CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

ED 104 (The Teacher and the Community, School Culture,

and Organizational Leadership)
Second Semester 2020-2021 BPEd 2A 7:30-9:00 (T, Th)

Name: Franz Simeon Vincent E. Cheng Course & Section: BPEd-2A

Activity 1– Seven Philosophies of Education

Describe in just one sentence the emphasis of every philosophy after knowing its
three (3) salient features. It must be brief, simple but concise.

Constructivism emphasizes learning processes and skills of the learner; subject matter
and cultural knowledge are emphasized in essentialism; progressivism is centered on student
interests and needs, democracy, morality, and social development; in perennialism, subject
matter and common core curriculum are highlighted emphasizing on arts and sciences;
existentialism puts emphasis on the individual learner, social studies, and humanities;
behaviorism is concerned with favorable environments as stimuli for student behavior; and
linguistic philosophy focuses on the communication skills of the student.

Activity 2– General Filipino Values

Select at least 5 positive and 5 negative General Filipino Values which will neither
reinforce or diminish your function as a future teacher.

Without a doubt, our Filipino values represent the kind of people we are, as shown by our
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Many of our ideals are positive, but many are negative and
must be omitted, discarded, or re-oriented in some way. Many have voiced their concerns about
the decline of Filipino values, and much has been written about it. This has been linked to an
unjust social and economic system, modernization and westernization, and too much focus on
worldly materialism.

Values education is one of the most important

things that should be taught in schools. And, as a
future educator, it is important for me to instill
positive values in students so that we can build a better
country for future generations by reducing negative
attributes. One positive Filipino value that would
strengthen my capacity as a teacher is “paggalang”.
Since I was a child, I was taught by my parents and
teachers to regard the elderly with dignity and respect
by using “po”, “opo”, and “hindi po” when speaking
to them, and asking for “mano po” when greeting
them. Another value that I practice is “tungkulin ng panganay sa pamilya”. Although I am the
only child in the family, I am mature and responsible enough to fill up the role of my parents.
“Pagkatitulado” is also a value I observe. I look up to people with high education especially my
teachers in my course. They inspire and motivate me to acquire a degree and become a
professional teacher someday. In addition, being a go-between is also one of my attitudes.
Whenever my mother and father or my friends fight, I often serve as the intermediary to avoid
further misunderstanding between them. Finally, “pagmamay-ari” is a behavior of mine. I am a
usually thrifty person who values one’s education and possessions.

In contrast, Filipino people also have

negative values that sometimes give the country a
bad reputation. These ideals not only pull us down
individually but the entire nation as well. A
negative Filipino value that would not weaken my
function as a future teacher is regionalism. There
are many different ethnic groups and languages
within the Philippines and I am very accepting of
the differences that we have between them. “Nigas
cogon” is also a negative Filipino value. Some
Filipinos lack motivation and are easily
discouraged, but I find inspiration from my family
to motivate myself to work hard and live a better life. Another negative value is the “relax lang”
mentality. The mentality is always “I’m poor and I’ll be poor,” but in my opinion, it should be
“I’m poor but I’m going to work hard so my kids won’t experience the same hardship as me.”
Furthermore, “bahala na”, which translates as “come what may”, is the Filipinos’ own version
of fatalism, the belief of trusting in divine providence or leaving everything to the hands of fate.
Yet, life should not always be this way. While taking action in life, I always give enough
attention and thought, and give importance to everything whether it is big or small. Lastly, the
lack of sportsmanship is one of the toxic values Filipinos should change. Whenever I lose in
dance contests or sports competitions, I still show fairness, respect, and generosity towards my
opponent and for the competition itself.

In conclusion, we Filipinos are all known for our good characteristics. Our parents taught
us as children to honor elders, love our brothers, sisters, and family, have faith in God, and
always be kind to others. However, in our generation, these traits are slowly fading. That is why
it is important for students to practice such principles in school. The country's educational
institutes make significant contributions to fostering values education for students in order to
help them build a strong character. Doing otherwise denies the values we hold dear.

Activity 3– The Eight Common Behavior Tendencies

Select at least four (4) Common Behavior Tendencies which you think is applicable
to the teaching profession. Choose carefully and justify why it is so.

Understanding common tendencies in human behavior can help us better understand

ourselves and others. These common tendencies that are based on the behavior mechanism, are
applied in our everyday decision-making, which includes the school setting. To me, the social
comparison theory, proximity theory, responsibilities diffusion in group behavior, and
scapegoating behavior apply to many situations in the teaching profession.

