10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 26:
Linear Permutation of
Distinguishable Objects

CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26 1
CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 26: Linear Permutation of Distinguishable Objects
First Edition, 2020

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Author: Marlene B. Ciano
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 10
Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 26:
Linear Permutation of
Distinguishable Objects

0
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need To Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is intended
to help you find the permutation of distinguishable objects. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course but the
pacing in which you read and comprehend the contents and answer the
exercises in this module will depend on your ability.
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to
demonstrate understanding of key concepts of permutation of
distinguishable objects. Specifically, you should be able to:
1. enumerate the different counting techniques;
2. find the number of outcomes of specified event;
3. find the permutation of distinguishable objects; and
4. solve word problems that involve permutation of distinguishable
objects.

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 What I Know

Are you ready? You are tasked to answer the following questions
before we proceed with our lesson. Do not worry, we only want to know how
knowledgeable you are with the topics that we will be discussing in this
module.

DIRECTION: Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the blank before each item number. You may answer
here.

_____1. To which situation is counting techniques applicable?

A. Linda wants to know how many codes she can make for
her padlock.
B. Rissa wants to jog around the playground together with her
coach.
C. Mario wants to finish his assignment in his three subjects.
D. Luis wants to paint his basket in three ways.

_____2. In how many ways can one choose a crust and topping for a pizza
order from two choices of crust and three choices of toppings?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

_____3. In how many ways can the letters of the word MATH be arranged?
A. 4 B. 12 C. 24 D. 48

_____4. Which one is equivalent to 5!?

A. 5 × 1 C. 5 × 4 × 2
B. 5 × 4 D. 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1

_____5. Which expression is equivalent to 4P4?

A. 4 × 4 C. 4 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1
B. 3 × 4 D. 4 × 3 × 2 × 1

_____6. Which expression gives the number of ways of arranging five

different books in a shelf?
A. (5 – 1)! B. 5! C. 5 × 4 D. 5 × 5

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
_____7. Evaluate 8P3.
A. 120 B. 336 C. 520 D. 5,040

_____8. A new model of a car is available in five exterior colors, four interior
colors, and two interior styles. How many versions of car are
available for order?
A. 20 B. 40 C. 80 D. 120

_____9. A bookshelf has n different Algebra books and three different

Geometry books. If there are 5,040 ways to arrange the books on the
shelf, how many Algebra books are on the bookshelf?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

Use this situation for items 10 to 12. Find the number of different
arrangements of the letters of the word HONESTY if:
_____10. all seven letters are used.
A. 300 B. 360 C. 3,600 D. 5,040

_____11. only two letters are taken at a time.

A. 30 B. 42 C. 64 D. 80

_____ 12. only four letters are taken at a time.

A. 360 B. 840 C. 1,260 D. 2,520

Use this situation for items 13 to 15. There are five boys and four girls to sit
in a row. How many possible arrangements are there if:

_____ 13. the first seat is reserved for a boy?

A. 2,880 B. 10,080 C. 60,480 D. 201,600

_____ 14. the first and last seats are for girls?
A. 2,880 B. 10,080 C. 60,480 D. 201,600

_____ 15. the boys and girls sit alternately?

A. 2,880 B. 10,080 C. 40,320 D. 420,240

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
Lesson
Permutation of
1 Distinguishable Objects

What’s In

At this point in time, I know you are already familiar with matching
outfits, making passwords, plate numbers, menus, or other related sorts. If
you notice, all of them come in group, and each member in the group has its
position. Certainly, there are ways on how these members are arranged.
Now, if you are asked, how many four-digit passwords can be formed from
the digits 1,2,3? or how many ways can you match your three pants and
three tops on hand? Can you do this systematically? Can you do it in less
time and become accurate about it?
I’ll help you recall how to deal with similar questions above by using
this illustration. How many ways can you match the outfits presented
below? You have three different pants and three different tops on hand.

Recalling our lessons in the previous grades, we simply match the

three pants to the tops one by one and counting the results will give the
desired number. We can use the tree diagram so that we can visualize the
results.

