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 CHAPTER1
OBJECTIVES: LESSON 1
At the end of the module, Introduction of Physical Education
you must have:
What is Physical Education?
 Define and discuss the Physical Education (PE) - is interdisciplinary study
meaning of Physical Education, of all areas of science transmission of physical knowledge
objective, its importance and and skills to an individual or group, the application of thee
legal basis. skills and their results.
 Understand the objectives and Physical Education is “education through physical”.
importance of Physical It aims to develop students’ physical competence and
Education towards a healthy knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to use
lifestyle. these to perform in a wide range of activities associated
 Discussed the benefits of with the development of an active and healthy lifestyle. It
exercise and physical activities also develops student’s confidence and genetic skills,
in relation to health. especially those of collaboration, communication, creativity,
 Analyze fitness as the major critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation. These, together
goal of Physical Education. with the nurturing of positive values and attitudes in PE,
 Defined and interpret the provide a good foundation for students “lifelong and life-
meaning of Physical Fitness wide learning.
and its relevance to wellness
development. OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
 Demonstrate the components The primary aims of physical education vary
of Physical fitness. historically, based on the needs of the time and place.
 Recognize the importance of Often, many different types of physical education occur
healthy living simultaneously, some intentionally and others not. Most
 Use proper terminologies in modern schools systems claim their intent is to equip
describing movements. students with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and values
along with the enthusiasm to maintain a healthy lifestyle
into adulthood. Some schools also require physical
education as a way to promote weight loss in students.
Activities included in the program are designed to promote
physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge
and understanding of rules, concepts, and strategies, and
to teach students to work as part of a team, or as
individuals, in a wide variety of competitive activities .

Physical Development
Through carefully selected physical education activities, an
individual who participates actively will develop and
maintain good health and high level of physical fitness. The
acquisition of physical skills can motivate an individual to
participate further in physical activities: hence, healthy
growth and development of each learner will be enhanced.

Social Development
Participation in Physical Education activities provides
opportunities for the acquisition and practice of desirable
social traits necessary for adjustment to happy living and to
the social life in general. Some worthwhile traits are:
 Friendliness
 Cooperation
 Respect for the rights of others

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  Good sportsmanship
 Good leadership and followership
 Honesty in group competition

Emotional Development
The informal nature of physical education offers opportunities for the development of expression and
emotional traits needed for emotional mastery like:
 Self confidence
 Self-control
 Self-reliance
 Courage
 Determination
 Personal discipline

Mental Development
Through participation in Physical Education activities the individual develop his mental capacities as
he learns the mechanical principles of underlying movement, as the learner acquires knowledge and
understanding of rules and strategies of games and sports as well as dance instructions, as he
discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics and dance, and the ability to analyze and
give judgments.

LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Article 1- Introduction, section 1- Rationale

The Tertiary Physical Education Program serves as an enhancement of Health- Optimizing PE
(H.O.P.E.) in senior high school in view of the changing activity patterns of college- age students.

It also underscores the role of PE in the:

Formulate of constructive behaviors for managing the stress of academic demands;
Provision of necessary ‘break’ from sedentary activities in the classroom;
Development of school loyalty and nationalism through the sporting culture.

Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris, 1978 and
Recommendation 1, Interdisciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO,
Brisbane Austria, 1982. States that:
“The practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right for all..”
“And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the right to adequate food,
shelter, and medical care.”
Article XIV, section 19, 1986 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines –
“The State shall promote Physical Education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports including training for international competition to foster self-
discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”
“All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country and in
cooperation with athletic club and other sectors.”
Furthermore, Republic Act No. 5708, known as The School Physical Education and Sports
Development Act of 1969 provided for:
“An integrated physical education and sports development program in all schools in the
Philippines (Section 2)… the goal is to instill in young citizen a proper appreciation of the importance
of physical development hand in hand with the mental development in individual and social activities
(1) and the provision for “well- rounded physical education program must be addressed to physical
growth, social training, and personal discipline for all pupils and student as well as superior athletic
achievement for those who are psychologically inclined and physically gifted (2).

