SHS

Basic Calculus
Quarter 4-Week 8 Module 16
Area of a Plane Regions
Basic Calculus
Grade 11/12 Quarter 4: Week 8 - Module 16
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Catalina M. Estalilla, MT-I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PHD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, PHD, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, PHD, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Erlinda M. Dela Peña, EDD., EPS in Charge of

Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Target

In the previous lessons, most of the integration process dealt with

indefinite integrals, where the upper and lower intervals were not clearly
defined. The definite interval, on the other hand, involves the specific upper
and lower intervals where in the function is defined. Taking the difference
between these two definite intervals results in an approximate result of the
value on the integral.

This module deals with approximating the area bounded by a curve,

leading to the conceptualization of definite integrals. It explains how it is
defined, how it is calculated, and how it is used. In this module we will
investigate the relationship between area and accumulation. We will tie
together the definite integral and the area under a curve.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compute the area of a plane region using definite integral.

STEM_BC11I-IVij-1
2. solve problems involving areas of plane regions. STEM_BC11I-IVj-2

Subtasks

1. Sketch the graphs of two functions in a rectangular coordinates

2. Decide on either the vertical strip method or horizontal strip method to
use and define its limit
3. Set the integral that represents the area of the plane region.
4. Use the appropriate formula based on the strip then integrate
5. Solve problems involving areas of plain regions

Before going on, check how much you know about the topic. Answer
the pretest below in a separate sheet of paper
 Pretest
Directions: Read each item carefully, and select the correct answer. Write the letter
of your choice in separate sheet of paper.

1. In the region above the 𝑥-axis bounded by the function 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 3, what

are the limits of integration?
A. 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = −3 B. 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = −3
C. 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = −3 D. 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 3

2. In item # 2, what is the area of the region bounded by the functions?

A. 0.25 B. 1.33
C. 2.10 D. 3.11

For item 3-5 use the graph below to answer the following questions
3. What method should you use to find the area
of the region bounded by functions?
A. Either horizontal or vertical strip method
B. Neither horizontal or vertical strip method
C. Diagonal strip method
D. Double strip method

4. If we are to use the horizontal strip method,

what are the limits of integration?
A. [2, 4] B. [4, 4] C. [2, 8] D. [4, 8]

5. What are the limits of integration if we will use the vertical strip method?
A. [2, 4] B. [4, 4] C. [2, 8] D. [4, 8]

6. What is area of the region bounded by functions?

A. 4.56 B. 5.46 C. 6.45 D. 8.54

7. What is the area bounded of the plane region bounded by 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 = 1,

𝑥 = 3 and the 𝑥-axis?
A. 13 B. 14 C. 15 D. 16

8. Find the area of the plane region bounded below

𝑦 = 1 − |𝑥 − 1| and above the x-axis.
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

9. What are the intersections of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥?

A. (−1, 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−2, 2) B. (−1, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−2, 2)
C. (−1, 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2, 2) D. (−1, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2, 2)
10. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥.
A. 3 B. 7/2 C. 4 D. 9/2

11. What definite integral would represent the area bounded by the line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 +
10 = 0, the coordinate axes in the first quadrant and the line 𝑥 = 10?
10 10 𝑥
A. ∫0 (𝑥 + 10)𝑑𝑥 B. ∫0 ( + 10) 𝑑𝑥
2
10 𝑥 10 𝑥
C. ∫0 ( + 5) 𝑑𝑥 D. ∫0 ( − 5) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

12. What is the area of bounded by the lines in item #11?

A. 18 B. 36 C. 45 D. 75

13. What is the area under the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 and 𝑥-axis between 𝑥 = 1
and 𝑥 = 3?
A. 28 B. 36 C. 46 D. 54

14. What is the area of the region bounded by the curve 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 8 − 𝑦 and
the 𝑥-axis?
A. 15 B. 25 C. 26 D. 36

15. What is the area of the region bounded by the parabolas 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and the
𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ?
A. -9 B. 6 C. 9 D. 27
 Module
Area of a Plane Regions
8
Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the

activity below. Have fun and good luck!

Activity 1: Set My Integral

Set up an integral that represents the area of the planar region shaded
in each figure. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

1. 3.

𝐴1 = ______________________ 𝐴3 = ______________________
2. 4.

𝐴2 = ______________________ 𝐴4 = ______________________
5.

