PASSI MONTESSORI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, INC.

French Compound, Sara Road, Passi City, Iloilo

EFFECTS OF MODULAR LEARNING APPROACH TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research 1

Submitted by:

Honesty P. Bandianon

Endorsed by:

Ms. Maria Ana Mae P. Insular

Approved by:

Chrisitina C. Parcia

Academic Coordinator

Violeta M. French

Directress
 Background of the Study

COVID-19 pandemic; the schools were shutting down and no face-to-face interaction

between teachers and students. To address these extraordinary challenges, the schools in the

Philippines shifted traditional face-to-face way of teaching to distance learning approach. This is

a learning delivery mode where interaction takes place between the teachers and students

which they are geographically remote from each other during instruction and the lesson proper

delivers outdoors the traditional face to face platform viewed of Bonz Magsambol (2020).

According to John Elflein (2021), Coronaviruses were a group of viruses that can be

transmitted between animals and people, causing illnesses that may range from the common

cold to more severe respiratory syndromes. Here are the top ten (10) most affected countries in

the world: USA, India, Brazil, Russia, UK, France, Spain, Italy, Turkey, and Germany.

Merlina Hernando-Malipot (2020) reported that of all the alternative learning modalities

offered by the Department of Education (DepEd) most students prefer to use the ‘modular’

distance learning options. She added that based on the partial results of the Learner Enrollment

and Survey Forms (LESFs) distributed during the enrollment period, it showed 7.2 million

enrollees prefer to use modular distance learning, TV & Radio based instruction and other

modalities while only 2 million enrollees prefer online for school year 2020-2021. (Anthony,

2020)

Modular distance learning is a learning form of individualized Instruction allows learners

to utilize self-learning modules it's either in printed or digital format/electronic copy, learners

access the copies of learning materials on a computer, tablet PC or Smartphone, CD'S, USB
storage, computer-based including offline E-Books, with this learners may ask assistance from

the teacher via E-mail, telephone, text message/instant messaging, messenger, etc.

Research is often pointed as a difficult topic despite of its importance in daily life. Such

perception is due to the abstract nature of research as said by Sufiana K. Malik (2018). If the

students with negative perception towards Research performed poorly and vice versa, that

performance of research can be improved through enhancing positive perception towards

Research (Wasike, Michael, & Joseph, 2020) According to Antony Charles that modular

approach in Research learning proved to be an effective and efficient tool to help students to

learn research themselves.

Students improve their understanding on the material that is given to them. As they

explained, the use of module in learning research makes students with high academic ability

tended to be more active in the discussion process. Moreover, this approach is also useful for

students with a poor research background and lack of motivation (Abramovits, Berezina, &

Shvartsman, 2020).

Despite of this COVID-19 pandemic the Passi Montessori Internàtional School, Inc,

particularly in Senior High School Department opened the school year 2021-2022 using modular

distance learning approach that will adapt well in a new normal classroom or environment, and

a new development in teaching-learning process. The modular approach placed students to

learn in the comfort of their homes, limited contact to the teachers and their parents or

guardians take place as their learners’ model (Jazim and Rahmawati, 2017).

The purpose of this study will examine the significant effect of modular distance

learning approach in Practical Research to academic performance as perceived by grade 12

students. To give significant plan to the educators to improve the teaching-learning process

even this pandemic vanished and how it can be implemented effectively so the teachers

embrace its use. This study will also determine the use of module will help and will be

permanently use as teaching-learning material in research subject.

Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework

This study entitled "Effects of Modular Learning Approach to Academic Performance of

Grade 12 Students in Practical Research" aims to determine the effects of modular learning

approach to the academic performance of Grade 12 student in Practical Research.

The independent variable is the modular learning approach. The dependent variable is the

Academic Performance of Grade 12 students in Practical Research.

Paradigm of the Study

Academic
Modular Learning Performance of Grade
ApproachVariable
Independent Dependent
12 Variable
Students in
Practical Research

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable of the

study.
 Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the effects of modular learning approach to the

academic performance of Grade 12 student in Practical Research.

Specifically, the goal of this study is to seek answers to these questions;

1. What is the perception of the Grade 12 students regarding modular distance learning approach

in Practical Research?

