7

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Measures of Variability

CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
Mathematics– Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Measures of Variability
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Writers: Keene Karl E. Robles, Joyce A. Somogod, Ricky S. Prenio
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 7

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Measures of Variability
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you learn about measures of variability. This module is designed to be self-
sufficient for the current learning situation. The language used recognizes your
vocabulary level. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course in the curriculum guide. However, the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

In this module you will be able to:

 illustrate and calculate the measures of variability (range, average deviation,
variance, standard deviation) of a statistical data.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate the measures of variability (range, average deviation, variance,
standard deviation) of a statistical data;
2. describe the measures of variability (range, average deviation, variance,
standard deviation) of a statistical data;
3. calculate the measures of variability of ungrouped data; and
4. calculate the measures of variability of grouped data.

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 What I Know

Select the correct answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of paper.

For numbers 1-4, refer to the following frequency table.

𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) 𝑓(𝑥 −
Classes f x fx 𝑥̅ 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑥̅ )2
21-30 4 25.5 102 45 -19.5 380.25 78 1521
57
31-40 6 35.5 213 45 -9.5 90.25 541.5
1
41-50 2 45.5 91 45 0.5 0.25 0.5
51-60 3 55.5 166.5 45 10.5 110.25 31.5 330.75
162.5
61-70 5 65.5 327.5 45 20.5 420.25 2101.25
Total N = 20 900 4495

1. What is the range of the given data set?

A. 45 C. 55
B. 50 D. 40

2. What is the average deviation of the given data set?

A. 12.5 C. 14.5
B. 13.5 D. 15.5

3. What is the population variance of the given data set?

A. 222.75 C. 224.75
B. 223.25 D. 225.25

4. What is the population standard deviation of the given data set?

A. 14.99 C. 14.09
B. 15.79 D. 15.69

5. What is the sample variance of the given data set?

A. 250.41 C. 252.43
B. 251.61 D. 253.63

6. What is the sample standard deviation of the given data set?

A. 15.86 C. 15.64
B. 15.75 D. 15.53

For numbers 7-12, Ricky did a survey of the number of mobile games played by his
classmates, with the following results: {1, 2, 7, 3, 5, 6}

7. What is the range of the given data set?

A. 5 C. 6
B. 7 D. 4

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
8. What is the average deviation of the given data set?
A. 2 C. 6
B. 4 D. 8

9. What is the population variance of the given data set?

A. 5.67 C. 6.63
B. 3.76 D. 4.67

10. What is the population standard deviation of the given data set?
A. 2.61 C. 2.16
B. 2.26 D. 2.21

11. What is the sample variance of the given data set?

A. 5.8 C. 5.5
B. 5.6 D. 5.7

12. What is the sample standard deviation of the given data set?
A. 2.35 C. 2.37
B. 3.35 D. 2.33

13. If the range of a set of scores is 10 and the lowest score is 6, what is the
highest score?
A. 16 C. 14
B. 17 D. 15

14. What is the most reliable measure of variability?

A. range C. average deviation
B. variance D. standard deviation

15. What should be the divisor if given data set is an entire population?
A. n C. n+1
B. n-1 D. none of these

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 Illustrates and Calculates
the Measures of Variability
Lesson
(range, average deviation,
1 variance and standard
deviation) of a Statistical
Data
In this lesson, we will illustrate and describe measures of variability. Also, we
will learn how to calculate the measures of variability of ungrouped and grouped
data sets.

What’s In

In this part of the lesson, your knowledge about the measures of central
tendency will be checked. Your learnings about this concept will help you
understand measures of variability.

Activity 1: Solve me!

Instruction: Solve for the mean, median and mode of the ungrouped data set
below.
16 15 18 15 14 10 12 15 11
1.
Mean:
Median:
Mode:

32 28 40 28 33 22 50 47 2.

Mean:
Median:
Mode:

115 145 130 143 127 135 135 155 105 110 3.

Mean:
Median:
Mode:

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 What’s New

To introduce the idea of variability, observe the illustration below and answer
the guide questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 2: Compare and Answer!

