Version
1.10, on the SYS 600 system.
The main features of the Alarms and Events Server include the following:
• Each SYS 600 application has its own instance of OAES.
• The server is fully integrated to the SYS 600 base system software. It is started
and stopped by the SYS 600 application.
• The name space (event sources, areas, event categories, conditions, etc.) of the
server is configured by application engineering.
• Conditions are associated with SYS 600 process alarms, other events with
SYS 600 process events.
• The server supports multilingual SYS 600 applications. See Section 3.7.7.
This chapter provides information for application programmers that build up OPC
alarms and events (A&E) client applications interacting with SYS 600.

3.2. Application design

The design of an A&E application is divided into the client and the server
application design, which are made in parallel.
Sometimes the application is targeted to an existing client application. In this case,
the server is designed according to the requirements of the client.
The server design is done by configuring the A&E server name space (events, event
sources etc.) in the SYS 600 database.
Step-by-step procedure for engineering the SYS 600 database for an A&E server:
1. Design the event categories and their properties: id, description and event type.
2. Design a grouping of process objects according to A&E events they should
generate. Each process object of a group sends identical events (apart from the
source name) and has the same condition (if any). Design the event and
condition properties for each group (event handling attributes OS and OC).
3. Create an event handling object for each group or extend the existing event
handling object with OPC A&E attributes OG, OS and OC.
4. If appropriate, create application default event handling objects for various
process object types and/or attributes.
5. Design the event source name hierarchy to be used. If the default delimiters are
no good, configure the APL:BOP attribute to define the delimiter characters.
6. Configure the ES (Event Source) attributes of process objects.
7. Connect each event source to its event handling object. This is done by setting
the EH attribute of the process object.
8. Set the OE attribute of the application (APL:BOE) to 1. This starts the OAES
process.

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3.3. Connecting to the server

The class ID (CLSID) of the server, which is needed by clients when connecting to
the server, is found in the server’s configuration file in the SYS 600 computer. The
path name of the file is
\SC\APL\aplname\APL_\APL_OAES_aplname.INI
In the path name, ‘aplname’ stands for the name of the SYS 600 application.
For example, the class ID of the Alarms and Events Server of the application
TUTOR is found in file
\SC\APL\TUTOR\APL_\APL_OAES_TUTOR.INI
The contents of the file might look like
CLSID={40838188-4B1F-4C10-A08C-4BD3AF66BBC7}
The class ID may also be found by using OPC server browsers of various freeware
OPC demo clients.

3.4. Process areas and event sources

The event source names and their hierarchy within process areas are freely
configurable by the application. The structure and delimiter characters used in
qualified source names depends on the application design.
The fully qualified event source name of a process object is specified by the ES
(Event Source) attribute of the object. The process area hierarchy shown by the
OPCEventAreaBrowser object is constructed from these source names.

3.5. Conditions
OPC conditions go hand in hand with SYS 600 alarms. Each process object that
generates SYS 600 alarms may have an associated OPC condition defined.
The OPC condition is active while the process object is alarming. The condition is
acknowledged when the alarm of the process object is acknowledged. Conditions
(process alarms) may be acknowledged by OPC clients and/or by conventional SCIL
based tools.
Multiple state conditions are applicable only for the limit alarms and warnings of
analog process objects.
The conditions and their attributes are freely configurable during the application
design phase.

3.6. Events
Each process object may generate a simple or a tracking event when its value is
updated. In addition, changes of several other process object attributes may generate
additional events.
All these events and their attributes are freely configurable by the application.

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3.7. Implementation notes

This section describes some details of the implementation of the SYS 600 OPC
Alarms and Events Server that may be important for the developer of a client
application. The notes are listed by interfaces as defined by the OPC Alarms and
Events Custom Interface Standard (Version 1.10).

3.7.1. IOPCCommon
The implementation of this interface is the same as in the Data Access Server. See
Section 2.6.1 for details.

