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Module 3 UTS

This document provides an overview of key ideas in psychology about the self. It discusses several influential psychologists and their theories of self, including Wilhelm Wundt's ideas about nature vs nurture, William James' concepts of the "I" and "me", Carl Rogers' self-schema theory, Albert Bandura's social learning theory, Sigmund Freud's model of the id, ego and superego, and George Herbert Mead's view that self and identity are social constructs developed through interaction. The objectives are to understand these psychological perspectives on the self and reflect on one's own definition.

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BARBARA SANTIANO
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
123 views

Module 3 UTS

This document provides an overview of key ideas in psychology about the self. It discusses several influential psychologists and their theories of self, including Wilhelm Wundt's ideas about nature vs nurture, William James' concepts of the "I" and "me", Carl Rogers' self-schema theory, Albert Bandura's social learning theory, Sigmund Freud's model of the id, ego and superego, and George Herbert Mead's view that self and identity are social constructs developed through interaction. The objectives are to understand these psychological perspectives on the self and reflect on one's own definition.

Uploaded by

BARBARA SANTIANO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GE 1 | Understanding The Self

Module 3 | The Self as Cognitive Construct

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Identify about the different ideas in psychology about the “self”;
2. Analyse the effects of various factors identified in psychology in the formation
of the “self”;
3. Create your own definition of the “self” based on the learned lesson; and
4. Reflect on the learning experience.

II. Essential Learnings:


Psychology
 It is a field of social sciences that deals with the description, explanation,
prediction and control of behaviour. The first goal is to observe behaviour
and describe in a minute of detail, what was observed as objectively as
possible.

Wilhelm Wundt
 Start of psychology as scientific enterprise
 Debated about the nature versus the nurture in his approach.
o Nature refers to all genes and hereditary factors
o Nurture refers to how the environment affects the self.

William James
 Conceptualized the self as having two aspects – the “I” and the “me.”
o The “I” is the thinking, acting and feeling self. It is the self that
recognizes who they are and what they have done. It is also called
the pure ego.
o The “ME” on the other hand, is the physical characteristics as well as
psychological capabilities that makes who you are. It can be
considered as separate object or individual that the person refers to
when discussing or describing their personal experience. It is
sometimes called empirical me. It has three components the material
self, the social self and the spiritual self.
 Material self consists of things or objects that belong to the
person.
 The social self refers to who the person is in particular social
situation.

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GE 1 | Understanding The Self
Module 3 | The Self as Cognitive Construct

 The spiritual self refers to a more permanent or concrete part


of the self.

Carl Rogers
 Captured this idea in his concept of self-schema or our organized system
or collection of knowledge about who we are.
 The schema is not limited to the example above. It may also include your
interests, work, course, age, name and physical characteristics, among
others. As you grow and adapt to the changes around you, they also
change.
 But they are not passive receivers, they actively shape and affect how you
see, think feel about things.
 His theories generally see the self and identity as mental constructs, created
and recreated in memory.
 Current researches point to the frontal lobe of the brain as the specific area
in the brain associated with the processes concerning the self.
 He is known for his person – centered theory.
o The real self concept refers to all information and perception the
person has about himself.
o The ideal self is what you want to be.

Albert Bandura
 He is the proponent of the social learning theory which explains how a
person is affected by the interaction among environmental events,
behaviour and personal factors.
 Mediating processes occur between stimuli & responses
 Behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of
observational learning

Sigmund Freud
 Haw the self, its mental processes and one’s behaviour as the results of the
interaction between the id, ego and superego.
 According to Freud psychoanalytic theory:
o the Id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains
sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories,

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GE 1 | Understanding The Self
Module 3 | The Self as Cognitive Construct

o the super-ego operates as a moral conscience;


o and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of
the id and the super-ego

George Herbert Mead


 1934
 The self is created and developed through human interaction
 There are three reasons why self and identity are social products
o We do not create ourselves out of nothing.
o Society helped in creating the foundations of who we are and even if
we make our choices
o We still operate in our social and historical contexts in one way or the
other. You may, transfer from one culture to another, but parts of who
you are affect you and you will also have to adapt to the new social
context.

III. Readings:
Alata, Eden Joy Pastor, et.al, UNDERSTANDING THE SELF, Rex Bookstore, Inc.,
First Edition, 2018
Brawner, Dalisay G. and Arcega, Analiza F., UNDERSTANDING THE SELF, C &
E Publishing, Inc., 2018
McLeod, S. (2019). Id, Ego and Superego. Retrieved August 10, 2020, from
SimplyPsychology: https://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html
McLeon, S. (2016). Albert Bandura - Social Learning Theory. Retrieved August 10,
2020, from SimplyPsychology:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html
Panis, R. (2020, February 29). The self as cognitive construction. Retrieved August
18, 2020, from Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TC3Fm89nIp4
Riel, S. (2019, January 26). The Self from the Perspective of Psychology -
Understanding the Self. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from Youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIe0euhvZeI
Tomas, Rodrigo DP, et.al. UNDERSTANDING THE SELF, Mutya Publishing
House, Inc., 2017

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