Chapter-1

Computer languages and number system

(Exercise)

A. Tick the correct answer

1. Which languages does a computer understand directly?
Ans-Machine
2. Which of the following are considered as low-level languages?
Ans-Machine and assembly.
3. Which of the following languages is closer to human languages?
Ans-High-level languages.
4. A binary digits is called a
Ans-Bit
5. A byte consists of:
Ans-8 bits
B.Fill in the blanks
1. Complier is a languages processor.
2. Assembly languages is based on mnemonic codes.
3. SQL is a high level languages.
4. Decimal number system consists of 10 digits.
5. Visual Basic is a fifth generation languages.
C. State True OR False
1. Mnemonics are used in fourth level languages (False)
2. Hexadecimal number system is based on 15 digits. (False)
3. Computer works on machine languages. (True)
4. Interpreter is used to convert assembly languages to machine languages (False)
5. Binary system is based on 0’s and 1’s. (True)

D. Match the columns

1. Complier languages processor
2. ADD Assembly languages
3. Postscript High level languages
4. Visual C++ Fifth generation languages
5. Byte 8 bits
E.Short answer question
1. What is a complier?
Ans-A complier translates a high –level languages program into machine languages
at once, and executes it if there is no error found. A complied program runs faster
than an interpreted program.
2. What is a low level languages?
Ans-A low level language is a type of programming languages that contain basic
instruction recognized by a computer .Example machine language, assembly
language.
3. What do you understand by number system?
Ans-A number system consists of a set of symbols and rules for representing any
number.
Two types of number system:
 Non-positional systems
 Positional systems
4. What is the basic difference between assembler and interpreter?
Ans-Assembler – An assembler translates programs which are written in assembly
language into machine language. The process of converting assembly languages into
machine language is known as assembly, or assembling code.
Interpreter-An interpreter converts and executes a high –level languages program
into machine language line by line .This process can be time consuming if the
program is long, interpreter is very much useful as it reports the error (s) at the same
time.
5. Machine language is based on which number system?
Ans –Machine language is based on binary number system.
F. Long answer questions.
1. Write down the different types of computer languages?
Ans-There are different types of computer languages:
Low level languages: A low level language is a type of programming languages that
contain basic instruction recognized by a computer .Example machine language,
assembly language.
 Machine language-machine language is a low level languages. It consists of
entirely 1s and 0s.It is the only programming language that the computer
understand directly without any translation.
 Assembly language-It is also a low level languages. In assembly languages,
programs are written in combination of mnemonic codes and binary codes.
Assembly languages is easier to understand than machine languages.
High level languages: A high level languages is a programming languages such as
C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write program that are more
or less independent of a particular type of computer .such languages are consider
high level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine
languages.
2. Explain various types of number system?
Ans2.There are different types of number system:
 Decimal number system: The number system we use in our day to day life is
called decimal number system. It has a base of 10 and consist of ten digits (0
to 9) i.e. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 these digit can represent any value. Example 432
 Binary number system: This number system contain only two digit 0 and 1
therefore it has a base of 2.In this type of number system, rightmost position
is referred as (20) and the second position is referred as (21) and so on.
  Octal number system: This number system contains eight digits (0-8) i.e. 0 1
2 3 4 5 6 7.Therefore it has base 8,which means each position is octal number
system represent the power of base 8 instead of 2.
 Hexadecimal number system: This number system consists of 16 digits (0-
15).The first ten digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 are digits of decimal number system
and rest six digits 10 11 12 13 14 15 are denoted by the characters A B C D
and E respectively.
3. Explain binary to decimal conversion?
Ans3.To convert binary into decimal number use following steps:
Example :( 1100)2= (?)10
Step1.Multiply each binary digit to its respective position weight.
1 1 0 0
0×20 = 0
0×21 = 0
1×22 = 4
1×23 = 8
Step2. Now add all the results.
1 1 0 0
0×20 = 0
0×21 = 0
1×22 = 4
1×23 = 8
+ 12

Hence, the decimal equivalent of binary (1100)2 is (12)10.

4. Explain hexadecimal and octal decimal number?
Ans4. Octal number system: This number system contains eight digits (0-8) i.e. 0 1
2 3 4 5 6 7.Therefore it has base 8,which means each position is octal number system
represent the power of base 8 instead of 2.
Hexadecimal number system: This number system consists of 16 digits (0-15).The
first ten digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 are digits of decimal number system and rest six
digits 10 11 12 13 14 15 are denoted by the characters A B C D and E respectively.