1||Q u a r t e r 1 (Week 4 Module)

LESSON 9: One-to-One functions

LEARNING OUTCOME(S): At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent real-life
situations using one-to-one functions.

LESSON OUTLINE:
1. One-to-one functions
2. Examples of real-life situations represented by one-to-one functions.
3. Properties of one to one functions.
4. Horizontal line test.

LESSON PROPER
Definition: The function f is one-to-one if for any x₁, x₂ in the domain of f, then f(x₁,) ≠ f(x₂). That is, the
same y-value is never paired with two different x -values.
In Examples 1-5, determine whether the given relation is a function. If it is a function, determine whether it
is one-to-one or not.

EXAMPLE 1. The relation pairing an SSS member to his or her SSS number
Answer. Each SSS member is assigned to a unique SSS number. Thus, the relation is a function. Further,
two different members cannot be assigned the same SSS number. Thus, the function is one to one.

EXAMPLE 2. The relation pairing a real number to its square.

Answer. Each real number has a unique perfect square. Thus, the relation is a function. However, two
different real numbers such as 2 and –2 may have the same square. Thus, the function is one to one.

EXAMPLE 3. The relation pairing an airport to its airport code

Airport codes are three letter codes used to uniquely identify airports around the world and prominently
displayed on checked-in bags to denote the destination of these bags. Here are some examples of airport
codes:
 MNL – Ninoy Aquino International Airport (All terminals)
 CEB – Mactan-Cebu International Airport
 DVO – Francisco Bangoy International Airport (Davao)
 JFK – John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City
 CDG – Charles de Gaulle International Airport (Paris, France)
Airport codes can be looked up at https://www.world-airport-codes.com
Answer. Since each airport has a unique airport code, then the relation is a function. Also, since no two
airports share the same airport code, then the function is one-to-one.

EXAMPLE 4. The relation pairing a person to his or her citizenship.

Answer. The relation is not a function because a person can have dual citizenship (i.e., citizenship is not
unique).

EXAMPLE 5. The relation pairing a distance d (in kilometers) traveled along a given jeepney route to
the jeepney fare for traveling that distance.

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Answer. The relation is a function since each distance traveled along a given jeepney route has an official
fare. In fact, as shown in Lesson 1, the jeepney fare may be represented by a piecewise function, as shown
below:

F (d) = 8.00 if 0 < d ≤ 4

(8.00 + 1.50[d] if d > 4
Note that is the floor or greatest integer function applied to .
However, the function is not one-to-one because different distances (e.g., 2, 3 or 4 kilometers) are charged
the same rate (P8.00). That is, because F (3) = F (2) =F (3.5) = 8, then F is not one to one.
A simple way to determine if a given graph is that of a one-to-one function is by using the Horizontal Line
Test.

Horizontal Line Test

A function is one-to-one if each horizontal line does not intersect the graph at more than one point
The Vertical and Horizontal Line Tests.
All functions satisfy the vertical line test. All one-to-one functions satisfy both the vertical and horizontal
line tests.

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LESSON 10: Inverse of One-to-One Functions

LEARNING OUTCOME(S): At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to determine the inverses of
one-to-one functions.

LESSON OUTCOME:
1. Inverse of a one-to-one function.
2. Finding the inverse of a one-to-one function.
3. Property of inverse functions.

LESSON PROPER

The importance of one-to-one functions is due to the fact that these are the only functions that have an
inverse, as define below.

Definition: Let f be a one to one function with domain A and range B. Then the Inverse of f, denoted by f ˉ¹,
is a function with domain B and range A defined by f ˉ¹ (y) = x if and only if f ( x) = y for any y in B.

A function has an inverse if and only if it is one-to-one. If a function f is not one to-one, properly defining an
inverse function f ˉ¹, will be problematic. For example, suppose that f(1) = 5 and f(3) = 5. If f ˉ¹, exists, then
f ˉ¹, (5) has to be both 1 and 3, and this prevents f ˉ¹, from being a valid function. This is the reason why the
inverse is only defined for one-to-one functions.

To find the inverse of a one-to-one function:

(a) Write the function in the form y = f(x);
(b) Interchange the x and y variables;
(c) Solve for y in terms of x

EXAMPLE 1: Find the inverse of f(x)=3x+1

Answer. The equation of the function is y = 3x + 1
Interchange the x and y variables: x = 3y + 1
Solve for y in terms of x: x = 3y + 1
x – 1 = 3y
x−1 x−1
=y y=
3 3
x−1
Therefore the inverse of f(x)=3x+1 is f ˉ¹ (x) =
3

Property of an inverse function of a one to one function

Give a one to one function f(x) and its inverse f ˉ¹(x), the the following are true:
The inverse of f ˉ¹(x) is f(x)
f(f ˉ¹(x)) = x for all x in the domain f ˉ¹
f(f ˉ¹(x)) = x for all x in the domain of f.

