Page 1 of 5 CheatSheet (Uresearcher)

Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet

-l (small L letter): long listing format

ls -g Print entries without owner

Is Command for Listing Files ls -lX Sort the list by extension [long information
listing format]

ls *k Search files ending with the

ls ~ List files in the home directory
letter ‘k’ (for example)
ls -X Sort the list by extension
ls List files in the current working
directory ls seq* Search files with characters ‘seq’
ls -li Print the index number (or inode (for example) in the beginning
ls ../ List parent directory number) of each file

ls -lh Check the size of files and

List the contents of the directory directoriesin a human-readable
ls ../../ one level above format Linux Directory Structure
ls -a List all files including hidden files
starting with ‘.’. / The root directory
ls -lhS Sort file size (largest file size first)
[long listing format]
/bin Essential user binaries
ls -l The long listing of the content (programs). Important system
of the current directory programs and utilities are
ls -p Add / (slash sign) to mark
ocated in /bin
directory
ls -d */ List directory entries only
Contains the files needed to
/boot
ls -F Add / (slash sign) to mark boot the system
ls -r Reverse order while sorting directory and * sign to indicate
executable files
ls -R /media The standard location for
List subdirectories recursively temporary media
ls -m Print out all directories and files [subdirectories within /media]
ls -lt Sort the list by modification
separated by a comma.
time (newest first) [long listing
format] /dev Contains a number of special
files that represent devices
Print out all directories and files
Sort the list by modification time ls -Q in the directory with quotation
ls -t
(newest first) marks. /etc Contains configuration files

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 Page 2 of 5 CheatSheet (Uresearcher)

Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet

/home Contains a home folder for /usr Contains applications and files rm -rf Forcefully and recursively
each user used by users [read-only in directory deletes a directory along
normal operation] with its content
$ rm -rf Uresearcher
/lib Contains libraries needed by /var Contains applications and files
the essential binaries used by users [writable] rm Forcefully deletes a file
filename $ rm -f cheatsheet.pdf

Contains recovered files rm -f Forcefully deletes a file

/lost+
found [important when file system Directory operations filename $ rm -f cheatsheet.pdf
crashes]

displays the present working

/mnt Temporary mount points pwd directory Change Directory (cd)

mkdir Create a new directory. cd Change from the current working

/opt Contains subdirectories for directory to the home directory
optional software packages $ mkdir Uresearcher

cd Change from the current working

mkdir -p Create nested directories.
/proc contains special files that directory directory to a specified directory
$ mkdir -p Uresearcher
represent system and $ cd Uresearcher
/hello/researcher
process information
cd - Change from the current working
directory to the previous working
/root The home directory of the root
Be careful while performing delete directory
user operations
cd .. Change Current directory to parent
directory
/run A standard place to store Remove/delete an existing
rmdir
transient files directory [provided it is empty] Move one directory lower from the
cd ../
$ rmdir Uresearcher current working directory
/sbin System administration binaries
cd 'dir Navigate to directories with
rm -r Deletes a directory recursively name space in their names $ cd
directory along with its content with dir\ name\ with\ space
/tmp Contains temporary files
$ rm -r Uresearcher space'

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 Page 3 of 5 CheatSheet (Uresearcher)

Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet

Search and Locate Files and find Find and remove a single file grep -Rnw
directory
To know the exact line
.-type f $ find . -type f -name where the string of text
Directories -name "cheatsheet.pdf" -exec -e “string” exist $ grep-Rnw ~/
"filename rm -f {} \; Uresearcher/ -e
find . Find files using the name .ext" “cheatsheet”
-name [Case-sensitive] in the current -exec rm
filename directory -f {} \;
$ find . -name uresearcher.txt grep -Rnw Search string in a special
--include type of file (for example: pdf)
=\*.sh $ grep -Rnw --include=\*.pdf
find /home Find files using the name find directory ~/Uresearcher/ -e “cheatsheet”
. -type f Find and remove multiple
-name [Case-sensitive] available files $ find . -type f -name -e “string”
filename under the home directory -name
"*.ext" "*.pdf" -exec rm -f {} \;
$ find /home -name
-exec grep Search for more than one
uresearcher.txt
rm -f {} \; -Rnw string patterns
--include $ grep -Rnw --include=\*.pdf
=\*.sh ~/Uresearcher/ -e
ind . Find files using the name
directory “cheatsheet” -e “linux”
-iname and ignoring the case find /tmp To find all empty files under -e
filenam $ find . - iname cheatsheet.pdf -type a certain path “string1”
f -empty -e
find / - Find all directories with “string2”
type d - directory name in / directory
name $ find / -type d - name find /tmp To file all empty directories
directory Uresearcher -type d under a certain path. Handling compressed archive
-empty files (create, extract, view
find . -type Find all files with name modify archive files)
f -name and extension in a current
filename. working directory Find a Specific String or Word
ext $ find . -type f -name
cheatsheet.pdf
in Files and Directories tar Create a tar archive file (e.g.
-cvf name uresearcher.tar) from a
_of directory (~/Uresearcher/)
find Find all files in a directory grep -Rw Recursively and aggressively _compressed $ tar -cvf uresearcher.tar
. -type with a certain extension directory search a directory (e.g. ~/ _file.tar to ~/Uresearcher/
f -name (e.g. PDF) $ find . -type f -e “string” Uresearcher/) for a string _be
"*.ext" -name "*.pdf" “cheatsheet”.$ grep -Rw ~/ _compressed
Uresearcher/ -e “cheatsheet” _directory/