3.7.2. IOPCEventServer
All the methods of the interface have been implemented, including the following
optional ones:
• QuerySourceConditions
• TranslateToItemIDs
• GetConditionState
• EnableConditionByArea
• EnableConditionBySource
• DisableConditionByArea
• DisableConditionBySource
• CreateAreaBrowser

IOPCEventServer::AckCondition
The server strictly checks the arguments pftActiveTime and pdwCookie according
to the specification (unlike some other OPC A&E servers). Therefore, the method
returns the error code E_INVALIDARG or OPC_E_INVALIDTIME when these
arguments do not exactly match the corresponding attributes of the condition event
notification.

3.7.3. IOPCEventServer2
This optional interface has not been implemented.

3.7.4. IOPCEventAreaBrowser
This optional interface has been implemented.

3.7.5. IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt

IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt::SetFilter
The OPC specification lists the following five optional filter criteria: event type,
event category, severity, process area and event source. All of them have been
implemented in the Alarms and Events Server.

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IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt::SelectReturnedAttributes
The Alarms and Events Server supports one vendor specific attribute, CV (for
‘current value’) for all event categories. Its attribute ID is 1 and its value is the value
of the attribute OV (Object Value) of the process object at the time of event.
Consequently, its value type depends on the type of the process object.

3.7.6. IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt2
This optional interface has not been implemented.

3.7.7. IOPCEventSink

IOPCEventSink::OnEvent
Note 1: The following bits of the wChangeMask member of the event notification
are set by the server:
• OPC_CHANGE_ACTIVE_STATE
• OPC_CHANGE_ACK_STATE
• OPC_CHANGE_ACTIVE_STATE
• OPC_CHANGE_QUALITY
• OPC_CHANGE_SUBCONDITION
The following bits are not set:
• OPC_CHANGE_SEVERITY
• OPC_CHANGE_MESSAGE
• OPC_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTE
Note2: The szMessage member of the event notification is subject to localization. It
is sent in the language specified by the client (using SetLocaleID), or else in the
default language of the SYS 600 application.
Note3: The default value of the szActorID member of the event notification is the
name of the MicroSCADA user who caused the event.

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4. Application OPC Server

4.1. General
The SYS 600 Application OPC Server (AOPCS) is an implementation of the
interface specification OPC Data Access Custom Interface Standard, Version
2.05A, on the SYS 600 system.
The Application OPC Server is a proxy server that acts as a gateway between an
OPC data access client and the Data Access Server of a SYS 600 system. It is
normally run in the computer where the client application is run and started and
stopped automatically by COM. It may also run as a DCOM server in another
computer, but hardly any benefit can be seen in such a configuration.
The Application OPC Server is normally used in redundant (HSB) SYS 600
systems. Each AOPCS instance is associated with a SYS 600 application, the home
application of the instance. AOPCS monitors the state of the home application in the
redundant system. On the event of HSB switch-over, it automatically connects to the
newly hot application. The client applications continue to run undisturbed and
without loss of data.
The Application OPC Server can also be used in a non-redundant SYS 600 system.
This is especially useful if the DCOM connection between the OPC client and the
SYS 600 Data Access Server is unreliable, since AOPCS can provide seamless
handling of connection breaks, including automatic recovery of lost events.
Some other reasons for using AOPCS in a non-redundant system might be:
• The client application does not support DCOM servers.
• For a reason or another, the client application does not want to bind to absolute
OPC item names (containing the application number).
• If redundancy (HSB) is later introduced, no changes or reconfiguration are
needed in the client application.
Because the Application OPC Server is a proxy server, the details of the OPC
implementation of the Data Access Server, described in Chapter 2, apply to AOPCS
as well. A slight difference in the semantics of application relative name spaces is
described in Section 4.4. The added functionality is described in Section 4.3.
The home application and its location(s) in the SYS 600 system are specified in the
configuration file of the AOPCS instance, see Section 4.2.
The Application OPC Server is installed in each computer where client applications
are run.

4.2. Configuration

Configuration file
An Application OPC Server instance is configured by the home application specific
configuration file AOPCS_instance.INI located in the directory where the program
aopcs.exe is installed. The name of the SYS 600 application is typically used as the
server instance name ‘instance’.