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Article II- General Provisions, section 4- Goals and Context of PE

“PE is the key learning area in the school curriculum that focuses explicitly on making learners
adapt to lifelong physical activity. It promotes an understanding of the centrality of movement in daily
life, in all its form”.

“The Tertiary PE program thus provides for appreciation for a variety of expression and
engagement of physical activities and to ascertain that opportunities are inclusive of all context and
learners”.

VALUES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The value of physical education activities are found in the resulting development and
adjustment of the individual. Engaging in any activity stimulates in some degree the four types of
development although different activities emphasize different amounts. Regular exercise and physical
activity are extremely important and beneficial for long-term health and well-being.
Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity
 Reduce the risk of premature death
 Reduce the risk of developing and/or from heart disease
 Reduce high blood pressure or the risk of developing high blood pressure.
 Reduce high cholesterol or the risk of developing high cholesterol.
 Reduce the risk of developing colon cancer and breast cancer.
 Reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
 Reduce or maintain body weight or body fat.
 Build and maintain healthy muscles, bones, and joints.
 Reduce depression and anxiety.
 Improved psychological well-being.
 Enhance work, recreation, and sports performance.

THE FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. ORGANIC
This is the development of power and endurance of the heart, lungs, heat-regulating
mechanism, and digestive and eliminating organs. These various organs gain power and stamina
from use.
2. NEUROMASCULAR
The development of skills and coordination required in the mastery of life’s varied activities
can be directly attributed to physical education; also to the development of strength in the skeletal
muscles used in such coordination.
3. INTERPRETIVE
This type of development strengthens thinking, interpreting, and problem-solving processes
of the individual. It starts with the explanatory play of infancy and childhood and continues through all
physical education activities.
4. EMOTIONAL
The development and maturing of impulses and emotions through activities which give them
expression under natural controls such as officials, rules, traditions, and the person’s desire to stay
in the game and play are inherent in team sports where fear, anger, joy, and other powerful emotions
are experienced.
Here is a list of words with their origins and meaning:
 Apparatus – from the Latin word “apparare”, to prepare; a device or, a group of devices
used for a particular purpose
 Anthropomorphic – from the Greek words “anthropikos”, human being and “morphic”;
having a specified shape form
 Calisthenics – from the Greek words “kalos” beautiful and “sthenos” for strength;

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 excercises without the use of any apparatus
 Coordination – from the Latin word “ordinatus”, to arrange; the harmonious functioning of
muscles or groups of muscles in the execution of movements.
 Cardiovascular - from the Greek word “kardio”, heart, and the Latin word “vasculum”,
relating to or involving the heart and the blood vessels
 Exercise – from the Latin words “ex” and “arcere”, to restain; bodily exertion for the sake
of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state
 Flexibility - from the word “flexus”; to bend
 Gymnastics - from the Greek word “gumnos” or sometimes “gymnos”, naked.
 Gymnasium – from the Greek word “gumnasion” or “gumnazein” meaning to exercise
naked; a place where Greek youth exercised.
 Kinesiology – from the Greek words “kinesis”, movement and –ology fro branch of learning.
Baron Nils Posse was the first to coin this word in relation to his Swedish gymnastics
 Pedagogue – from the Greek words “padio”, boy and “agogos”, leader. It now means a
school teacher or an educator. It was literally a slave who supervised children and took
them to and from school.
 Pedagogy – from the Greek “see above”; the art or profession of teaching.
 Physical Education – from the Latin word “physica”, physics and “education”; the training
of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigor.
 Physiology – from the Greek words “phusio”, nature and –ology branch of learning; the
branch of the biological science dealing with the processes and functions of an organism.
In Physical Education it is mainly Human Physiology which applies to a study of the
functions of the organs and tissues in man.

LESSON 2
PHYSICAL FITNESS

This lesson will provide basic information about fitness and its benefits to one’s health.
As a college student it is important that you identify your own level of fitness. Engage in
different fitness activities that will help you develop your own fitness plan.

What is Physical Fitness?