= = =
≡ = = =
= = =

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 From the illustration, we can see that there are nine different ways of
matching the pants and the tops. Thus, there are nine resulting outfits one
can make out of the three different pants and three different tops.
Now think, how about if there are more items to put together? Let’s
say there are eight pants and 10 tops. How would you imagine the outcome
of your illustration using the tree diagram? It would be very taxing since we
have to extend our illustration and probably would run out of space.
Looking back at the results on the matching of three pants and three tops
however, notice that we could simply determine the number of outcomes by
multiplying the number of pants to the number of tops. That is: 3 × 3 = 9.
There are nine ways of matching the three pants and three tops. Do you
agree with the observation?
The manner of solving by multiplying the number of elements of two
or more events to find the total number of outcomes for those events to
occur is known as the Fundamental Counting Principle ( FCP ). Others
call it the multiplication principle. The FCP states that if one event has m
possible outcomes and a second independent event has n possible
outcomes, then there are m × n total possible outcomes for the two events to
occur together. Thus, the problem above where it involves three pants and
three tops will have 3 × 3 which will give 9 as the number of outcomes or
outfits.

Another Example:
In how many ways can you order a menu composed of a main dish, a
dessert, and a drink to be chosen from two different main dishes, two
different desserts, and two different drinks?

Solution:

a. Using the tree diagram

Let’s denote the main dishes as D, desserts as Ds, and drinks as Dr.

Dr1 = D1Ds1 Dr1 Dr1 = D2Ds1 Dr1

Ds1 Ds1
Dr Dr2 = Dr
D21Ds1Dr2
Dr2 = D11Ds1Dr2
D1 D2
Dr1
= Dr Dr1
= Dr
D2Ds
1 2Dr1
D1Ds
1
2Dr1
Ds2 Ds2
Dr Dr2
= Dr
D2Ds
1 2Dr2
Dr2 D1Ds
1 2Dr2
=
b. Using FCP
Drways Dr1
2 x 2 x 2 = 8 different 1

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 Activity 1
Find what is asked in each problem. You may use the tree diagram or the
FCP to answer the problem. Use a separate sheet for your computations and
answers.
1. Find the total number of outcomes of each given situations below.
a) tossing a coin three times
b) answering two multiple questions with four choices each

2. How many 4-digit codes can be formed from the digits 1,3,5,7, and 9 if
repetition of digits is not allowed?

What’s New

If you notice from the situation in Activity 1, each of the outcomes or

results follow certain arrangements which are orderly. In this section, we
shall encounter more situations that involve orderly arrangement of objects.
The term permutation is used to indicate ordered arrangements of objects.

Take a look at these examples:

1. How many permutations are there in the letters of the word LOVE?

The problem simply means we are to find how many ways can the
letters L, O, V, and E be arranged. It involves orderly arrangements. Since
there are four letters involved, then it is the same as filling up four spaces
to form the different arrangements. The problem involves four events since
there are four spaces. Thus, we can use any of the four letters at the first
space, any of the three remaining letters in the next space since we
already used one letter in the first space, then any of the two remaining
letters in the third space since two letters were already used, and finally
the remaining letter in the fourth space.

Since there are four events or four spaces to fill up, then we will use
the FCP in answering this problem.

We will then have 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24 permutations for the letters of the

word LOVE.

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
2. In how many ways can three boys and two girls be arranged in a row with
five seats?

This is also an orderly arrangement that involves five objects or seats

where the three boys and two girls will sit.

So, we have 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1= 120.

There are 120 ways of arranging the three boys and two girls.

Activity 2
Match each problem on the left to its corresponding answer on the
right. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before each
number.

Problem Number of Ways

____ 1. In how many ways can six books, A) 12
no two of which are the same,
be arranged in a shelf? B) 24
____ 2. How many permutations are there
for the letters of the word ALIVE? C) 120
____ 3. A code is composed of two letters followed
by three digits, using M, C, 1, 2, and 3. D) 600
How many codes can be formed if
repetition is not allowed? E) 720
____ 4. In how many ways can four bikes,
no two of which are the same, F) 800
be displayed in a window?

What Is It
How did you find Activity 2? How did you answer the problems? What did
you notice about their solutions?

Let’s look at the last item in the previous activity. The number of ways
4 bikes where no two of which are the same, be displayed in a window is
computed as 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. That means there are 24 ways to display the

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
bikes. What can you say about its computation? Notice that the factors in
the computation are consecutive counting numbers arranged in decreasing
order from four down to one (1).