2. What is the effect of modular distance learning approach to academic performance as

perceived by grade 12 students in Practical Research?

3. Is there a relationship of students’ perception regarding modular distance learning approach to

their academic performance of Grade 12 students in Practical Research?

Hypothesis

In view of the preceding problems, the null hypothesis is advance to be tested.

There is no significant difference between the perception regarding modular distance

learning approach to the academic performance of Grade 12 students in Practical Research.

Significance of the Study

 This study entitled "Effects of Modular Learning Approach to Academic Performance of

Grade 12 Students in Practical Research" aims to determine the effects of modular learning

approach to the academic performance of Grade 12 student in Practical Research.

This study is beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will help them know the effects of modular distance learning

approach to their academic performance in Practical Research.

Teachers. This study will inform the teachers the effects of modular distance learning

approach to the academic performance of their students in Practical Research. Through this, they

will develop strategy whatever the outcome is.

Parents. This study will inform them the effects of modular distance learning approach

to the academic performance of their children in Practical Research

Future Researchers. This study will serve as baseline data for future studies related

from this study. They can use this study to serve as sample for their own research paper.

Definition of Terms

The following terms use in this study were given their conceptual and operational

meanings.

Academic Performance. The measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects (Ballotpedia, 2021).

In this study, it refers to the dependent variable. It is how the students assess themselves in

modular learning approach.

Modular Learning Approach. Emerging trend educational thinking that shifts traditional

method of instruction to an outcome-based learning paradigm (Tandfonline, 2020).

In this study, it refers to the independent variable. It is the current learning approach offered.

Module. Compiled by a group or individual learning, which is then arranged in a neat

systematic manner. Furthermore, it will be printed, the printed results are then used as a guide

for the teaching staff as well as for the students (Global, 2020).

In this study, it refers to the teaching guide of students gave by the teacher weekly.

Perception. process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience

(Britannica, 2021).

In this study, it refers to how students manage to learn through modules.

Practical Research. One of the subjects in senior high school which aims to develop the

student's critical thinking and problem solving skills (Picq.edu, 2021).

In this study, it refers to the Grade 12 core subject to be tested based on students'

academic performance.

Review of Related Literature

Perception
 Perception (from the Latin perceptio, meaning gathering or receiving) is the

organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and

understand the presented information or environment (Schacter, 2020). It is not only the passive

receipt of these signals, but it’s also shaped by the recipient’s learning, memory, expectation, and

attention (WIKIPEDIA). William N. Dember (n.d.) said perception, in human, the process

whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept,

is the joint product of stimulation and of the process itself.

Smart and Cappel (2019) mentioned if the students perceive some benefits to their

learning (through either a personal interest in or an application of content) they will likely be

more motivated to perform well. He cited McKeachie (2020,pp.19), accordingly students who

are motivated to learn will choose tasks that enhance their learning, will work hard at those tasks,

and will persist in the face of difficulty in order to attain theirgoals.If the students with negative

perception towards Mathematics performed poorly and vice versa, that performance of

mathematics can be improved through enhancing positive perception towards Mathematics

(Wasike, Michael, & Joseph, 2018)

Students’ Academic Performance

According to Anthony Abaidoo (2018) as cited in Narah and Abdullah (2019, academic

performance is the knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a teacher and/or educational

goals set by students and teachers to be achieved over a specific period of time and they added

that these goals are measured by using continuous assessment or examinations results.

According to Shuja, Qureshi, Schaeffer, & Zareen (2019) in their study entitled “Effect

of m-learning on student's academic performance mediated by facilitation discourse and

flexibility”, as they suggested that a multifaceted phenomenon, influenced by diverse factors

such as meta-reflective learning and cognition, interest, motivation for learning, skills,

engagement, quality of teaching and socio-economic status, characterized by enhance student’s

capability to perform at the desired level (Lewin & Mawoyo, 2014; Moseki & Schulze, 2020).