Physical fitness is a combination of medical fitness (body soundness) and dynamic

fitness (capacity for action). A physically fit person is free from disease alone can move and
perform efficiently. Neither good health nor physical proficiency alone constitutes physical
fitness, which combines both qualities. Another factor is emotional factor. This is readily
apparent in athletic contest, where good performance requires self-discipline, effective
teamwork, and the ability to remain calm under stress.

Medical fitness and dynamic fitness usually go together, but it is possible to possess
one without the other. Many people who are medically sound may also be weak and unable
to endure strenuous physical exertion. They are described as being “out of condition”. Other
people with chronic health problems are physically strong and skilled. Intensive conditioning
helps them to offset the handicaps of bad health.
Physical Fitness is the ability of an individual to perform one’s daily activities efficiently
without undue fatigue reduces the risk of health problems and with extra “reserve” in case of
emergency.

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IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Through regular exercises, physical fitness helps the individual:
 in the proper growth of young bones and muscles;
 improve the ability to avoid and recover from illnesses and accidents;
 improve posture and appearance by strengthening muscles that support the body;
 minimize stress response;
 maintain proper body weight;
 Prevent heart ailment;
 improve organic functions;
 delay the aging process;
 feel good and younger as a human being, and
 Experience joy of participation in any recreational or sports activities.

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Physical fitness is a personal responsibility. Few individuals other than athletes and
military personnel are actually required to participate in organized fitness program. Most
people are physically unfit simply because they do not get enough exercise. Many do not
take the time to exercise, and others try to stay fit with only light, infrequent activity.
A person’s physical fitness is determined by such factors as age, heredity and
behavior. Although many people cannot control their age or heredity, their behavior can help
them become physically fit and stay that way. Individuals vary greatly in their capacity for
physical fitness, but anyone can improve by exercising regularly.
Health habits that aid physical fitness include getting enough sleep, eating properly,
receiving regular medical and dental care, and maintaining personal cleanliness. Overeating
and eating the wrong kinds of foods; smoking; and drug abuse, including excessive use of
alcohol, can harm health. Harmful health habits can undo the results of regular exercise.
A person’s level of physical fitness depends largely on how frequently and intensely
he or she exercises. Most health experts agree that people should exercise at least three
times a week to maintain desirable fitness. Improvement occurs faster with more frequent
workouts.
There are two basic components of physical fitness: the health-related components
and the skill-related components. Health-related fitness pertains to the total functioning of the
body. These include cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength,
flexibility, and body composition. The skill-related fitness components, on the other hand, are
agility, balance, coordination, power and speed.

Health-Related Components:

There are five areas of health-related fitness. They are heart and lung
endurance or cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

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1. Cardiovascular endurance or
cardio- respiratory fitness is the
ability to exercise the entire body for
long periods of time. It requires a
strong heart, healthy lungs, and clear
blood vessels to supply the body with
oxygen. Activities to improve fitness in
this area include running, swimming
and aerobic dance. A person must do
the activity continuously for a minimum
of 20 minutes within their target heart
rate zone. Endurance/cardiovascular
activity should be done a minimum of
3 days per week. Every other day is
preferable. The mile or the pacer will
measure fitness testing in this area.

2. Muscular Strength is the

amount of force you can put forth
with your muscles. It is often
measured by how much weight you
can lift. People with strength have
fewer problems with backaches and
can carry out their daily tasks
efficiently. Examples of muscular
strength include push-ups, weight
lifting heavy weight with few
repetitions, and pull-ups. Fitness
testing will be measured by doing
push-ups.

3. Muscular Endurance is the

ability to use the muscles, which are
attached to the bones, many times
without getting tired. People with
good muscular endurance are likely
to have better posture, have fewer
back problems, and be better able to
resist fatigue than people who lack
muscular endurance. You can
improve muscular endurance by
lifting weights with many repetitions
or doing sit-ups. Measuring the
number of sit-ups, you can do
correctly is used for fitness testing.

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 4. Flexibility is the ability to use your
joints fully. You are flexible when the
muscles are long enough and the
joints are free enough to allow
movement. People with good flexibility
have fewer sore and injured muscles.
Stretching before and after activities
will help improve flexibility. The sit-
and-reach and the trunk lift are two
tests used to measure flexibility.