Social comparison theory. Teachers need not to label students based on their
performance or compare their grades to those of others. Evaluation is often confused with
labeling or comparing the performance of students to one another through scores, grades, or any
other means by pointing out their weaknesses. This form of practice only humiliates students and
lowers their self-esteem. Instead of comparing a student’s performance with his or her peers,
comparing it to his or her prior performance can be used to identify his or her academic and
 developmental conditions and to provide the necessary
assistance without embarrassment. This not only
enhances learning but also boosts their self-confidence.
Previous information and experiences of students must
be acknowledged and used to develop new learning.
During teaching, learning, and assessing students, it is
important to consider and appreciate their differences,
as well as the fact that they perceive and respond in
various ways while learning.

Proximity theory. The best teachers

understand that building constructive, respectful
relationships with their students from the first
day of school is the key to unlocking student
potential. It is important to cultivate strong
relationships with students in order to promote
academic achievement. However, it can be
challenging and time-consuming. It is essential to
win the students' respect early in the year. If the
teachers do not respect their students, they will
not respect them. They should never yell,
use sarcasm, single out a student, or try to embarrass them. These acts would cause the entire
class to lose respect for them. Teachers must handle situations professionally. They should deal
with problems individually, in a respectful, yet direct and authoritative manner. Teachers must
treat each student equally. They cannot play favorites. The same set of rules must apply to all
students. It is also vital that a teacher is fair and consistent when working with students.

Responsibilities diffusion in group

behavior. It can be challenging to encourage
student involvement and sustain a high level of
engagement during the academic year. Teachers
may encounter sleep-deprived students, shy and
anxious public speakers, students who have not
read the assigned reading, and even students
who appear to be none of the above yet remain
stubbornly inactive nonetheless. One simple
solution to this problem is to organize in-class
group projects and to take it a step further by
monitoring participant activity within the group. To prevent irresponsible behavior and increase
overall results, each member must also have clear and accountable responsibilities. Though this
pedagogical approach can prove successful, it can also reintroduce and intensify the initial
problem of low student engagement on a micro-level. Social loafing and diffusion of
responsibility may permeate and ruin group work, much to the dismay of the teacher and the
students who do actively participate.

Scapegoating behavior. Teachers seem to

be the most convenient scapegoat for all the issues
of our country's education system. Whether the issue
is student results or graduation rates, many will have
you believe that teachers are to blame. According to
one study, the average individual views education
solely through the interaction of teachers and
students in kindergarten through twelfth-grade
classrooms. While this is an important aspect of
schooling, presenting education in this fashion
obscures the bigger players in the educational
system. School and district administrators, state and
federal governments, textbook publishers, research agencies, and large educational foundations
are all missing from this picture. These stakeholders play significant roles in determining how
funds are allocated to districts and schools, how curriculums are written and implemented, and
how teachers are hired and evaluated. When education is seen only through the lens of the
individual classroom, teachers become the convenient scapegoat for all the problems in public
education.

Activity 4– The School as an Agent of Social Change

Describe school as a venue of social change. Cite yourself as an example.

Change is the law of nature. The rapid

growth of industrialization and urbanization
induces a change in social setups, social systems,
and social patterns of human life. As a result, the
existing social standards, social institutions, and
social norms fail to meet human needs. Therefore,
there is a need for reform in these social elements.
Such reform will encourage societal growth and
prosperity. There is no excuse to resist
change, rather, we must ready ourselves to survive
in this changing world. Economic change, political change, religious change, science and
technological change, legal change, cultural change, etc. are all manifestations of social change.
It is a continuous cycle in which one change is followed by another. It is also temporary in
existence, as it denotes the innovation of new things as well as the alteration and renovation of
existing ones.

The school plays an important role in

shaping the structure of the society. One of the
school's primary duties is to socialize the young
generation and to maintain proper social order. It
not only serves as a means to bring about social
changes in the society, but it also serves to
accelerate the rate at which those changes occur.
The school is a venue for the development of
modern ideas. It greatly modernizes an individual's
attitudes, aspirations, and outlook, and aids in the
abolition of societal evils such as discrimination,
corruption, and human rights violations. In this way, the social patterns of people change. The
school contributes to the promotion of democratic values such as equality, integrity, and freedom
by bringing about such reforms in the society. The school also brings remarkable changes in the
different aspects of an individual’s life. That individual is prepared to engage in various social
works and activities so as to make his contribution to the progress and development of the
society.