So, if there are five bikes to arrange where no two bikes are identical,
then we have 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. If there are six bikes, then the computation
is 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. Notice how the factors in the computation decrease
down to one (1). Thus, if there are n bikes to be displayed the computation
would then be: n (n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) … (3)(2)(1). To write this in a shorter
way, it can actually be expressed as a factorial (symbol: !). Therefore 6! = 6 ×
5×4×3×2×1.

Definition:

The Factorial Notation:

The factorial notation (symbol:!) is the process of multiplying
consecutive decreasing whole numbers from an identified number
down to one.
n! = n (n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) … (3)(2)(1)
Thus, 8! = 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 40,320
And as a convention, zero factorial (0!) is defined to be 1.
Another example: In how many ways can seven different books be
arranged in a shelf? This also involves orderly arrangements or permutation
of seven books. So, we have 7! = 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 that will give us
the total number of arrangements which is 5,040.

Arranging seven books on a shelf shows permutation or orderly

arrangements of seven objects in seven spaces. Permutation also has its
notation. The permutation notation of this case of seven books in seven
spaces is 7P7 which is the same as 7! and is equal to 5,040.

The Permutation of n Objects taken n at a time:

The number of permutations or different arrangements of n
different objects taken n at a time in a row is nPn which is equal to n!.

There are cases, however, that not all the objects are taken all at the
same time. If we consider the problem on arranging seven books, let’s say
the space available is good for five books only. Thus, we are to arrange five
books at a time from the given seven books. In how many ways can we do
this? The first space is occupied by any of the seven books, the second space
is occupied by any of the remaining 6 books, the third space is occupied by
any of the remaining 5 books, the fourth space is occupied by the remaining
4 books, and fifth space is occupied by any of the remaining 3 books. Since

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
5 spaces were filled up, the total number of arranging those 7 different
books taken 5 at a time can be computed using FCP, thus 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3
which gives 2,520 distinct arrangements. This computation is
equivalent to a permutation notation 7P5 and is computed as:
7!
7P5 =
(7−5)!
7𝑥6𝑥5𝑥4𝑥3𝑥2𝑥1 7𝑥6𝑥5𝑥4𝑥3𝑥2𝑥1
7P5 = =
2! 2𝑥1
5,040
7P5 = =2,520
2
There are 2,520 ways of arranging the 7 different books taken 5 at a
time in a shelf.

Activity 3: Trace the path of the boy going to the other side of the
swamp. The answer to each question below will give a
clue to his path.
5!
1. 6! 2. 2!3! 3. 4. 4P4 5. 8P4
3!
6. How many permutations are there in the letters of the word HOPEFUL?
7. How many four-digit codes can be made out of the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8
if repetition of digits is not allowed?
8. In how many ways can 4 distinct red cars and 4 distinct black cars be
parked in a row of 6 – car garage?

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 What’s More

Going further, let’s see other situations where permutation is applied.

Let’s consider the following examples below, then compare them with the
previous situations discussed.

1. How many 5-digit numbers can be formed, with no digit repetition, using
the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, if:
a) the first digit is a 5?
If we will put spaces for the five digits, then this will be the
representation.
5
▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ In this is the case, the digit 5 is put in the first space as the
first digit, and since repetition of digits is not allowed, then the
remaining four digits 1, 2, 3, and 4 are permuted for the remaining
four spaces. The notation for the computation is 1x4P4, where 1 is the
number of digit 5 and 4P4 is the permutation of the remaining four
digits 1, 2, 3, ad 4. Thus,
1x4P4 = 1 x 4! = 1 x 24 = 24.
There are 24 five-digit numbers that can be formed from the
digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the first digit of which is a 5, as shown below.

54321 54213 53124 52431 52314 51324

54312 54231 53142 52413 52341 51342
54123 53421 53214 52143 51432 51234
54132 53412 53241 52134 51423 51243

b) the first and last digits are even?

E E
▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ If the first and last digits are even, then we are left with
three spaces to fill. Since there are two even digits from the
given digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, then 2 and 4 are permuted for
first and last spaces, (2P2) as per given condition. Then the
remaining three digits which are all odd will be permuted for
the second, third, and fourth spaces, (3P3).

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 The notation for the computation is 2P2 x 3P3, where 2P2 is the
permutation of the two even digits for the first and fifth spaces, while 3P3 is
the permutation of the three odd digits for the second, third, and fourth
spaces. Thus,
2P2 x 3P3 = 2! x 3! = 2 x 6 = 12.
There are 12 5-digit numbers that can be formed from the digits 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5, the first and last digits of which are even, as shown.