Tinto (2017) defined students’ academic performance as a longitudinal process that

involves exchanges between students’ characteristics such as resources, intentions, temperaments

and commitments as well as characteristics of the academic institution. Academic performance is

increased by positive students’ experiences that alter their commitments and intentions to

positive encounters.Don Elger (n.d.) claimed performance, as the adage goes, is a “journey not a

destination.” The location in the journey is labeled as the level of performance. Each level

characterizes the effectiveness or quality of a performance.

Modular Distance Learning Approach

According to Bonz Magsambol (2020), to make sure that learning remains unhampered,

DepEd will be implementing a distance learning approach a learning delivery mode where

interaction takes place between the teacher and the students who are geographically remain from

each other during instruction, this means lesson will be delivered outside the traditional face-

toface setup. Based on (Manlangit, Paglumotan, & Sapera) Modular learning is a form of

distance learning that uses self-learning modules (SLM) based on the most essential learning

competencies (MELCS) provided by DepEd.

According to Mark Antony Llego (2020), modular distance learning is learning in the

form of individualized instruction that allows learners to use self-learning modules (SLM) in

print or digital format/electronic copy whichever is applicable in the context of the learner, and
other learning resources like learners’ materials, textbook, activity sheets, study guides and other

study materials. Learners access electronic copies of learning materials on a computer, tablet PC,

or Smartphone, CD'S /DVDs /USB storage and computer-based application can all be used to

deliver e-learning materials, including offline E-Books. The learners may ask assistance from the

teacher via E-mail telephone, text message/instant messaging etc.

Dr. Sejpal (2020) defined Modular learning as a unit of work that is virtually self-

contained and a method of teaching that is based on the building up skills and knowledge on

discrete units should be independent, self -contained, self-instructional, and well defined and

have clearly defined objectives. He said, modular method of teaching is more effective, recent

and more technology based teaching method in the present educational field. Modular approach

provides more flexibility to distance teaching made as well to learners. Using modular approach,

the students improve the mathematical understanding on the material that is given to them. The

use of module in learning mathematics makes students with high academic ability tended to be

more active in the discussion process (Jazim & Rahmawati, 2017).

Ma. Theresa Bringas Nardo (2017) claimed modular Instruction is an alternative

instructional Design that uses developed instructional materials which are based on the needs of

the students. Students are encouraged to work on various activities that are interesting and

challenging to maintain focus and attention, thereby encouraging independent study. Students

engaged themselves in learning concepts presented in the module. They developed a sense of

responsibility in accomplishing the tasks provided in the module. With little or no assistance

from the teacher, the learners progressed on their own, they learned how to learn; they were

empowered.Moreover, this approach is also useful for students with a poor mathematical

background and lack of motivation (Abramovits, Berezina, & Shvartsman).

 They are used as enrichment or supplementary instructional materials for learning

concepts and skills, or as remedial instruction is necessary for slow learners and as advance

instruction for the fast and highly motivated ones ( Balderas, 2019).The limitations of the

modular approach are mostly related to its short duration- there is only so much that can be

accomplished with only one week of instruction. A modular approach would be more effective

than only or the other (Martin & Furey, 2018). (Abramovits, Berezina, & Shvartsman)

selflearning method permits to overcome some challenges like the lack of student-teacher

interaction. (Magsambol, 2020) Insufficient budget allocation and supplies of bond paper and he

is also citing its expensive cost and negative impact to the environment, Education Secretary

Leonor Briones hopes schools will eventually “reduce dependence" on modular learning as the

country shifts to distance learning approach during the pandemic. Despite of its effectiveness

many families have experienced challenges because numerous parents have difficulties in terms

of their abilities and availability to support their children in their learning (Deslandes-Martineau,

Charland, Arvisais, & Vinuesa, 2020).