5. Body Composition is the percentage

of body weight that is fat compared to
other body tissue, such as bone and
muscle. People who have a high
percentage of fat are more likely to be ill
and have a higher death rate than lean
people. Exercise and eating the right
foods in the proper amounts can improve
body composition. Body composition
can be measured using an instrument
called calipers, a specialized scale, or it
can be calculated by using the body
mass index (BMI) which uses height and
weight to determine your BMI.

Skill-Related Fitness
1. Agility refers to the capacity of a person to rapidly and efficiently move
their body. This often involves their willingness to shift their course
without pause while retaining their equilibrium.
Some examples of agility are:
• stepping aside quickly in the hallway to avoid running into someone else
• stopping, starting and changing directions quickly to avoid a defender
• stepping quickly on the court to return a serve or an opponent’s shot
• changing directions quickly to avoid stepping out of bounds

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2. Balance refers to a person’s ability to maintain their equilibrium when
moving or when they are in a stationary position.
Some examples of balance are:
• performing a v-sit on the beam or on the floor
• landing after a rebound in basketball
• re-gaining balance after ‘stepping in opposition’ when serving a ball

3. Coordination refers to a person’s ability to perform complex movements

due to the working together of the nervous system and the muscles of the
body. This is also referred to as a person’s ability to do two things at the same
time.

Some examples of coordination are:

• catching a ball in a lacrosse scoop while running
• dribbling a ball while moving
• hitting a pickle ball while moving forward on the court

4. Power refers to a person’s ability to transfer energy into force at a rapid

pace also known as explosive body movement. Power is considered to be a
combination of strength and speed. It has also been defined as the ability to
exert muscle force quickly. For this reason, some consider it to be a
combination of skill and health-related physical fitness.

Some examples of power include putting the shot and vertical jumping.
There are, however, many different types of power and total assessment
would require many different tests.

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 5. Speed refers to a person’s ability to move fast. Speed combined with strength will provide
power and force. This is a skill-related component of physical fitness that relates to the ability
to perform a movement within a short period of time. There are many different types of speed
such as running speed, swimming speed, speed of hand or foot movement to name but a few.
Among athletes a 40-yard dash is often used to measure speed. There are a wide variety of
tests of speed that are specific to different movements and activities.
Some examples of speed are:
 running a fast-break in basketball
 moving a racquet fast through the ‘hitting zone’ to hit a ball harder
 running fast to catch a Frisbee during an ultimate Frisbee game

6. Reaction time is a skill-related component of physical fitness that relates to the time
between one of your senses recognizing a stimulus and your body moving in response. One
example of reaction time is moving your foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal when
reacting to a situation that requires a person to stop a car. However, like other skill-related
fitness tests there are many different types of reaction time and total assessment of reaction
time would require many different tests.

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SPECIFIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
 Organic Vigor – refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs which contributes to
the ability to resist disease.
 Endurance – is the ability to sustain long continued contractions where a number of
muscle group are used; the capacity to bear or last long in a certain task without undue
fatigue.
 Strength – is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or
breaking; the ability of the muscles to exert efforts against resistance.
 Power – refers to the ability of the muscles to release maximum force in the shortest
period of time.
 Flexibility – is the quality of plasticity, which gives the ability to do a wide range of
movement.
 Agility – is the ability of the individual to change direction or position in space with
quickness and lightness of movement while maintaining dynamic balance.
 Balance – is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-muscularly; a state of
equilibrium.
 Speed – is the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the shortest
period of time.
 Coordination – is the ability to integrate the body parts to produce smooth motion.

What is Physical Wellness?

Physical Wellness – is the positive state of well-being and capacity of an individual
to design personal fitness programs for improving and maintain optimum levels of health.

BENEFITS OF HEALTH AND WELNESS

 Looking Good – Regular physical activity is a healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle such
as proper nutrition, good posture, and good body mechanics can help you look your
best.
 Feeling Good – People who engage in regular physical activity feel better. You can
resist fatigue, are less likely to be injured and are capable of working more efficiently.
 Enjoying Life – Life is more enjoyable when you engage in regular physical activity
that results in physical fitness, the key to be able to do more of the things you want to
do.
 Meeting Emergencies – A fit and active person has the capacity to help or to assist
other people when they need help.