21354 23154 25134 41352 43152 45132

21534 23514 25314 41532 43512 45312

2. In how many ways can four different Algebra books and three different
Geometry books be arranged in a shelf if:
a) the shelf is good for five books only?
Again, considering the spaces for the books we have: ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬ ▬.
The space is good for five books only but there are seven books
to be arranged.

7!
Solution: 7 P5 =
(7−5)!
= 2,520

There are 2,520 various ways to arrange the seven books in a

shelf that could hold five books.

b) two particular books are grouped together?

▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ If two particular books are together, then we can
treat them as one but are permuted, 2P2. The two particular books that
are together, counted as one, and the remaining five books will be
permuted, 6P6. As if we are arranging six books in the shelf.

Solution: 6 P6 x 2P2 = 6! x 2! = 1,440

There are 1,440 distinct arrangements where two particular

books are together.

c) books of the same kind/area are grouped together?

The encircled spaces represent books of the same
kind. Notice that there are three different spaces
on the first group and four on the second.
Further, these groupings can still be
interchanged, which means that the two groups

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 can be permuted as 2P2, while the Geometry books
can also be permuted as 3P3, and so with the
Algebra books as 4P4.

Solution: 4P4 x 3P3 x 2P2 = 4! x 3! x 2! = 288

There are 288 arrangements where books of the same kind are
put or grouped together.

I hope that you have understood all the discussions. Brace yourself
with the activities ahead.

Activity 4
Answer each given situation below. Show complete computations,
then box all final answers.

1. There are 12 athletes joining the Baguio Marathon Event. How

many ways can the first, second, and third placers be chosen?

2. Five boys and four girls are to arrange themselves to form a line. How
many arrangements can there be if:

(a) the boys stand together, and the girls stand together?

(b) the boys and the girls stand alternately?

3. There are 10 participants to a barangay meeting to talk about safety

measures to be implemented during the pandemic. In how many ways
can these 10 barangay participants arrange themselves in a row if three
of them should stay together?

4. A couple with their three children are to pose for a family picture. In how
ways can they be arranged in a row if:
(a) they can take any position?
(b) the mother and the father stay at both ends?

(c) In how many ways can they be arranged in two rows if the parents
will stay at the front row?

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 What I Have Learned
Let’s see how much you learned from the previous discussions.

1. Do what is asked for in each diagram below. Be sure to include important

points or concepts in your description.

FUNDAMENTAL
TREE DIAGRAM PRINCIPLE OF
COUNTING

Description: Description:

Illustration: Illustration:

2. Write a solution for each of the following situations using permutation

notation. No need to write the final in standard form/simplified answer.
(a) In how many ways can five students be seated in a row of five chairs?

(b) In how many ways can five students be seated in a row of three chairs?

(c) In how many ways can five students be seated in a row of two 2 chairs?

(d) In how many ways can five students be seated on a chair?

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 What I Can Do

Let’s see how fun it is to play with arrangements. A more systematic

way of finding the answers to some queries here is possibly by permutation.

Instructions: Read the premise on the first circle, then do what is asked in
the second and third column circles. Show computations beside the circles
and final answers must be written inside the circles.

I am of three
letters and I In how many
am always ways can you
1. despised in arrange my
homes. letters?
I am GREAT.
Use each of my
letters to find
what is asked.
I am of four In how many
letters and I ways can you
flow from arrange my
your eyes. letters with my
first letter stuck
to its place?

.
I am an
emotion which
is one letter
short of
DANGER.

How many ways

can you arrange
Who am I? my letters
without feeling
the same?

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 Assessment

DIRECTIONs: Let us determine how much you have learned from this
module. Read and analyze each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the blank provided for.

______ 1. If one event can occur in m ways and a second thing can occur in n
ways, then which expression gives the number of ways both events
can occur?
A) 𝑚! 𝑛! B) 𝑚 × 𝑛 C) 𝑚! D) 𝑛!