According to Estrada (2021) modular learning might not work at all. Additionally, she

said that there is a lack of feedback and there are a lot more challenges concerning modular

learning, but because we’re still in the middle of pandemic, it’s not the students or the teachers

fault. Even they will have a harder time adjusting to the new normal. She also mentioned that it’s

hard to absorb new information when no one is there to guide you (or at least empathize with

you) when the lessons become too much. Learning is hard when done own our own (you are

being left in the dark). This contribute to them the anxiety and depression.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

 According to John Elflein (2021), coronaviruses are a group of viruses that can be

transmitted between animals and people, causing illnesses that may range from the common cold

to more severe respiratory syndromes. In February 2020, the International Committee on

Taxonomy of Viruses and the World Health Organization announced official names for both the

virus and the disease it causes: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, respectively. He said that the name

of the disease is derived from the words corona, virus, and disease, while the number 19

represents the year that it emerged.Elflein (2021) added that COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus

that had not previously been identified in humans. The first case was detected in the Hubei

province of China at the end of December 2019. The virus is highly transmissible, and thousands

of new cases are being reported around the world each day. Coughing and sneezing are believed

to be the most common forms of transmission, which is similar to the outbreak of the SARS

coronavirus that began in 2020 and was thought to have spread via cough and sneeze droplets

expelled into the air by infected persons. In his article of COVID-19 cases worldwide as of

March 11, 2021 by country, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had been

confirmed in over 210 countries and territories. The virus had infected almost 119 million people

worldwide, and the number of deaths had reached over 2.6 million.

Related studies

In the study of Dangle & Sumaoang (2020) in their title ‘The Implementation of

Modular Distance Learning in the Philippine Secondary Public Schools the key purpose of the

research was to find out the challenges encountered, opinions, and recommendations of teachers,

parents, and students in the implementation of Modular Distance Learning. These challenges,

opinions and recommendations were identified through a mixed quantitative and qualitative

approach by conducting surveys to the 37 participants in the selected schools through quota and
purposive sampling. The main challenges that emerged were lack of school funding in the

production and delivery of modules; students struggle with selfstudying, and parents' lack of

knowledge to academically guide their child/children. In conclusion, the study was able to

determine the prevailing challenges of the participants in terms of resources, preparedness, and

communication.

According to Antony Charles in his article entitled "Modular approach of teaching

mathematics for selected topics at plus one level", Modular approach in Mathematics learning

proved to be an effective and efficient tool to help students to learn mathematics themselves. He

also defined that the modular approach is a self-contained package dealing with one specific

subject convenient form, so that the learner can identify the objectives, select materials and

method and evaluate his own accomplishment. This provided more flexibility to distance

teaching mode as well as to learners. It was enable the learners to have a control over his

learning and accept responsibility for learning. Since strategy demanded greater maturity on the

part of learner, the modules are more appropriate for more mature students.

Edgar Julius A. Lim (2019), this study entitled “Effectiveness of Modular Instruction in

Word Problem Solving of BEED Students”, used Quasi-experimental design to the third year

BEED students. Based on the findings cited, it concluded that modular instruction in teaching

Math specifically word problem solving, it is effective teaching approach.According to Dr.

Padmapriya P.V. (2021), modules helped to develop self-learning capacity among the learners.

The present study implied that this is self learning style in which immediate reflection of the self

is possible, which motivated the students to regulate and manage their own learning styles, and

thereby to create an interest and attitude towards science among the students as they are free to

learn at their own pace. With the help of modules students learned and interacted which boost
their confidence in their own learning. The student’s treated with modular approach achieved

higher mean scores than those students teach through activity oriented method. The study

revealed that effectiveness of self-instructional module on achievement among secondary school

students and the administrators must take necessary steps to give special training to teacher in

developing modular packages.

In the study of Edrian E. Gonzalez (2020) entitled “A Modular Approach Utilizing

Decision Tree in Teaching IntegrationTechniques in Calculus” stated many students failed in

Mathematics courses because they did not know on how to arrive at the correct decision when

doing a mathematical task. This finding led to the conclusion that both modular and traditional

instructions are equally effective in facilitating the learning of integration by parts. The other

result revealed that the use of modular approach utilizing decision tree in teaching integration by

trigonometric transformation was more effective than the traditional method.

Cristobal M. Ambayan (2020) as stated in his study entitled “Modular-Based Approacch and

Stusents' Achievement in Literature” he used ComparativeExperimental research design. The

third year Bachelor of Secondary Education students (BSED major in English students for school

year 2019-2020) were the participants of the study. Based on the results, the performance of the

college students in literature improved from poor to fair achievement. Hence it was

recommended that the module is used in similar contexts particularly in learning mythology and

folklore.