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 Page 4 of 5 CheatSheet (Uresearcher)

Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet

tar cvzf Create a gzip archive file tar -tvf List content of tar archive
name_of (e.g. uresearcher.tar) from compressed file in Linux $ tar -tvf
_compressed a directory (~/Uresearcher/) _file uresearcher.tar
_file $ tar cvzf uresearcher.tar.gz Note: -tvf is common
.tar ~/Uresearcher/ option for listing content
to_be_com- OR of all formats (e.g. tar, tar
pressed_ $ tar cvzf uresearcher.tgz .gz, tgz, tar.bz2, tar.tbz, tar
directory/ ~/Uresearcher/ .tb2) Note: Group of files can be extracted
using the same way and wildcards
tar -xvf Untar a single file from (e.g. extract all pdf files)
tar cvfj Create a bz2 archive file
compressed tar file in Linux
to_be_ (e.g. uresearcher.tar)
compressed from a directory
_file $ tar -xvf uresearcher.tar $ tar -jxvf uresearcher.tar.gz “*.pdf”
filename cheatsheet.pdf
_file.tar to (~/Uresearcher/)
_be_
compressed $ tar cvfj uresearcher
_directory/ .tar.bz2 ~/Uresearcher/
OR tar -zxvf Untar a single file from
$ tar cvfj uresearcher. compressed tar.gz file in Linux
tar.tbz ~/Uresearcher/ _file filename $ tar -zxvf uresearcher
.tar.gz cheatsheet.pdf
OR
$ tar cvfj uresearcher
tar -rvf Append new files/
.tar.tb2 ~/Uresearcher/ tar -jxvf Untar a single file from compressed directories to the already
compressed tar.bz2 file in Linux _file filename compressed file
_file $ tar -jxvf uresearcher $ tar -rvf uresearcher.tar
tar -xvf To untar or extract a tar file filename .tar.gz cheatsheet.pdf newcheatsheet.pdf
compressed $ tar -xvf uresearcher .tar Note: This command
_file Note: For untaring cannot be used for an
multiple files from any of existing tar.gz or tar.bz2
tar -xvf To untar or extract a tar these file formats, use files
compressed file $ tar -xvf uresearcher their respective option
_file -C .tar-C ~/newdata (e.g. -xvf, -zxvf, -jxvf)
specified and “file1 “file 2”
_directory Note: -xvf is common tar -czf Check the size of the tar,
option for extracting all $ tar -jxvf uresearcher.tar compressed tar.gz, and tar.bz2 archive file
formats (e.g. tar, tar.gz, .gz “cheatsheet.pdf” _file | wc -c $ tar -czf uresearcher
tgz, tar.bz2, tar.tbz, tar.tb2) “cheatsheet.txt” .tar | wc -c

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 Page 5 of 5 CheatSheet (Uresearcher)

Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet

Split and Join commands for split -n10 Split files with a specified number of
Note: To run an executable,
managing large files file.txt chunks $ split -n10 file.txt first do chmod +x and then run
Output: xaa xab xac xad xae xaf xag the sh script.sh command
split file.txt Split a large file (e.g. 5000 lines) xah xai xaj $ chmod +x multicommands.sh
into smaller files (by default 1000
lines) split -n10 -e Split files with a specified number sh script.sh To execute the commands and
$ split file.txt &> output. log the output/error to a file
file.txt of chunks with no zero size chunk
Output: xaa xab xac xad xae log $ sh multicommands.sh &>
$ split -n10 -e file.txt
output.log]
Output: xaa xab xac xad xae xaf
split -a4 file. Change the default suffix length
txt of 2 to user-specified xag xah xai xaj sh -x script. To execute the commands and
$ split -a4 file.txt sh &> output. log each command as it is
Output: xaaaaa xaaaab xaaaac log executed
xaaaad xaaaae cat To concatenate two (or more files) $ sh -x multicommands.sh &>
file1.txt output.log
file2.txt >
and write the output to a new file
split -b2000 Split a larger file (e.g. 10000 bytes) $ cat file1.txt file2.txt > newfile.txt
new- sh -e To execute the commands and
file.txt into smaller files (e.g. 2000 bytes) file.txt script.sh abort on encountering an error
by size &> $ sh -e multicommands.sh &>
$ split -b2000 file.txt output.log output.log
join To join two (or more files) and write
file1.txt the output to a new file
split -b Split a larger file into smaller files
file2.txt > $ join file1.txt file2.txt > newfile.txt About Uresearcher:
20M file.txt by size in MB (e.g. 20 MB each)
new-
file.txt Uresearcher is a research education company.
$ split -b 20M file.txt
Our mission is to provide a cutting-edge
research curriculum, high-quality teaching,
and 24×7 scientific support accessible to
split -d file. Split files with a numeric suffix To execute multiple commands anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world.
txt $ split -d4 file.txt
Output: x00 x01 x02 x03 x04
at once with a text file This cheat sheet is made available under the
Research Education for Everyone
initiative.
split -500 file. Split files with a specified number sh script.sh To execute multiple commands at
once with each command written in Know more: https://uresearcher.com/
txt of lines $ split -500 file.txt a new line (sequential ordering) in
Output: xaa xab xac xad xae xaf the text file (e.g. multicommands.sh) Copyright©Uresearcher Growth Labs
$ sh multicommands.sh Published on: 20th September 2021
xag xah xai xaj

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