𝐴5 = ____________________

Discover

The Area Bounded by Two Curves

We know that when 𝑓(𝑥) is

nonnegative (not below the 𝑥 axis) on [𝑎, 𝑏],
𝑏
the definite integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 can be used
to determine the area of a planar region
that is bounded by the curve 𝑓(𝑥), the 𝑥-
axis and the vertical lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏.
This is illustrated in the figure on the right.

We can extend this technique of

using the definite integral to determine the
area of a planar region bounded by a curve
𝑓(𝑥) and another curve 𝑔(𝑥).

Area Bounded by Two Curves

If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are two continuous function for
which 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥) on [𝑎, 𝑏], then the area bounded
by the two functions and the vertical line 𝑥 = 𝑎 and
𝑥 = 𝑏 on [𝑎, 𝑏] is
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎
Methods for Finding the Area Bounded by Curves in Rectangular Coordinates

1. Vertical Strip Method 2. Horizontal Strip Method

𝑏 𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑦
𝑎 𝑎

Where: [𝑎, 𝑏] – limit of integration Where: [𝑎, 𝑏] – limit of integration

𝑑𝑥 – length of the strip 𝑑𝑦 – width of the strip
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) – width of the strip 𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦) – length of the strip
𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 – area of the region 𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑥 – area of the region

Illustrative Example 1:

Determine the area below 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and above the 𝑥-axis.

Solution:
Here is a sketch of the bounded region we want to find the area of.

We will use the Vertical Strip Method to find the

3 3
area 𝐴 = ∫−1 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 or 𝐴 = ∫−1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

The upper function is the parabola (i.e. 𝒇(𝒙) =

𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ) and the lower function is the 𝑥-axis
(i.e. 𝒚 = 𝟎 or 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟎).

The limits are where the parabola crosses the 𝑥-

axis and so all we need to do is set the parabola
equal to zero (i.e. where it crosses line 𝑦 = 0) and
solve.
3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 0 → −(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 → 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 3
3
3 1
𝐴 = ∫−1 (3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 3 |
−1
𝐴 = [3(3) + 32 − 33 ⁄3] − [3(−1) + (−1)2 − (−1)3 ⁄3]
 1 5 𝟑𝟐
A = (9 + 9 − 9) − (−3 + 1 + 3) = 9 + 3 = sq. units
𝟑

Illustrative Example 2:

Find the area bounded by the parabola 𝑔(𝑦) = 3 − 𝑦 2 and the line 𝑥 = −1.

Solution:
Sketch of the bounded region.

Method: Horizontal Strip Method

Right function: parabola 𝑔(𝑦) = 3 − 𝑦 2

Left function: line 𝑥 = −1.

Limits on 𝑦: 3 − 𝑦 2 = −1 → 𝑦2 = 4
→ 𝒚 = −𝟐, 𝒚=𝟐

2
The area is 𝐴 = ∫−2 [𝑔(𝑦) − (𝑥)]𝑑𝑦
2 2
𝐴 = ∫−2 [(3 − 𝑦2 ) − (−1)]𝑑𝑦 𝐴 = ∫−2 (4 − 𝑦2 )𝑑𝑦
2
1 (2)3 (−2)3
𝐴 = 4𝑦 − 𝑦 3 | 𝐴 = [4(2) − ] − [4(−2) − ]
3 3 3
−2
8 8 16 𝟑𝟐
𝐴 = (8 − 3) − (−8 + 3) = 16 − = sq. units
3 𝟑

Illustrative Example 3:
Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑦 = sin(𝑥), 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 2.

Solution:
Sketch of the bounded region.

Method: Vertical Strip Method

Upper function: parabola 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 +

𝟐

Lower function: curve 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙)

Limits on x: 𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝒙=𝟐

The area is
2
𝐴 = ∫−1 [𝑓(𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
 2
2 2 1 3
𝐴= ∫−1 [(𝑥 + 2) − sin(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 𝐴 = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + cos(𝑥) |
3
−1
8 −1
𝐴 = [ + 4 + cos(2)] − [ − 2 + cos(−1)] ∗∗∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
3 3
9
𝐴= (3+6 + cos(2) − cos(1)) = 9 + (−0.4161) − 0.5403 = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝟔
∗∗∗ 𝐷𝑜𝑛′ 𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒

Illustrative Example 4: Consumer’s Surplus

The demand for a particular item is given by the function 𝐷(𝑥) = 1450 − 3𝑥 2 .
Find the consumer’s surplus if the market price (equilibrium) of a unit is Phh250.