Dochy, F.J.C. and others (n.d.) entitled “Modularization and Students Learning in

Modular Instruction in Relation with Prior Knowledge”, the study found out the important of

prior knowledge, suggesting that in a modular Education environment, according to the changing
ideas in today's society on personal development, students requested a kind instruction more

fully in accordance to their personal characteristics and their prior knowledge stated resulting in

a more efficient and effective education for the learner. There was also the opportunity for

students to ship a module or to work through it more quickly on the basis of prior knowledge.

In the study of Carmen L. Vedal Rodeiro and Rita Ñadas on “Effects of Modularisation”,

a modular specification was one in which the content divided into a member of units or modules,

each of which examined separately. The study found out mathematics students were more

satisfied with their grade reports (most common/from of feedback) and gained more information

from them. Furthermore, mathematics students found it easier. However, grade reports were not

helpful in identifying student's learning needs and informing their learning strategies. Students

reported messing the opportunity of going through their own marked paper or receiving

suggestions about the areas they needed to improve on in order to change, it necessary, their

focus of learning and strategies of exam preparation.

Research Design

This study will use descriptive research design in order to test the hypothesis and

systematically analyze the data about the perceived effect of modular approach to academic

performance in Mathematics. According to Dr. Dela Cruz and Dr. Silverio (2019) Descriptive

Research Design of research illustrates present characteristics, conditions, images, and the like

based on impressions, perceptions or reactions of the respondents.

Locale of the Study

 This study will be conducted in the premises of Passi Montessori Internàtional School, Inc

specifically in Senior High School Department. PMIS is located at French Compound, Sara

Road, Passi City, Iloilo. This study will be conducted for the S.Y. 2021-2022.

Respondents

The researcher will randomly select 50 Grade 12 students of Passi Montessori

International School, Inc to answer the survey questionnaires. The respondents will answer the

questionnaire individually, honestly and with valid information.

Data Gathering

A. Research Instrument

The researcher will use survey questionnaire in this study in order to collect facts and

opinions of the respondents about the study because the researcher wanted to know the perceived

effect of modular approach of the students. A questionnaire is a set of questions that measures

every item by making the rating scale to check their level of agreement in various statements

about on perception. The questionnaire made by researcher consist of three parts: the first part

will be the demographic profile of respondents; second part will determine the perception of the

students regarding modular distance learning approach in Practical Research; and the last will be

the perceived effect of modular distance learning approach to academic performance of grade 11

STEM strand students in Practical Research.

B. Gathering of Data

In gathering all the data needed in this research, the first step is to validate the research

questionnaire. Three (3) experts from the field were tapped to validate the questions. After
which, the researcher secured permission letter from the Director of Passi Montessori

Internàtional School, Inc. The advisers of each and every section helped in administering the

questionnaire and in the retrieval.

The researcher will collect the accomplished questionnaire from the advisers within one

week after administering it.

Statistical Data Analysis

The statistical tools that the researcher will use in this study will be the following: Mean

will be use for the research statements of “what is the perception of the students regarding

modular distance learning approach in Practical Research?” and “what is the effect of modular

distance learning approach to academic performance as perceived by grade 12 students in

Practical Research?” And for “Is there a relationship of students’ perception regarding modular

distance learning approach to their academic performance in Practical Research?” pearson

product-moment correlation will be use to answer this. Pearson product-moment correlation

coefficient (or pearson correlation coefficient, for short) is a measure of the strength of a linear

association between two variables.

With the assistance of the thesis adviser in the analysis and interpretation of data, the

researcher after collecting the data will utilize the computer programming called the SPSS to be

easy for her to find the answers in a short period of time.

Qualitative Data

This research study aims to investigate the effect of students’ perceptions in regards to

modular distance learning approach and its relation to academic performance of the Grade 12
students in Practical Research. This study will use the descriptive research design and will utilize

the research survey questionnaire to get the data. Purposive sampling will be use in the selection

of respondents. The data will be analyze and interpret using the SPSS computer programming.

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