INFOGRAPHIC POSTER

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
DNA EXTRACTION, ESTIMATION OF DNA CONCENTRATION

Expected Result
AND GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

direction of DNA
location of DNA main function of migration when latest technology to
in bacterial gel star stain in electrical current quantify the DNA
cells gel electrophoresis is applies to the gel concentration

Allowing sensitive
fluorescent detection
of DNA and RNA
DNA banding pattern
using a standard 300
nm UV transilluminator
They move towards the
Fluorescence dyes to tell the sizes by

comparing to the standards.

positive electrode It is important information to help

characterised any DNA examined

DifferenCES between
PLASMID EXTRACTION plasmid and
chromosomal DNA
Expected Result
plasmid chromosomal DNA
DEFINITION OF Purified
PLASMID the advantages of having plasmid
DNA

Plasmids are
small circular
pieces of DNA
that replicate
independently
from the
host's
chromosomal
DNA

DIGESTION OF DNA Expected Result

The DNA samples in the

The kinds(samples) of DNA There are more than The chemical that caused
Each band in that can assume were placed
one band of DNA for
agarose gel photograph based
the DNA to become
agarose gel.
in each separated wall if it
each of the samples on the analysis of the graph
were a fingerprinting fragmented.
plotted

The DNA must have It is restriction enzymes The DNA standard contains a
DNA mixture of DNA fragments of pre-
been cut into specifically, which are
fragments One fragments by used to cut DNA into
determined sizes that can be
compared against the unknown DNA
restriction enzymes fragments. The chemical samples. It is important to note that
action of the restriction different forms of DNA move
enzymes cutting at through the gel at different rates.
specific base sequences Supercoiled plasmid DNA, because of An image of a gel post electrophoresis. EtBr
its compact conformation, moves
was added to the gel before electrophoresis to
through the gel fastest, followed by
a linear DNA fragment of the same a final concentration of 0.5 μg/ml, followed by
size, with the open circular form separation at 100 V for 1 hour. The gel was
traveling the slowest.
exposed to uv light and the picture taken with
a gel documentation system.

TRANSFORMATION OF BACTERIA

Expected Result

Plasmid plate
Plasmid plate is
The plate(s) would most likely be positive because
The type of bacterial cells The plasmid used to
that was used in the transform the bacteria
The plates that will find bacteria located if there are any Function of have the colony
most similar to the original non- grows. This happen
experiment. in this experiment.
transformed E.coli colonies.
genetically transformed control plate.
bacterial. because plasmid
puc19 resistant to
antibiotic ampicilin

pGLO LB plate. Plate(s) would they

E.coli DH5a Gene The experiment can be
Cloning This is because most likely be located carried forward with
cells
everything is at the +pGLO LB/amp just the positive and
allowed to grow negative control, the
and the +pGLO
inside this plate. other controls are just
LB/amp/ara plates. Control plate
for troubleshooting
This is because both
later if there is no
these plates have the colony or false positive
plasmid inside them colonies.
which allows for the
transformation.

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Expected Result
Cheek Cells

Extracted
Function of primers,
Steps in PCR Medical application of
Taq polymerase and
dNTP for PCR process. PCR

A primer is a short, single-stranded DNA 1. Denaturation, in which

sequence used in the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) technique. A pair of primers is double-stranded DNA These techniques can be
used to hybridize with the sample DNA and templates are heated to used in drug
define the region of the DNA that will be
separate the strands BUCCAL CELLS PCR
amplified.
Taq DNA Polymerase is essential to 2. Annealing, in which short
development, especially
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Taq DNA molecules called in measuring the
Polymerase can only produce DNA if it has a
primer, a short sequence of 20 nucleotides primers bind to flanking efficacy of drug therapy
that provide a starting point for DNA regions of the target DNA
synthesis.
3. Extension, in which DNA
and research into
dNTPs in PCR is to expand the growing DNA
strand with the help of Taq DNA polymerase extends the 3′ cancer detection and
polymerase. It binds with the
complementary DNA strand by hydrogen
end of each primer along the treatment.
bonds. template strands.

REFERENCES

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xEDEJ0DHFA&t=198s
2. Chan, V., Dreolini, L., Flintoff, K., Lloyd, S., & Mattenley, A. (n.d.). The Effect of Increasing Plasmid Size on
Group Members AS1144A2 :
Transformation Efficiency in Escherichia coli. Journal of Experimental Microbiology and Immunology
(JEMI), 2, 207–223. https://www2.microbiology.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/roles/drupal_ungrad/JEMI/2/2- 1.Ismat Irfan Bin Mustafa
207.pdf
3. New England Biolabs. (2021). . Neb.com. https://international.neb.com/products/c2988-neb-5-alpha- (2019249938)
competent-e-coli-subcloning-efficiency#Product%20Information 2.Nur Adawiyah Binti Mohd Salleh
4. Activity 3: Restriction Enzyme Analysis. (2021). Activity 3: Restriction Enzyme Analysis; Activity 3:
Restriction Enzyme Analysis.
(2019884736)
https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/disimpactmngmnt/labexercises/PlantBiotechnology/Pages/Activity3.
aspx
5. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Buccal-cells-DNA-extraction-to-obtain-high-quality-
K%C3%BCchler-Tannure/caf43b16e0a3a7021e979fa762f27f48f11156b4
6. https://info.gbiosciences.com/blog/plasmid-isolation-overcoming-the-challenges-for-isolating-plasmid-
dna