For the second and third properties above, it can be imagined that evaluating a function and its inverse in
succession is like reversing the effect of the function. For example, the inverse of a function that multiplies 3
to a number and adds 1 is a function that subtracts 1 and then divides the result by 3.

EXAMPLE 2: Find the inverse of g(x) = x³ - 2

Answer :The equation of the function is y = x³ - 2

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Interchange the x and y variables: x = y³ - 2

Solve for y in terms of x: x = y³ - 2
x + 2 = y³
y = √3 ¿ ¿
Therefore the inverse of g(x) = x³ - 2 is g ˉ¹ (x) = √3 ¿ ¿

2 x−1
EXAMPLE 3: Find the inverse of the rational function f (x) =
3 x +4

2 x−1
Answer. The equation of the function is y=
3 x −4

2 x−1
Interchange the x and y variables: x=
3 x +4

2 x−1
Solve for y in terms of x: x=
3 x +4

x ( 3y – 4 ) =2y + 1

3xy – 4x = 2y + 1

3xy – 2y = 2x + 1
(Place all terms with y on one side and those without y on the other side.)

y(3x – 2 ) = 4x + 1

4 x +1
y =
3 x −2

2 x−1 4 x +1
Therefore the inverse of f(x) = is f ˉ¹ =
3 x −4 3 x −2

EXAMPLE 4: Find the inverse of f (x) = x² + 4x –2, if it exists.

Answer: You should recognize that this is a quadratic equation with the graph in the shape of parabola that
opens upward. Its is not a one to one function as it fails the function leads the horizontal line test.

Optional: We can show that applying the procedure for finding the inverse to this function leads to a result
which is not a function.

The equation of the function is y = x² + 4x – 2

Interchange the x and y variables: x = y² + 4y – 2

Solve for y in terms of x:
x = y² + 4y – 2
x + 2 = y² + 4y
x + 2 + 4= y² + 4y + 4 (complete the square)
x + 6 = (y + 2)²
± √ x+ 6 = y + 2
± √ x+ 6 – 2 = y y = ± √ x+ 6 – 2

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The equation y = ± √ x+ 6 – 2 does not represent a function because there are some x-values that correspond
to two different y-values ( eg, if x = 3 , and y can be 1 or – 5 ). Therefore the function f (x) = x² + 4x –2 has
no inverse function.

9
EXAMPLE 5: To convert from degrees Fahrenheit to Kelvin, the function is k( t ) = 5 ( t – 32 ) + 273.15,
where t is the temperature in Fahrenheit ( Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature). Find the inverse function
converting the temperature in Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheit.

9
Answer: the equation of the function if k = ( t – 32 ) + 273.15
5
To maintain k and t as the respective temperature in Kelvin and Fahrenheit ( and lessen confusion), let us not
interchange the variable. We just solve for t in terms of k:

9
k= ( t – 32 ) + 273.15
5

9
k - 273.15 = ( t – 32 )
5
9
(k - 273.15) = t – 32
5

9 9
(k - 273.15) + 32 = t t= (k - 273.15)
5 5

9
Therefore the inverse function is t(k) = (k - 273.15) where k is temperature in Kelvin
5

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Name:______________________________________ Date:___________________________

Q1W4 MATH Activity 4 (20PTS)

1. Which of the following are one-to-one functions? Justify your answer.10PTS

a. Books to authors
b. SIM cards to cell phone numbers
c. True or False questions to answers

2. Which of the following relations is a one-to-one function? 10PTS

a. {( 0, 0), (2,20), (3, 25), (4,30)}
b. {( - 2, 4), (-1, 2), (2, 4), (0,0), (1,2)}
c. {( 0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3,7),… (n,n+4),…}
Q1W4 MATH Activity 4.1 (31PTS)
I. Answer the following question 5PTS EACH
a. Give 3 examples of situations that can be represented as a one to one function and two example of
situations that are not one to one.
b. Choose a situation or scenario that can be represented as a one to one function and explain why it is
important that the function in that scenario is one to one.
II. Find the inverse function of the following one to one functions. 3PTS EACH
1
a. f(x) = x + 4
2
b. f(x) = (x + 3)³

3
c. f(x) =
x−4

x+ 3
d. f(x) = x−3

2 x +1
e. f(x) =
4 x−1

f. f(x) = 2x + 7

x−2
g. f (x) =
3 x +5

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