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University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata: Course Name: Database Management System

The document is a lecture on database management systems from Dr. Sandip Mandal at the University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata. It discusses levels of abstraction in databases including the physical, logical, and view levels. It also covers database schemas, instances, and different data models including the relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.

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Kaustav Roy
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50 views

University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata: Course Name: Database Management System

The document is a lecture on database management systems from Dr. Sandip Mandal at the University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata. It discusses levels of abstraction in databases including the physical, logical, and view levels. It also covers database schemas, instances, and different data models including the relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models.

Uploaded by

Kaustav Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Course Name : Database Management System

Dr. Sandip Mandal


Dept. of CSE, UEM Kolkata
WhatsApp : +91-8449007365
Email : sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 1


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Module 1: Levels
L of Abstraction

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 2


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Levels of Abstraction
• Physical level: describes how a record (e.g., instructor) is stored.
• Logical level: describes data stored in database, and the relationships among the data.
type instructor = record
ID : string;
name : string;
dept_name : string;
salary : integer;
end;
• View level: application programs hide details of data types. Views can also hide information
(such as an employee’s salary) for security purposes.

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 3


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

An architecture for a database system

View of Data

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sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Instances and Schemas


• Schema : The overall database structure in which data is to
be stored

• Instance : The collection of information stored at a


particular moment of time
--The data stored in database at a particular moment of time is called instance of database. Database schema
defines the variable declarations in tables that belong to a particular database; the value of these variables
at a moment of time is called the instance of that database.

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 5


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Instances and Schemas (Contd.)


• Similar to types and variables in programming languages
• Logical Schema – the overall logical structure of the database
– Example: The database consists of information about a set of customers and accounts in a bank
and the relationship between them
Analogous to type information of a variable in a program
• Physical schema–
schema the overall physical structure of the database

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 6


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Instances and Schemas (Contd.)


• Instance – the actual content of the database at a particular point in time
– Analogous to the value of a variable
• Physical Data Independence – the ability to modify the physical schema without changing the
logical schema
– Applications depend on the logical schema
– In general, the interfaces between the various levels and components should be well defined so
that changes in some parts do not seriously influence others.

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 7


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Data Models
• A collection of tools for describing
– Data
– Data relationships
– Data semantics
– Data constraints

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 8


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Data Models
• Relational model
• Entity-Relationship data model (mainly for database design)
• Object-based data models (Object-oriented and Object-relational)
• Semistructured data model (XML)
• Other older models:
– Network model
– Hierarchical model

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 9


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

08-Feb-21 10
Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365
sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 11


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
Produced with a Trial Version of PDF Annotator - www.PDFAnnotator.com

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 12


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

Thank You

08-Feb-21 Sandip Mandal WhatsApp - 8449007365 13


sandip.mandal@uem.edu.in

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