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As an example, the contents of the configuration file AOPCS_DEMO.INI, which

defines the access to the SYS 600 application DEMO, might be the following:
NODE1=SYS1
NODE2=SYS2
APL=DEMO
The node may be defined by name or by IP address. The SYS 600 application may
be defined by name or by application number.
If the names or application numbers of the SYS 600 applications in the two SYS 600
base systems differ, two APL keywords (APL1 and APL2) are required.
In the following example, IP addresses are used and applications are specified by
number:
NODE1=12.34.56.78
NODE2=12.34.56.79
APL1=3
APL2=4
In the last example, AOPCS is used in a non-redundant SYS 600 system:
NODE=SYS600NODE
APL=DEMO
Two optional keywords, FAILURE_HIDING_TIME and
FAILURE_RECOVERY_TIME may be provided to configure behavior during
connection breaks. The default values are 60 and -1, respectively. In the following
example, ‘hiding time’ is set to 5 seconds and ‘recovery time’ to 55 seconds.
FAILURE_HIDING_TIME = 5
FAILURE_RECOVERY_TIME = 55
For ‘recovery time’, value of -1 may be given to indicate no time limit at all.
The effects of these values are described in Section 4.3.

Registration
After the configuration file has been created, the server instance must be registered
in the registry of Windows. This is done by running AOPCS in command line.
aopcs instance -regserver
The DEMO instance configured above is registered by the command:
aopcs DEMO -regserver
After a successful registration, AOPCS adds its newly created COM class ID to the
configuration file, for example:
CLSID={40838188-4B1F-4C10-A08C-4BD3AF66BBC8}
The same command may be used to re-register an AOPCS instance: If the
configuration file already contains a CLSID line, AOPCS only registers the instance
with this CLSID without generating a new one.
The class ID is used by the OPC client application to connect to the correct instance
of the Application OPC Server.

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The success or possible errors during registration are reported in the Windows Event
Log.

DCOM security settings

After the AOPCS instance has been registered, the DCOM connection between the
AOPCS and the SYS 600 Data Access Server is configured:
1. If not already created, create a user named "MicroSCADA" on the computer
running AOPCS, with the same password as in the SYS 600 computers.
2. Start DCOMCNFG and find the list of registered COM servers
(Component Services -> Computers -> My Computer -> DCOM Config)
Select the newly registered AOPCS configuration and open its properties
(Action -> Properties).
In the Identity tab, choose the "MicroSCADA" user and enter its password.
In the Security tab, give the Launch and Activation Permissions to the client
user and the MicroSCADA user. This is needed by the automatic DCOM server
start-up.
3. Start Local Security Policy (Control Panel -> Administrative Tools).
Select Local Policies -> User Rights Assignment.
Make sure that the MicroSCADA user has the "Access this computer from the
network" permission.
Select Local Policies -> Security options. Set "Network access: Sharing and
security model for local accounts" to "Classic - local users authenticate as
themselves".
In case of insufficient access rights, AOPCS will remain in suspended state due to
lack of connection to the SYS 600 server.

4.3. Functionality

Start-up
The Application OPC Server does not need to be explicitly started. When an OPC
client tries to connect to the CLSID registered for an AOPCS instance, COM will
automatically run AOPCS to serve the client. When the last client disconnects,
AOPCS will shut down.
Possible errors during the start-up are reported in the Windows Event Log.

States
AOPCS constantly monitors the SYS 600 applications specified in the INI file. The
availability of a hot SYS 600 application determines the state of AOPCS. Clients
can query the state by the method IOPCServer::GetStatus.
During the start-up, AOPCS will try to connect to a hot application. If none is found
in 10 seconds, AOPCS will start in SUSPENDED (OPC_STATUS_SUSPENDED)
state.
When a hot SYS 600 application is available, AOPCS state is RUNNING
(OPC_STATUS_RUNNING). This is the normal operational state.

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When neither application of the HSB pair is hot, or the SYS 600 base systems are
down, or their Data Access Servers are not running, the state is SUSPENDED. Most
OPC interface calls will simply return E_FAIL.