Two candy machines A and B drop candies when 5-peso coin is inserted. In
every 5-peso coin inserted, the machine will drop a random number of candies.
John, did this 9 times in machine A and Jacob did the same in machine B. The
results are as follows:

Candy Machine A: 2, 4, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 3
Mean = 3, Median = 3, Mode = 3

Candy Machine B: 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 4
Mean = 3, Median = 3, Mode = 3

Below is a dot plot for the number of candies dropped from the candy machines.

Candy Machine A Candy Machine B

6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6

Guide questions:
1. What is the difference between the two dot plots?
2. Which dot plot displays more spread?

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 What is It

Measures of Variability

Ungrouped Data

In statistics, variability refers to the spread in a set of data. From the activity
What’s New, the number of candies dropped by candy machine B are closely
packed compared to the number of candies dropped by candy machine A. In other
words, the data obtained from the candy machine A is more spread compared to
the data obtained from the candy machine B.

The simplest way to measure the variability is the range. Range is suitable
for showing the spread within a data set and for comparing the spread between
similar data sets. To find the range we use the formula:

Range = maximum value – minimum value

Example:

Data Set A: 10, 9, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 7, 8

From the data set given above, the maximum value is 10 and the minimum
value is 6. Thus, the range of the data set is,

Range = 10 – 6 = 4

Data Set B: 35, 40, 55, 48, 25, 31, 52

From our second data set, the maximum value is 55 and the minimum value
is 25. Thus, the range of the data set is,

Range = 55 – 25 = 30

And by comparing the range of data sets, we can say that data set B is a
more spread out compared to data set A because it has a larger range.

The next measure of variability is the average deviation. This measure tells
us how far each data is from the mean. The following example illustrates how to
compute the average deviation:

Example:

Data Set 1: 6, 8, 5, 5, 6

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 First we need to calculate for the mean. So,

6+8+5+5+6 30
𝑥̅ = = =6
5 5

Next, we subtract the mean from every value in our data set. Then take the
absolute value of the results.

𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 6 − 6 = 0 → |0| = 0
𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 8 − 6 = 2 → |2| = 2
𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 5 − 6 = -1 → |-1| = 1
𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 5 − 6 = -1 → |-1| = 1
𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 6 − 6 = 0 → |0| = 0

Lastly, solve for the average deviation by taking the sum of the absolute
values obtained, divided by the total number of data

0+2+1+1+0 4
Average Deviation = = = 0.8
5 5
Another measure of variability is the variance. It measures how far a set of
numbers is spread out from the mean. To calculate the variance, we use the
formula:
∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2
For population, 𝜎2 =
𝑁

∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2
For sample size, 𝑠2 =
𝑛−1
Example:
Solve for the variance of the given data set below (assuming that the data set is the
entire population).

Data Set: 10, 15, 25, 10, 12, 18

First, calculate the mean of the data set,

10+15+25+10+12+18 90
𝑥̅ = = = 15
6 6

Next, solve for ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) . To get the sum of squares, subtract the mean
2

from each values, square it and add them all.

(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (10 – 15)2 = (-5)2 = 25

(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (15 – 15)2 = (0)2 = 0
(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (25 – 15)2 = (10)2 = 100
(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (10 – 15)2 = (-5)2 = 25
(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (12 – 15)2 = (-3)2 = 9

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 = (18 – 15)2 = (3)2 = __9______
2
∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) = 168

Lastly, solve for the population variance by using the formula,

2 ∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2 168
𝜎 = = = 28
𝑁 6

Conversely, if the data set is just a sample of an entire population then we

will use the formula for the sample variance,

∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2 168
𝑠2 = = = 33.6
𝑛−1 5

The last measure of variability for this lesson is the square root of the
variance called the standard deviation. It measures the spread around the mean
making it the most reliable measure of variability. In symbols,
For population, 𝜎 = √𝜎 2

For sample size, 𝑠 = √𝑠 2

Let us use the same data set from our previous example,

Data Set: 10, 15, 25, 10, 12, 18

We already found out that the variance for this data set is,

If Population If Sample

∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2 168 ∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2 168

