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Starting System

The starter is a 5 kilowatt, non-reduction drive model with an aluminum gear housing and replaceable brushes. The starter circuit starts at the batteries and runs through the starter relay. Maintenance involves keeping the starter terminals clean and tight. Diagnosis of starting system issues includes checking for low battery charge, sulfated terminals, excessive current draw, faulty relay, and open circuits. Slow cranking could be caused by a low battery charge or dirty connections.

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Oggy Toffy
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45 views

Starting System

The starter is a 5 kilowatt, non-reduction drive model with an aluminum gear housing and replaceable brushes. The starter circuit starts at the batteries and runs through the starter relay. Maintenance involves keeping the starter terminals clean and tight. Diagnosis of starting system issues includes checking for low battery charge, sulfated terminals, excessive current draw, faulty relay, and open circuits. Slow cranking could be caused by a low battery charge or dirty connections.

Uploaded by

Oggy Toffy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1D-14 Engine Electrical

Starting System
General Description

Starter and Glow Plug Relays


The starter is a 5 kilowatt, non-reduction drive model. The starter circuit starts at the batteries. The battery
The gear housing and armature end bearing housings cable goes to the large terminal on the starter.
are aluminum. The brush ASM has replaceable From that terminal wires lead to the engine control
brushes. The commutator bars are mica insulated and switch and the starter relay.
are undercut.

* 4HK1 is shown for illustration.

Name
1. Starter 3. Ground Cable
2. Nut 4. Bolt

Maintenance
Keep the starter’s exterior clean. Remove corrosion
from the terminals, leads, and connectors.
Tighten the starter to engine mounting bolts and the
electrical cable retaining nuts.
Engine Electrical 1D-15
Diagnosis of Starting System If the voltage is less than 0.5 volt, measure the voltage
at the battery cable terminal on the starter. If the
No Cranking, No Sound voltage is 18 volts or more, repair the starter. If the
• Discharged batteries. Turn on the headlights and voltage is less than 18 volts, clean and tighten the
check the brightness. If the headlights are dim, positive cable connections. If the voltage is still less
charge the batteries. Check for the cause of the than 18 volts, replace the positive cable.
discharged batteries.
• Sulfated battery terminals. Turn on the headlights. On-vehicle Service: Starting System
The headlights will be bright. Attempt to start the
engine. The headlights will be very dim or go out. Maintenance
Clean all the battery terminals and cable ends.
Keep starter terminals and all other terminals in the
• A starter that draws too much current. electrical system clean tight. A loose or corroded
• Starter relay won’t work. Attempt to start and listen connection or terminal will cause excessive resistance
for a “click” at the starter relay. If there is no “click,” in the system that will result in hard starting. At regular
check the starter relay control terminals with a test intervals, inspect the starting system to locate and
light. If the test light shows that power is getting to correct potential causes of trouble before the system
the starter relay, check the ground circuit with the performance is affected. Starting motors do not require
test light. If the ground circuit is OK, replace the lubrication.
starter relay.
• Engine control switch start circuit won’t close.
With the engine control switch turned to start,
check the starter relay with a test light. If the test
light doesn’t come on, check the starter circuit at
the engine control switch with the test light. If the
test light comes on, check the harness for an open
and repair. If the test light does not come on,
replace the engine control switch.
• Starter relay power circuit isn’t closing. Attempt to
start. The starter relay “clicks.” Check the
secondary terminals with a test light. If the test light
lights on the battery side only, replace the starter
relay. If the test light lights on both terminals, check
for an open at the starter.
• Starter clicks when start is attempted. Check all
power connections for corrosion. Clean
connections if corrosion is present. Terminal on
starter should have at least 18 volts on it when
cranking the engine. If voltage is OK, replace the
starter.

Slow Cranking, Solenoid Clicks or Chatters


• Discharged batteries. Turn on the headlights and
check the brightness. If the headlights are dim,
charge the batteries. Check for cause of
discharged batteries.
• Check the battery terminal for corrosion. Hint: Test
for warm terminals. Clean all the battery terminals
and connectors.
• Loose or dirty connections. Measure the cranking
voltage at the battery terminals. If the voltage is
less than 18 volts, load test the battery. If the
battery is bad, replace the battery. If the battery is
good, repair the starter.
If the voltage is 18 volts or more, measure the voltage
from the battery NEGATIVE terminal to the engine
block. If the voltage is 0.5 volt or more, repair the
ground cable and connections.

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