HSB switch-over
When the connection to the hot application is lost for a reason or another and the
other SYS 600 system is available, AOPCS checks whether an HSB switch-over is
taking place. If it is, AOPCS waits for the switch-over to complete and reconnects
to the newly hot application.
During the reconnection, the following actions are taken:
• The items of cyclic groups (update rate > 0) are reconnected and the values that
have changed since the last ones received from the previously hot application are
sent to the client of AOPCS.
• The items of event based groups (update rate = 0) are reconnected and a replay
request is sent to the SYS 600 Data Access Server. The Data Access Server then
sends back all the events of these items since the start-up of the newly hot
application in the order of their occurrence. AOPCS then conveys them to its
client. No events are lost.
• The pending OPC client requests, i.e. the ones done during the reconnection, are
completed in the newly hot application.
Effectively, the client will see nothing but a brief stop in the data callback flow and
some delay in OPC interface calls made during the reconnection.

Connection break
A connection break is detected when AOPCS loses the hot application and no
HSB switch-over is taking place. The behavior during a connection break is
determined by ‘hiding time’ and ‘recovery time’ values set in the configuration file,
see Section 4.2.
If connection to a hot application is re-established within ‘hiding time’, the
connection break will not be visible to the client at all. The reconnection procedure
is similar to the reconnection after an HSB switch-over: the event replaying
mechanism guarantees that no events are lost for event based groups (update
rate = 0).
If the connection is not re-established within ‘hiding time’, AOPCS will go to
SUSPENDED state. Client callbacks, where all the items are set to UNCERTAIN
quality, substatus ‘last known’, are sent to the client. The ‘recovery time’ begins at
this moment.
When the connection is later recovered within the ‘recovery time’, AOPCS will go
back to RUNNING state and items will automatically wake up. Again, no events are
lost for event based groups (update rate = 0).
Finally, if the connection cannot be established within ‘recovery time’, all items will
be set to BAD quality, substatus ‘out of service’. When the connection to a hot
application is later recovered, items will automatically wake up and the refreshed
values are sent to the client. However, lost events will not be recovered since the
‘recovery time’ has expired.

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For clients that depend on the ‘no events lost’ concept, it is important to understand
the meaning of OPC item status. AOPCS guarantees complete event recovery after
a connection break as long as item status remains ‘UNCERTAIN, last known’.
Whenever events are lost for one reason or another, AOPCS reports the loss of
events to the client by status ‘BAD, out of service’.
The default value of ‘recovery time’ is -1, e.g. no time limit at all. With this setting,
items are actually never set to ‘BAD, out of service’ state during a connection break
but will remain in ‘UNCERTAIN, last known’ state indefinitely. The only factor
limiting event recovering in this case is the event buffer size in the SYS 600 Data
Access Server (currently appr. 60 000 events). If the event replaying after a
connection break fails due to a buffer overflow, AOPCS will set items to BAD status
to report that events may have been lost. After that, however, a ‘fresh’ connection
(without event replaying) is immediately established and new refreshed item values
are sent to the client.

4.4. Item names

As a proxy server, the Application OPC Server exposes the full item name space of
the connected Data Access Server to its own clients.
The three item name spaces implemented by the Data Access Server (see Section
2.2) are shown for the clients of the AOPCS as follows:
1. The absolute name space is exactly the same as seen by the direct clients of the
Data Access Server. Address space browsers see the absolute name space
through the ‘escape’ item “SYS ROOT”, located below the root of the address
space.
2. The application relative name space is relative to the home application of the
Application OPC Server. In the Data Access Server, it is relative to the primary
application of the SYS 600 system, which may or may not be the home
application of AOPCS. This is the address space seen by address space
browsers.
3. The user defined name space is also relative to the home application of the
Application OPC Server. Address space browsers see the user defined name
space through the ‘escape’ item “OPC”, located below the root of the address
space.
It is important to use application relative or user defined item names instead of
absolute item names when subscribing to the data of the home application.
Otherwise, the following two fundamental concepts are lost:
- Because the names and numbers of the applications that make up an HSB pair
may be different in the two SYS 600 systems, an absolute item reference may
work in one system but fail in the other, or it may denote two logically unrelated
objects in the two systems.
- Events may be lost after an HSB switch-over or a connection break, because the
event replaying mechanism only applies to application relative items.