𝜎2 = = = 28 𝑠2 = = = 33.6
𝑁 6 𝑛−1 5

To get the standard deviation we’ll just take the square root of the variance. We
have,

𝜎 = √𝜎 2 𝑠 = √𝑠 2
𝜎 = √28 𝑠 = √33.6
𝜎 = 5.29 𝑠 = 5.8

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
Grouped Data

This section of the module will discuss measures of variability of grouped

data. Let’s use the following grouped data to illustrate and compute for the different
measures of variability.

Classes Frequency

10 – 14 5

15 – 19 2

20 – 24 6

25 – 29 7

30 – 34 5

Let us begin with the range of the grouped data above. The range is still the
difference between the maximum and minimum values. However, as we take the
maximum and the minimum values we need to consider the class boundaries.

The largest upper class boundary is 34.5 and the and the smallest class
boundary is 9.5. Before we calculate the range, we will, add 0.5 to the maximum
value and subtract 0.5 to the minimum value. Now we have,

Range = largest upper class boundary – smallest lower class boundary

= 34.5 – 9.5
Range = 25

For the average deviation of our grouped data, we will add some columns
to our frequency distribution table,

Classes Frequency (f) Midpoint (x) fx 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |

10 – 14 5 12 60 -11 11 55

15 – 19 2 17 34 -6 6 12

20 – 24 6 22 132 -1 1 6

25 – 29 7 27 189 4 4 28

30 – 34 5 32 160 9 9 45
N = 25

First, we need to calculate the midpoint(x) values. To calculate the values of

our midpoint, we’ll take the mean of every class limit in an interval. To do that we,
add each lower boundary values to its respective upper boundary values and divide
it by two. Observe the process below,

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 Lower Limit Upper Limit Midpoint(x)
10+14
10 14 2
= 12

15+19
15 19 2
= 17
20+24
20 24 = 22
2

25+29
25 29 = 27
2

30+34
30 34 2
= 32

Now that we are done with the midpoint, we will now compute for the values under
fx. To obtain these values, all we need to do is to multiply each frequency values to
its respective midpoint values.

Frequency (f) Midpoint(x) fx

5 12 (5) (12) = 60

2 17 (2) (17) = 34

6 22 (6) (22) = 132

7 27 (7) (27) = 189

5 32 (5) (32) = 160

Next, we solve for the mean (𝑥̅ ). To get the mean, add all the values in fx
column and divide it by the total number of data (N).

60+34+132+189+160 575
𝑥̅ = = = 23
25 25
Then, we take the difference between the values of midpoint(x) and the mean
(𝑥̅ ). Get the sum of the absolute values and multiply it by the frequency(f).

x - 𝑥̅ = 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ → |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |

12 - 23 = -11 → |-11| = 11 (5) (11) = 55

17 - 23 = -6 → |-6| =6 (2) (6) = 12

22 - 23 = -1 → |-1| =1 (6) (1) = 6

27 - 23 = 4 → |4| =4 (7) (4) = 28

32 - 23 = 9 → |9| =9 (5) (9) = 45

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 Lastly, we can now solve for the average deviation by getting the sum of all
the values in 𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | and divide it by the total number of data (N).

55 + 12 + 6+28 + 45 146
Average Deviation = = = 5.84
25 25

Hence, the average deviation of the grouped data is 5.84.

For the variance and standard deviation, we need to square the difference
between the midpoint and the mean.

We already found the value of our mean from the solution that we’ve had
from the average deviation. Recall that our computed mean is 23.

Classes Frequency (f) Midpoint (x) fx 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2

10 – 14 5 12 60 -11 121 605
15 – 19 2 17 34 -6 36 72
20 – 24 6 22 132 -1 1 6
25 – 29 7 27 189 4 16 112
30 – 34 5 32 160 9 81 405
N = 25

The square of the difference between the midpoint and the mean is found in
the column labeled (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 . To solve for this, observe the solution below.