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 Lesson 3
Fundamental Movement Skills

The fundamental movement skills (FMS) are basic observable patterns of behavior
present from childhood to adulthood. They consist of three skills groups that underpin
physical literacy: non- locomotor, locomotor, and manipulative skills.

1. Non- locomotor Skills or stabilization skills are controlled bodily movements (e.g.
shifting the body parts) that are performed from a relatively stable base of support.

 Bracing/ Anti- Rotation/ Anti- extension

 Stretching

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  Turning/ Rolling/ Twisting

 Squat and ready position

 Lunge

 Balancing

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2. Locomotor Skills involves transporting the body from one place to another.

 Crawling and creeping

 Jumping and Landing

 Hopping, Skipping and Leaping

 Running

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  Shuffling and Sliding

3. Manipulative/ Object Control Skills involve the use of the hands, feet, body parts
or an implement to control the object, as well as sending, receiving or traveling with
an object.

 Sending: Throw, Kick, Strike and Roll

 Receiving: Catch, Trap and Stop

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  Travelling with: dribbling with feet, hands and stick

Important Terms:

 Anti- rotation- exercise enhance core strength and stability by resisting

rotation.
 Anti- extension- exercise actively resist extension of the lumbar spine or
lower back.
 Turning refers to a partial or total rotation of the body and its parts.
 Rolling refers to the transfer of weight in order to get the whole body to
move from one position to another. This can be done while lying down or
sitting.
 Twisting refers to a transverse movement of the body that keeps one hip
flexed and adducted, causing muscles inside the hip to contract while
muscles on the outside stretch.
 Crawling is done on all fours, moving forward by dragging the body close
to the ground.
 Creeping is moving on all fours with the body distant from the ground.
 Hopping is done by propelling the body off the ground using one leg and
landing on the foot at the same leg.
 Skipping involves small hops in between strides or steps.
 Leaping is widely springing from one place to another by pushing off the
ground on one foot and landing using the other foot.

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Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health
Children and adolescents (5 to 17 years old) should do 60 minutes
or more physical activity daily. Most of the 60 minutes or more a day
should be either moderate or vigorous- intensity aerobic physical activity.
Part of this 60 minutes or more of daily physical activity should include
muscles and bone strengthening activities for at least three days a week.
Most of all, it is more important to participate in physical activities that are
appropriate for one’s age, are enjoyable, and offer variety.
Adults (18 to 64 years old) should avoid inactivity. Any amount of
physical activity is better than none. To gain substantial health benefits,
adults should do at least 150 minutes a week of moderate intensity or 75
minutes per week of vigorous- intensity aerobic activity or a combination
of these intensity levels. Physical activities can be accumulated by
performing multiple, short bouts of at least 10 minutes to meet the goal of
30 minutes per day five times per week, as well as muscles- strengthening
activities that are moderate to high intensity and involve all major muscles
groups should be performed for two or more days a week.

Source: (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 2010)

ACTIVITY 1.1

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY READINESS QUESTIONNAIRE (PAR- Q)

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 Performance Task No. 1

Perform at least 2-3 skills from each of the Fundamental Movement Skills
(Locomotor, Non- locomotor and Manipulative/ Object Control Skills) in a picture or video
presentation. You can use the choice of song/ music for the video in 1 minute.
Example you can have Locomotor skills: 1. Lunges, 2. Twisting, Non- locomotor
skills: 1. Crawling 2. Jumping, 3. Shuffling, Manipulative/ Object Control Skills: 1.
dribbling the ball by hands/feet, 2. striking. You can perform for 5-8 repetitions for the
video. Send it to our Google Classroom, Messenger or Email.

RUBRICS FOR PERFORMANCE TASK

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 REFERENCES

1. Punzalan, M.D., et al. (2019). Physical Education 1 Movement

Enhancement. Mindshapers Co., Inc. Manila
2. Hargrove, T.R. (2014). A Guide to Better Movement. Better Movement. Seattle, WA
3. Urbiztondo, S.M., et al (2019). PathFit 1 Movement Competency Training.
Vibal Group. Inc.

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