Music Workbook

Name: ___________________

Instrument: _______________
 The Basics of a Stave
Music is set on a stave. This consists of five horizontal lines and includes three key features:
1. Clef
2. Time Signature
3. Key Signature

Clef
There are four main clefs:

Treble

Alto

Tenor

Bass

Treble clef is the most common clef and all other clefs can be compared against it – this will
be seen later on.

Time Signature
A time signature shows how many beats there are in a bar of music.

There are many different types of time signatures, some of the most common are shown
below:

4 crotchets per bar

6 quavers per bar

 Common time (4 beats per bar)

Cut common time (2 beats per bar)

Key Signature
Every piece of music has a key. These are usually either major or minor.

A key is shown by the number of sharps (#) or flats (♭) written at the start of the stave.

Here are some examples of key signatures:

Each major key has what is known as a

relative minor.

This means that the key signatures have the

exact same numbers of sharps and flats,
however, the minor key has more exceptions
which will be seen further on.

Major keys are written as capital letters and

minor keys are written as lower case letters.

As we can see, C major has no sharps or flats,

whilst D major has 2 sharps and F major has
1 flat.

A good way to remember the order of flats is

B♭ E♭ A♭ D♭ (G♭ C♭)
There are 12 notes in the chromatic scale. For each note there is a major and a minor. This
can be seen on a piano:

As you can see, C# and D♭ are the same note – this means that they sound the same,
however, are written differently depending on what key the music is in. if the piece has
sharps in it, C# will be used, but if the piece has flats in it, D♭ will be used. This is what is
known as an enharmonic equivalent.

The Whole Stave

When we put all these three elements together we get something like this:

This shows that the piece is in treble clef, D major (or B minor) and in ¾
(therefore, has 3 crotchets per bar).

The vertical lines on a stave show when a bar ends and the next begins.

A metronome marking shows how fast a piece is. For example means that there
are 120 crotchet beats per bar.

The tempo can be measured using a metronome.

 Musical Notation- Rhythms
When looking at the time signatures, we saw that there were either crotchets or quavers in
a bar. These are examples of musical notation. The different types of musical notation are
shown in the table below:

Note Name Value

Semibreve 4 beats

Minim 2 beats

Crotchet 1 beat

Quaver ½ beat

Semiquaver ¼ beat

2 quavers 1 beat

4 semiquavers 1 beat

Each note halves in value as you go down the list. For example, a minim is half the value of a
semibreve and a crotchet is half the value of a minim. This means that there are 4 crotchets
in a semibreve etc.

Semibreve Crotchet Semiquaver

Minim Quaver
 How to Read Music
Each note of the chromatic scale has a specific place on the stave. There are two places a
note can be – on the line or in-between the lines.

The notes that can be read on the line are as follows:

Every
Good
Boy
Deserves
Football

The notes that can be read in-between the lines are as follows:

F
A
C
E

Guess the Note!

These notes are known as the naturals. For example, this is C natural.

Each note can also have either a sharp or a flat sign in front of it. For
example, this now becomes C sharp.

When a note that is usually a natural suddenly has a sharp or flat in front of it that is usually
not in the key, it is known as an accidental.

Guess the Note!

 Rests and Rhythms
As well as notes, there are rests. These mean that you do not play for a certain amount of
time. The rests have similar values to that of notes.

Rest Name Value

Semibreve rest 4 beats

Minim rest 2 beats

Crotchet rest 1 beat

Quaver rest ½ beat

Semiquaver rest ¼ beat

 Rhythm Practice - Level 1

1 㜠œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ Œ

2 㜠Œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ

3 ㌠œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ Œ Œ œ Œ œ œ Œ

4 㜠œ Œ œ Œ œ œ Œ œ Œ œ Œ œ Œ Œ œ

5 ㌠Œ œ Œ œ Œ Œ œ Œ œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ

6 㜠Œ Œ œ œ Œ œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ œ Œ œ œ

7 㜠œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

8 㜠œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

9 㜠œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

10 ã œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

11 ã œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ

12 ã Œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
 Rhythm Practice - Level 2
1 㜠œ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ Œ

2 ã˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

3 ã˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ Œ

4 ã ˙ œ Œ œ œ ˙ Ó œ œ ˙ ˙

5 ã Ó œ œ Œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ ˙

6 ã Œ œ ˙ ˙ œ Œ œ œ Ó Ó ˙

7 㜠œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ ˙ œ œ œ

8 㜠œ œ Œ œ Œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ˙

9 ã˙ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ˙ Œ œ œ œ œ

10 ã ˙ œ œ œ w œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ w

11 ã w œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ ! œ œ œ œ Œ œ

12 ã œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ Œ Œ œ œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ
 Rhythm Practice - Level 3
1 ã ˙. Œ ˙. œ œ œ œ Œ
33

œ ˙ œ œ œ œ

2 㜠œ Œ œ œ Œ ˙. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. œ

3 㜠œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ˙ œ œ œ

j j j j j
‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ ‰ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ
37

4 㜠œ œ
j j j j
5 ã œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ
j j j j
6 㜠œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ

j j j j j
. œ. œ. œ œ. œ œ.
41

7 㜠œ ˙ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ

8 㜠œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
j j
9 㜠œ œ. œ œ œ œ. œ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ

j j j j j
10 ã œ . œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ. œ œ. œ œ œ ‰ œ ˙
45

œ ˙
j j
11 ã œ œ œ. œ œ. œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
j j j j j
12 ã œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ ˙ œ. œ ‰ œ ‰ œ ˙
Music Math - Level 1
(Add the beats)
Music Math - Level 2
(Add the beats)

( ) ( )
 Note Naming - Level 1
#w w w bw
& w
Treble Clef

w w bw w w
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

w b w w # w bw w
& w #w w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

w #w w w bw
Alto Clef
B w w bw w
w
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B w w w # w bw w
#w bw w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

? w w #w w w bw w
Bass Clef
w bw
w

?w
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

w #w bw w w
#w bw w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
 Note Naming - Level 2
w bw
Treble Clef
w w bw
& w #w w w w

b w w
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

& bw w w w w w
#w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

w bw
Alto Clef
w w bw
B #w w
w w w
1. 2.
b w
3. 4. 5. 6.
w 7. 8.
w
9. 10.