(-11)2 = (-11) (-11) = 121

(-6)2 = (-6) (-6) = 36
(-1)2 = (-1) (-1) = 1
(4)2 = (4) (4) = 16
(9)2 = (9) (9) = 81

Afterwards, we will multiply these values to its respective frequency.

𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
(5) (121) = 605
(2) (36) = 72
(6) (1) = 6
(7) (16) = 112
(5) (81) = 405

Then, we take the sum of the values above and use this slightly modified formula
for the population variance,

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 605 + 72 + 6 + 112 + 405 1200
𝜎 = = = = 48
𝑁 25 25

As for the standard deviation, remember that it’s just the square root of the
variance. To get the standard deviation of our grouped data, we have,

𝜎 = √𝜎 2
𝜎 = √48
𝜎 = 6.93 *rounded to the nearest hundredths

Note that we actually assumed that our grouped data to be the entire
population. But if assumed that it is not, we will use the sample variance formula.

2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑠 =
𝑛−1
Assuming that our grouped data is just the sample size of the entire
population, the solution would be,

2
∑ 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 605 + 72 + 6 + 112 + 405 1200
𝑠 = = = = 50
𝑛−1 25 − 1 24
And our standard deviation is,

𝑠 = √𝑠 2
𝑠 = √50
𝑠 = 7.07 *rounded to the nearest hundredths

What’s More

Compute for the range, average deviation, variance and standard deviation of
each set of ungrouped data considering that these are samples data sets. Write
your answers on a separate answer sheet and round your answers to the nearest
hundredths.

1) 7, 12, 11, 8, 13, 9

Range: _______ Ave. Dev.: __________ Variance: ___________ Standard Dev.:

__________

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 2) 18, 17, 24, 24, 17, 25, 24, 22, 24, 25

Range: _______ Ave. Dev.: __________ Variance: ___________ Standard Dev.:

__________

3) 2, 7, 2.5, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.3, 2.3

Range: _______ Ave. Dev.: __________ Variance: ___________ Standard Dev.:

__________

4) 1.81, 1.63, 1.42, 1.8, 0.95, 0.76, 1.23, 1.15, 1.24

Range: _______ Ave. Dev.: __________ Variance: ___________ Standard Dev.:

__________

5) 92, 92, 89, 88, 81, 91, 93, 90, 95, 87

Range: _______ Ave. Dev.: __________ Variance: ___________ Standard Dev.: _________

What I Have Learned

Fill in the missing word in the blank. Choose the correct answer from the box.

range variability average deviation

variance standard Deviation

1. It is suitable for showing the spread within a data set and for comparing the
spread between similar data sets.
2. It refers to the spread in a set of data.
3. This measure tells us how far each data is from the mean.
4. It measures how far a set of numbers is spread out from the mean.
5. It measures the spread around the mean making it the most reliable
measure of variability.

What I Can Do

Use the appropriate formula to find the average deviation and standard
deviation of the grouped data set below.

Scores of contestants during MMC (Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge)

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 Scores Frequency
16-20 5
21-25 1
26-30 17
31-35 10
36-40 15
41-45 21
46-50 16
N = 85

Assessment

Select the correct answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of paper.

For numbers 1-4, refer to the data below. Choose the letter of the correct answer:

Classes f x fx 𝑥̅ 𝑥 − 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2

1-10 1 5.5 5.5 25.5 -20 400 20 400
11-20 3 15.5 46.5 25.5 -10 100 30 300
21-30 3 25.5 76.5 25.5 0 0 0 0
31-40 1 35.5 35.5 25.5 10 100 10 300
41-50 2 45.5 91 25.5 20 400 40 800

Total N = 10 255 1800

1. What is the range of the given data set?

A. 50 C. 30
B. 45 D. 40

2. What is the average deviation of the data set?

A. 10 C. 12
B. 11 D. 13

3. What is the population variance of the given data set?

A. 158.5 C. 162.5
B. 160 D. 164

4. What is the population standard deviation of the given data set?

A. 12.56 C. 12.65
B. 14.28 D. 16.65

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 5. What is the sample variance of the given data set?
A. 177.78 C. 178.88
B. 187.77 D. 187.87