______ 2. Which expression is equivalent to 𝑛!?

A) 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2). . .2 × 1 C) 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)
B) 𝑛 – (𝑛 – 1) D) (𝑛 – 1)(𝑛 – 2)

______ 3. It is referred to as an arrangement of things in definite order or

distinct arrangement of distinguishable objects.
A) factorial B) tree diagram C) permutation D) listing

_______ 4. A coat hanger has four knobs, and each

knob is to be painted by a distinct color. If
six different colors of paint are available,
how many ways can the knobs be painted?
A) 24 B) 360 C) 720 D) 1,296

_______ 5. Evaluate 7P5.

A) 42 B) 120 C) 2,520 D) 5,040

______ 6. A new model of a car is available in six exterior colors, three

interior colors, and two interior styles. How many versions of car
are available for order?
A) 2 B) 6 C) 36 D) 720

______ 7. A multiple-choice test contains five questions, and each question

has four options. In how many ways can the five questions be
answered?
A) 20 B) 25 C) 625 D)1,024

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
______ 8. A bookshelf has five different Algebra books and n different
Geometry books. If there are 40,320 ways to arrange the books on
the shelf, how many Geometry books are on the bookshelf?
A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
______ 9. How many ways can the letters from the word FLEA be
arranged such that each “word” starts with a consonant and
ends with a vowel?
A) 8 B) 12 C) 24 D) 27

Use this situation for items 10 to 14. How many three-digit numbers
can be formed using the digits 5, 7, 8 and 2 if:
______ 10. the digits cannot be repeated?
A) 24 B) 64 C) 256 D) 512

______ 11. repetition of digits is not allowed, and the number is less than
700?
A) 48 B) 24 C) 12 D) 6

______ 12. 5 is the first digit and repetition is not allowed?

A) 6 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12

______ 13. 5 is the first digit, 2 is the second digit, and repetition of digits is
allowed?
A) 6 B) 8 C) 4 D) 2

______ 14. 5 is the first digit, 2 is the last digit, and repetition of digits is not
allowed?
A) 16 B) 8 C) 4 D) 2

______ 15. How many permutations are there in the letters of the word
HELPING if ING remain in that order?
A) 1,000 B) 720 C) 380 D) 120

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
 Additional Activity

You are asked to drop three different coins into the figure below with
one tube connected to three smaller tubes. In how many ways can the coins
drop to the ground with only one coin passing through the tubes? Illustrate
your answers by making a diagram below the figure.

Solution: Answer:

Your diagram here:

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CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
18
ASSESSMENT:
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C
6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. A
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED:
Tree Diagram Description : A
diagram that shows the WHAT I CAN DO:
relationships between 1. RAT 3! = 6 arrangements
different pieces of information
TEAR 3! = 6 arrangements
using lines that are connected
and that have different 2. ANGER 6! = 720 arrangements
branches. The end of each
branch is one outcome.
Activity 4:
12!
Illustration on the branching out 1. 12P3 = = 1,320 2. a) 5P5 4P4 2P2 =
(12−3)!
will do.
5!4!2!=5,760 b) 5P5 4P4 = 5!4!= 2,880
FCP Description: if one event
3. 8P8 3P3 = 8!3!= 241,920 4. a) 5P5 = 5!=120
has m possible outcomes and
a second independent event b) 2P2 3P3 = 2!3!=12 c) 2P2 3P3 = 2!3! = 12
has n possible outcomes,
then there are m × n total
possible outcomes for the two ACTIVITY 3:
events together.
1. 720 2. 12 3. 20
Illustration: 4 × 5 if there are 4. 24 5. 1680 6. 5 040
4 choices for one event and 5
choices on the other. 7. 120 8. 20 160
Pre-test:
1. A 2. A 3. C
Activity 2:
4. D 5. D 6. B
1. E 2. C 3. A 4. B
7. B 8. B 9. A
Activity 1: 10. D 11. B 12. B
1. 60 ways 2. 120 codes 13. D 14. C 15. A
Answer Key
References:

Oronce, O. A. & Mendoza, M.O. (2015). E-Math Grade 10. Manila,

Philippines: Rex Bookstore.

https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/sciencecommunication/files/2016/08/coast
al-wetland-
1ak2931.jpghttps://www.priklady.eu/en/mathematics/combinatorics/per
mutations.alej
https://probabilityformula.org/permutations-examples.html

https://doubleroot.in/lessons/permutations-combinations/permutations/

https://probabilityformula.org/permutations-examples.html

https://www.analyzemath.com/statistics/permutations_combinations.html

19
CO_Q3_Mathematics 10_Module 26
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