Solution:
We will use the definite integral as an
accumulator of surplus. Here 𝐷(𝑥) =
1450 − 3𝑥 2 , and 𝑝𝑒 = 250. But is only
one coordinate of the equilibrium
point. We need the other coordinate
of 𝑥𝑒 .
When 𝑝 = 250,
250 = 1450 − 3𝑥 2
3𝑥 2 = 1200 → 𝑥 2 = 400
𝒙 = −𝟐𝟎, 𝒙 = 𝟐0

The value of 𝑥 must be positive 𝑥𝑒 = 20 . Thus, the equilibrium point is (20, 250)
𝟐𝟎
The Consumer’s Surplus is 𝑪𝑺 = ∫𝟎 [𝑫(𝒙) − 𝒑𝒆 ]𝒅𝒙
20
𝐶𝑆 = ∫0 [1450 − 3𝑥 2 − 250]𝑑𝑥
20
𝐶𝑆 = ∫0 [1200 − 3𝑥 2 ]𝑑𝑥

20
3
𝐶𝑆 = 1200𝑥 − 𝑥 |
0
𝐶𝑆 = [1200(20) − 203 ] − [0] 𝐶𝑆 = 𝟏𝟔, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

Interpretation: When the cost to the consumer of a unit of a particular product is

Ph250 and the demand of the product is given by the 𝐷(𝑥) = 1450 − 3𝑥 2 , the
consumer surplus is Ph16,000. Put another, when 𝑥𝑒 = 20 units of the
product are demanded and purchased and the equilibrium price is 𝑝𝑒 = 𝑃ℎ250,
the total savings to the consumer is Ph16,000.
 General Strategy for Area Bounded by Curves
1. Sketch the curves.
2. Decide on vertical or horizontal strips. (Pick whichever is easier to write
formulas for the length of the strip, and/or whichever will let you integrate
fewer times.)
3. Write an expression for the area of the strip.
If the length is dx, the width must be in terms of x.
If the width is dy, the length must be in terms of y.
4. Find the limits of integration. (If using dx, the limits are x values; if using
dy, the limits are y values.)
5. Integrate to find area.

Explore
Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to
master and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned
from this lesson.

*Use separate sheet of paper for your answers.

Enrichment Activity 1
Direction: Write the integral that represents the area of the planar region
shaded in each figure.

1. 3.

2. 4.
5.

Enrichment Activity 2:
Direction: Use the graph below to complete the following data of item 1 - 5

1. Right function: _______________.

2. Left function: ________________.

3. Limits of integration: _________.

4. Method: _____________________.

5. Area (formula):
________________________________.

6 -10 Calculate the area bounded by

the two parabolas on the right by
showing your complete solution
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Individual Assessment:
Direction: Sketch the region enclosed by the given curves then find the described
area.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑦 = 9 − 𝑥2, 𝑥 = −1, and 𝑥=2

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥2, 𝑥 = 2, and 𝑥=5

3. 𝑦 = 0, and 𝑦 = −4𝑥 2 + 16,

4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 , and 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2

5. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 𝜋/2

 Deepen

Performance Task: Beyond Walls

The Congressman of your town will visit your school for the inauguration of
the newly constructed building. You are a painter who is famous for designing
regions bounded by curves, that is why you are asked to present your geometric
pattern design and computations for the cost of paint which will be used by the
Principal. Your output will be subject for approval based on the criteria:
1. illustration of design (5 points)
2. accuracy (5 points),
3. exactness of solutions (5 points), and
4. over-all presentation (5 points),

Perform the following:

1. State your proposed function and graph

2. Solve the area of the regions bounded by the two functions

3. Use this ratio to estimate the paint needed and to compute the cost of paint
1 square unit = 10 sq. ft.
1 liter of paint (cost ₱200) can cover 12 sq. ft.
 Gauge

Directions: Read each item carefully and select the correct answer. Write the letter
of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

For #1-4 use the information given by the graph below

1. What is the best method of finding the area

bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −1, 𝑥 = −1 and
𝑥 = 2?
A. Horizontal strip method
B. Vertical strip method
C. Diagonal strip method
D. Double strip method

2. What are the limits of integration in the

figure?
A. [-1, 2] B. [-1, -1]
C. [-1, 4] D. [1, 4]

3. Which of the following shows the area of the region on the right?
2 2
A. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥 B. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − (−1))𝑑𝑥
4 4
C. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑑𝑥 D. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − (−1))𝑑𝑥

4. What is the area bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −1, 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 2?