6. What is the sample standard deviation of the given data set?

A. 13.23 C. 13.33
B. 13.32 D. 12.33
For numbers 7-12, Mike did a survey about the variety of plants owned by his
neighbors, with the following results: {4, 2, 7, 1, 6}

7. What is the range of the given data set?

A. 5 C. 6
B. 7 D. 4

8. What is the sample variance of the given data set?

A. 6.4 C. 6.6
B. 6.5 D. 6.7

9. What is the sample standard deviation of the given data set?

A. 2.55 C. 2.45
B. 2.50 D. 2.40

10. What is the average deviation of the given data set?

A. 8 C. 4
B. 6 D. 2

11. What is the population variance of the given data set?

A. 5.4 C. 6.3
B. 4.5 D. 5.2

12. What is the population standard deviation of the given data set?
A. 3.28 C. 4.27
B. 2.29 D. 1.26

13. If the range of a set of scores is 10 and the lowest score is 5, what is the
highest score?
A. 25 C. 10
B. 15 D. 30

14. The process of finding the range of a given data set is?
A. maximum ÷ minimum C. minimum × maximum
B. maximum + minimum D. maximum – minimum

15. Standard deviation is the square root of?

A. range C. average deviation
B. variance D. total frequency

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
 Additional Activities

1. Mr. Santos, a teacher at a very small private school, assigns statistics practice
problems to be worked via the net. All Grade 7 students must use a password
to access the problems and the time of log-in and log-off are automatically
recorded for the teacher. At the end of the week, the teacher examines the
amount of time each student spent working the assigned problems. The data
is provided below in minutes.

15, 28, 25, 48, 22, 43, 49, 34, 22, 33, 27, 25, 22, 20, 39

Find the range, average deviation, variance & standard deviation of the
recorded data above.

2. A sample of high school students were asked how much they spent on a Piso
WiFi everyday during their online classes.

Daily Piso WiFi Cost Number of Students

10 - 19 8
20 - 29 16
30 - 39 21
40 - 49 11
50 - 59 4

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CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
17
What I Know Lesson 1 What's New
1. B What's In 1. The spread
2. B 2. Candy
1. Mean = 14
3. C Machine A
4. A Median = 15
5. B Mode = 15
6. A
7. C 2. Mean = 35
8. A Median = 32.5
9. D Mode = 28
10. C
11. B 3. Mean = 130
12.C Median = 132.5
13.A
Mode = 135
14.D
15.A
What's More
1. Range: 6 Ave.Dev: 2 Variance: 5.6 Standard Dev: 2.37
2. Range: 8 Ave.Dev: 2.8 Variance: 11.11 Standard Dev: 3.33
3. Range: 5 Ave.Dev: 1.00 Variance: 2.45 Standard Dev: 1.57
4. Range: 1.05 Ave.Dev: 0.30 Variance: 0.13 Standard Dev: 0.37
5. Range: 14 Ave.Dev: 2.84 Variance: 15.29 Standard Dev: 3.91
What I Have Lesson 1
Learned What Can I Do
1. Range
2. Variability
3. Average 1. Average Deviation = 7.24
Deviation
4. Variance 2. Standard Deviation = 8.57
5. Standard
Deviation
Assessment
1. A 6. C 11. D
2. A 7. C 12. B
3. B 8. B 13. B
4. C 9. B 14. D
5. A 10. A 15. B
6.
Answer Key
References
Insigne, Ligaya, et.al, Creative Mathematics 7. (Quezon City: Mission book
Publishing, Inc., 2013), pp. 76-79

Mathematics – Grade 7 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013, ISBN: 978-971-

999060-4, pp. 76- 82.

Padilla, John Richard C., Empowering Through Math 7 First Edition. (Quezon City:
Ephesians Publishing Inc., 2017), pp. 119- 127.

18
CO_Q4_Mathematics 7_Module 5
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