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6. Index
Symbols
#MODIFY ................................................................................................ 34
#SET ......................................................................................................... 34
A
Absolute name space ............................................................................ 7, 45
Access paths ............................................................................................. 33
Alarms and Events Server .................................................................. 37, 41
AOPCS ..................................................................................................... 41
Application relative name space ........................................................... 7, 45
B
BIT_STRING ........................................................................................... 19
Blobs ......................................................................................................... 33
BOOLEAN ............................................................................................... 19
BYTE_STRING ....................................................................................... 19
C
Conditions ................................................................................................. 38
D
Data Access Server ..................................................................................... 7
Data types ................................................................................................. 18
E
Error codes ................................................................................................ 23
Event properties ........................................................................................ 16
Event sources ............................................................................................ 38
F
FAILURE_HIDING_TIME ..................................................................... 42
FAILURE_RECOVERY_TIME .............................................................. 42
H
HSB .......................................................................................................... 41
I
IAdviseSink .............................................................................................. 35
IDataObject ............................................................................................... 35
INTEGER ................................................................................................. 19
IOPCAsyncIO ........................................................................................... 35
IOPCAsyncIO2 ......................................................................................... 34

Read 24, 34
Write 24, 34
IOPCBrowseServerAddressSpace ............................................................ 32

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BrowseAccessPaths 33
BrowseOPCItemIDs 33
IOPCCommon .................................................................................... 29, 39

GetErrorString 24, 31
IOPCDataCallback ................................................................................... 35

OnDataChange 24, 35
OnReadComplete 24
OnWriteComplete 24
IOPCEventAreaBrowser .......................................................................... 39
IOPCEventServer ..................................................................................... 39

AckCondition 39
CreateAreaBrowser 39
DisableConditionByArea 39
DisableConditionBySource 39
EnableConditionByArea 39
EnableConditionBySource 39
GetConditionState 39
QuerySourceConditions 39
TranslateToItemIDs 39
IOPCEventServer2 ................................................................................... 39
IOPCEventSink ........................................................................................ 40

OnEvent 40
IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt

SelectReturnedAttributes 40
SetFilter 39
IOPCEventSubscriptionMgt2 .................................................................. 40
IOPCGroupStateMgt ................................................................................ 33

SetState 33
IOPCItemMgt ........................................................................................... 33

AddItems 24, 33
ValidateItems 24, 33
IOPCItemProperties ................................................................................. 32

GetItemProperties 16, 23, 32

LookupItemIDs 16, 32
QueryAvailableProperties 16, 32
IOPCServer .............................................................................................. 31

AddGroup 31
GetErrorString 24, 31

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IOPCServerPublicGroups ......................................................................... 32
IOPCSyncIO ............................................................................................. 34

Read 24, 34
Write 24, 34
IPersistFile ................................................................................................ 33
Item properties .......................................................................................... 14
L
LIST .......................................................................................................... 20
LocaleID ................................................................................................... 29
N
NAMESPACE .......................................................................................... 24
NAMESPACE items ................................................................................ 24
O
OAES ........................................................................................................ 37
OPC NAMESPACE ................................................................................. 24
P
POLL ........................................................................................................ 17
Process areas ............................................................................................. 38
Properties .................................................................................................. 14
Property ID ............................................................................................... 15
Public groups ............................................................................................ 32
Q
Quality ................................................................................................ 22, 23
QueryAvailableLocaleIDs ........................................................................ 29
R
REAL ........................................................................................................ 19
Recommended properties ......................................................................... 32
REPORT ................................................................................................... 17
S
SCIL ......................................................................................................... 28
SCIL error codes ....................................................................................... 24
SCIL language items ................................................................................ 27
SCIL PROGRAM ..................................................................................... 28
SetLocaleID .............................................................................................. 29
Simple event ............................................................................................. 38
T
TEXT ........................................................................................................ 19
TIME ........................................................................................................ 19
Time stamps .............................................................................................. 21
Tracking event .......................................................................................... 38

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U
Update policy ........................................................................................... 17
User defined name space ...................................................................... 8, 45
V
VECTOR .................................................................................................. 19
Vendor specific event attributes ............................................................... 40
Vendor specific properties ................................................................. 14, 32
Contact us

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ABB Oy
Substation Automation Products
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 Vaasa
FINLAND
Tel. +358 10 22 11
Fax. +358 10 224 1094

www.abb.com/substationautomation

1MRS756659 B/31.12.2010