For example, open today’s newspaper or

turn on the news. There is a good chance one will
find a teenager, or more likely several teenagers,
expressing their views or crafting action plans in
favor of a significant social cause. Teen activism
is on the rise and is gaining widespread attention
from parents, school administrators,
policymakers, and the media. Despite the
diversity of students' views, the expertise they
need to excel remains unchanged. As a future educator, I can assist them in developing the skills
and knowledge required to effectively present their case. I can equip them with the capacity to do
in-depth historical analyses of social reform movements. I can provide them with the tools they
need to articulate and transfer information on their own. As students look inward and consider
what it means to stand up for what they believe in, what impact a person can have, and what
motivates people to create social change, teachers can build a classroom culture that empowers
students to be agents of social change themselves.

Moreover, teachers can help students in reflecting on previous challenging circumstances,

both personal and social, that spurred other teens to take courageous stands. By studying another
young person’s impact, students learn how advocates like Greta Thunberg and Sarah Elago
created change and the process through which social change has occurred. As future a teacher, I
can also ask students to think about how the acts of these real-life heroes might be relevant today
and relate to events in our own communities. I can also ask them to research historical social
movements to determine what made them effective, whether by sit-ins, other mass protests, or
the use of media, and how these tactics apply to movements of today. Education thus plays a
predominant role in bringing about social change. We may say it is a passport to social change.
Without education, the knowledge of social change cannot be gathered and will therefore hamper
the process of social change. That means changes are always initiated through education in one
way or the other.

Activity 5– The School as an Organization

In your three (3) years of stay at Capsu Main Campus, identify at least five (5) good
practices that you have observed among the fourteen (14) principles of management. Do
these five (5) practices help in providing a satisfactory delivery of the program in which
you belong? Justify your answer.

Today's managers have an incredible amount of resources at their disposal to help them
develop their skills. But what about the managers who were paving the way 100 years ago?
Managers in the early 1900s had little external resources to guide and improve their management
practices. Thankfully, early theorists such as Henri Fayol helped managers get the skills they
needed to lead and manage more efficiently. Fayol and those like him are credited for laying the
groundwork for contemporary management theory. During my three years of education in Capiz
State University-Main Campus, I have practiced division of work, authority and responsibility,
discipline, equity, initiative, and Esprit de Corps among the 14 principles of management.

The first principle that I have observed is

division of work. During our CCPM (Capsu
Circle of PEHM and MAPEH) Day, we, the
officers of the organization were divided into
several groups according to our specialization
and skills. I was the chairperson of the
registration committee and emcee of the entire
program at that time. According to Henri Fayol,
specialization promotes the efficiency of the
workforce and increases productivity. In
addition, specialization of the employees
improves accuracy and speed. The second is authority and responsibility. I have been assigned
as a leader of a group a couple of times. In order to get things done in a group or organization, I
have the authority to give orders to my members. Of course, with this authority comes with
responsibility. Henri Fayol argues that the accompanying power or authority gives the
management the right to give orders to the subordinates. Responsibility can be traced back from
performance and it is, therefore, necessary to make agreements about this. In other words,
authority and responsibility go together and they are two sides of the same coin. Discipline is the
third principle that I have observed. As a member of an organization, I always follow and respect
its rules and regulations. In the context of moral behavior and respectful relationships, it is
frequently a part of the core values of a vision and mission statement according to Fayol. This
management principle is essential and is seen as the oil that keeps an organization's engine
running smoothly.

Fourth is equity. While dealing with

my members I always show kindness,
compassion, and equality towards them. I treat
them fairly and see all of them as equals. Fayol
explains that this principle fosters loyalty and
devotion in the employees to the organization.
Additionally, subordinates must be in the right
place in the organization to do things right.
Managers must supervise and monitor this
operation, as well as handle employees fairly
and impartially. The fifth principle I have
practiced is initiative. I show initiative by expressing new ideas and implementing these ideas
without the need to be told to do so. I am always willing to get things done on my own.
According to Fayol, this increases interest and involvement while also adding value to the
organization. Employee initiatives are a source of strength for the organization . This inspires
employees to be engaged and active as well. Lastly, I observed Esprit de Corps. Esprit de Corps
means “team spirit”. When tasked as a leader, I always strive for unity, cooperation, and team
spirit among the members. Fayol states that managers are responsible for the development of
morale in the workplace, both individually and in terms of communication. Esprit de Corps
contributes to the development of the culture and creates an atmosphere of mutual trust and
understanding.