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

5. What are the intersections of the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 2 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 ?

A. (−1, 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1, 2) B. (−2, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−2, 1)
C. (−1, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2, 2) D. (−1, 1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−2, 2)

6. Which of the following shows the area of the plane region by the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 −
2 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥?
2 2
A. ∫−1(𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 2)𝑑𝑦 B. ∫−1(𝑦 − (𝑦 2 − 2))𝑑𝑦
2 2
C. ∫−1(𝑦 2 − 2 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 D. ∫−1(𝑥 2 − 2 − 𝑥))𝑑𝑥

7. Find the area of the plane region by the curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 2 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
A. 3.5 B. 4.5 C. 5.5 D. 6.5

8. What is the area of the plane region bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 2 and
𝑥 = −𝑦 2 + 2.
A. 5.54 B. 6.54 C. 7.54 D. 8.54

9. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 and the line 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 12.
A. 25.67 B. 37.71 C. 41.67 D. 56.17

10. Find the area bounded by the parabolas 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 and 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 .

A. 5.11 B. 5.33 C. 5.77 D. 5.88
 For item number 11-15, match the area bounded by each of the functions, the
x-axis and the line indicated to the left, to the answers on the right.
OPTION ANSWER
2
11. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 1, between 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 2 A. 2
3
12. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
1
between 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2 B. 2
𝑥 2 +1
1 2
13. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = , between 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 2 C.
𝑥 3
14. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin 𝑥, between 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 𝜋 D. 1.11
15. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 between 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2 E. 0.693
References:
Printed Materials
Vidallo, Mark Anthony J. and Caringal, Zeus Anthony C. (2008). Calculus. Manila,
Philippines: St. Augustine Publications, Inc.

Burzynski, Denny and Sanders, Guy. (1996). Applied Calculus: Interpretation in

Business, Life and Social Science. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company.

Canlapan, Raymund B. (2017). Basic Calculus. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa

Learning Systems Inc.

Websites:
Pearson Education (1995-2015). Specialist Maths Dimensions. Retrieved February
18, 2021 from https://wps.pearsoned.com.au/sm34/37/9624/2463901.cw/index.html

Bulian, Janise (2020). MATHalino-Engineering Mathematics. Retrieved February

16, 2021 from https://mathalino.com/reviewer/integral-calculus/plane-areas-in-rectangular-
coordinates-applications-of-integration

Dawkins, Paul (2003-2021). Calculus 1- Areas Between Curves. Retrieved February

16, 2021 from https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Solutions/CalcI/AreaBetweenCurves/Prob6.aspx

Areas Between a Curve and X-Axis. Retrieved February 16, 2021 from
http://www.phengkimving.com/calc_of_one_real_var/12_app_of_the_intgrl/12_02_areas_of_plane
_regions.htm

PERC Learning Portal (2019). Basic Calculus – Quexhub. Retrieved February 22,
2021 from
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gerund.shsbasiccalculus
Pretest: 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. C
Jumpstart: 5
1. ∫0 𝑓𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
2. ∫−4 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑏
3. ∫𝑎 𝑓𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑
4. ∫𝑐 [𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑐
5. ∫𝑏 [𝑘(𝑥) − 𝑚(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎
Explore: 1. ∫𝑑 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑒
2. ∫𝑑 [𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
Enrichment 𝑏
Activity 1 3. ∫𝑎 [ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑐
4. ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑏 [𝑔(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
5. ∫𝑎 [𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑏 [ℎ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑐 [𝑔(𝑥) − ℎ(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
1. 𝑔(𝑦) = 4 + 𝑦 2
Enrichment 2. ℎ(𝑦) = 2 − 𝑦 2
Activity 2 3. [-2, 1]
4. horizontal strip
1 1
5. ∫−2 [𝑔(𝑦) − ℎ(𝑦)]𝑑𝑦 = ∫−2 [4 + 𝑦 2 − (2 − 𝑦 2 )]𝑑𝑦
6-10 Complete solution is 5 points Area = 12 sq. unit
Individual Assessment
1. 19.5 2. 28.5 3. 42.667 4. 21.333 5. 0.8284
Gauge: 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
11. C 12. D 13. E 14. B 15. A
Answer Key