Ultimately, these six practices have helped in providing a satisfactory delivery of the
BPEd program. These principles helped in achieving our goals and objectives. Proper
management ensured that the BPEd program follows a mapped course towards its vision and
mission. It also provided a sense of focus and direction. When the CCPM conducted its
activities, it was able to have a singular focus. As a result, we found it easier to anticipate
problems and cope with them. Once we managed our activities well, all other functions of
management fell into place. Other than that, we were able to maintain responsibility and order.
We worked as a team towards one common goal. Everyone knew what they needed to do,
making us more responsible because we were doing what we know best. Also, these principles
helped to initiate action and keep the organization moving. Through management, projects and
activities were initiated and sustained. As one can tell, it is impossible to overlook the
importance of management in an organization. In every organization, management plays an
important role in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. That is why I say the
importance of management is necessary for every organization.

Activity 6– Social Change and its Effect in the Educational System

Among the twelve (12) expected social changes for a school, select at least three (3)
which you think must be developed by Capsu. Justify your answer why you have selected
theses as priorities for an effective delivery of BPED program.
 The COVID-19 pandemic is quickly highlighting why online education should be an
important aspect of teaching and learning. By integrating technology into existing curricula, as
opposed to using it exclusively for crisis management, the school can harness technology as a
powerful educational tool. Of all the 12 social demands for education, I believe technology must
be one of Capiz State University’s priorities as a response to the social changes of today’s time.

Technology must be utilized to improve

access to quality education. It should be used to
provide students with easy-to-access information,
accelerated learning, and fun opportunities to
practice what they learn. Technology also allows
students to explore new subjects and widen their
understanding of difficult concepts. Through the
use of technology inside and outside the
classroom, students can gain 21st -century skills
necessary for future occupations. Furthermore,
educational technology can foster collaboration.
Not only can teachers interact with students during classes, but students can also communicate
with each other. In collaborative activities, students can share their thoughts and ideas and
support each other. At the same time, technology enables one-on-one engagement with teachers.
Technology also allows 24⁄7 access to educational resources. Classes can take place entirely
online via the use of a laptop or mobile device. An added benefit is that students can learn at
their own speed. When they need to review class material to get a better understanding of
learning content, students can review videos in the lesson plan. Aside from that, teachers can
spark inquisitiveness in children and boost their curiosity through engaging educational content.
Curiosity helps students get a better understanding of math and reading concepts.

In addition, teachers must be equipped

with high levels of technological, pedagogical
content knowledge. According to the
International Society for Technology in
Education (ISTE), many of today's high-demand
jobs were generated in the last decade. As
advances in technology drive globalization and
digital transformation, technology can aid
teachers in acquiring the necessary skills to
excel in their professions in the future.
Moreover, teachers can leverage technology to
achieve new levels of productivity, incorporate useful digital tools to expand learning
opportunities for students, and boost student support and engagement. It also enables teachers to
improve their instruction methods and personalize their student's learning. Schools may also
benefit from technology by reducing the costs of physical instructional materials, enhancing
educational program efficiency, and making the best use of teacher time. Additionally, educators
who are unfamiliar with some of the technologies used in education may not have been
introduced to the tools as part of their career preparation or professional development. Teachers
looking to make the move to acquire the skills of utilizing technology in education can take
advantage of learning opportunities to advance their competencies.

Finally, classrooms must be equipped

with technology. It keeps students engaged.
Teaching the exact same thing but using a computer
or a tablet will encourage more active participation
in the learning process, which is more difficult to
achieve through traditional approaches. When
technology is integrated into lessons, students are
found to be more interested in the subjects they are
studying. Teachers may also use different
applications or trusted online resources to enhance those traditional ways of teaching.
Technology can also promote collaboration with students in the same classroom, at the same
school, or even with other classrooms around the world. Students can ask questions, discuss
different topics, and help each other learn in a safe online environment created by teachers.
Similarly, technology prepares students for the future. Students have to know how to use the
Internet to complete projects and most importantly, to develop technical skills that will be
required in their future jobs. Hence, it is important to bring technology into the classroom and
implement it into the educational curriculum. Responsible use of technology also starts in the
classroom and it will prepare the students to be responsible netizens.

In line with this, the school should prioritize the provision of more classrooms first and
foremost. Overcrowded students and a lack of classrooms are two of the most common problems
especially in public schools including Capiz State University. With the scarcity of classrooms
and other school facilities, how can the need for a technologically fitted classroom be
accommodated when a classroom cannot be provided in the first place? Despite the positive
trends towards adopting technology in the classroom, the full menu of technology is still not
universally available to all students.