B w #w w w
bw w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

? w w bw
Bass Clef
w w bw
#w w w w
w bw w w
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

? #w w w
bw w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
 Note Naming - Level 3
w w
Treble Clef
#w bw
& #w w w
w bw w
w bw bw
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

w bw
& w w #w
w w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

w w #w bw
w
Alto Clef
B #w w w bw w
w
bw
B w
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

w bw bw
w w w #w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

w w w bw
bw
Bass Clef
? w
#w w #w
w
w w
bw
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

? w bw bw
w w w #w
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
 Advanced Notation
Any note can have a dot next to it. This means that you play the note as well as the value of
half the note.

This means that a dotted minim would be held for the length of a minim + the length of a
crotchet (half a minim). This means overall it is held for 3 beats.

This shows that you should play the music in a swung style – similar to jazz.

This is a slur. When two different notes are joined by a slur, tongue only the first
one, then keep blowing as your fingers move to the next note.

This is a breath mark – it tells you when to breathe.

This is a pause – it tells you to hold the note a little longer than its written value.

Tenuto – hold the full value of the note and lean on it slightly.

Accent – give extra attack at the start of the note.

Acciaccatura – play it as quickly as possible and slur to the following note.

Appoggiatura – similar to an acciaccatura but usually the same length as the

following note.

Triplet – play three quavers instead of two in the time of a crotchet – think
pineapple.

D.S – short for Dal Segno, meaning play from the sign

D.C – short for Da Capo, meaning play from the beginning

Coda – after you have played D.S or D.C you play an extra section of music written
in the coda.

Staccato – short and detached.

Trill – move rapidly from the note written to the note above.
 Italian Terms
Andante – at a walking pace
Allargando – slower and broader
Crescendo (cresc.) – gradually getting louder
Diminuendo (dim.) – gradually getting quieter
Da Capo – from the beginning
Dal Segno – from the sign
Dolce – sweetly
Fine – finish (end the piece here)
Forte – loud
Fortissimo – very loud
Legato – smoothly (usually without tonguing between notes)
Legato e serioso – smoothly and seriously
Leggiero – lightly
Mezzo forte – moderately loud
Mezzo piano – moderately quiet
Moderato – at a moderate speed
Molto moderato – very moderately
Morendo – gradually dying away
Pianissimo – very quietly
Piano – quietly
Poco rit – slow down a little
Ritardando (rit.) – gradually getting slower
Sempre – always
Simile – continue playing in the same style
Staccato – short and detached
Subito – suddenly
What Term Means…

1. At a walking pace
o Andante
o Allargando
o Morendo
o Piano

2. Slower and broader

o Crescendo
o Pianissimo
o Allargando
o Poco rit

3. Gradually getting louder

o Dolce
o Moderato
o Mezzo piano
o Crescendo

4. Gradually getting quieter

o Diminuendo
o Legato
o Sempre
o Simile

5. From the beginning

o Da Capo
o Pianissimo
o Dal Segno
o Staccato

6. From the sign

o Subito
o Dal Segno
o Poco rit
o Legato

7. Sweetly
o Mezzo forte
o Morendo
o Sempre
o Dolce
8. Finish
o Fine
o Moderato
o Ritardando
o Piano

9. Loud
o Leggiero
o Poco rit
o Forte
o Mezzo forte

10. Very loud

o Fortissimo
o Leggiero
o Sempre
o Diminuendo

11. Smoothly
o Molto moderato
o Legato
o Legato e serioso
o Forte

12. Smoothly and seriously

o Piano
o Subito
o Legato e serioso
o Subito

13. Lightly
o Ritardando
o Leggiero
o Simile
o Dolce

14. Moderately loud

o Mezzo forte
o Mezzo piano
o Poco rit
o Leggiero

15. Moderately quiet

o Piano
o Mezzo piano
o Staccato
o Legato
16. At a moderate speed
o Sempre
o Legato
o Andante
o Moderato

17. Very moderately

o Molto moderato
o Poco rit
o Subito
o Dolce

18. Gradually dying away

o Sempre
o Da Capo
o Morendo
o Allargando

19. Very quietly

o Pianissimo
o Simile
o Fortissimo
o Diminuendo

20. Quietly
o Piano
o Staccato
o Da Segno
o Fine

21. Slow down a little

o Ritardando
o Poco rit
o Dolce
o Legato e serioso

22. Gradually getting slower

o Staccato
o Fine
o Ritardando
o Forte

23. Always
o Simile
o Mezzo piano
o Subito
o Sempre
24. Continue playing in the same style
o Simile
o Moderato
o Andante
o Crescendo

25. Short and detached

o Staccato
o Dolce
o Leggiero
o Mezzo piano

26. Suddenly
o Molto moderato
o Morendo
o Diminuendo
o Subito
 Find:
1. The metronome marking
2. The time signature
3. The key signature
4. A semibreve rest
5. A quaver
6. A minim
7. A crotchet rest
8. A bass clef
9. A treble clef
10. A quaver rest
 Treble, Alto, Tenor and Bass Clef Reading
We have already learnt the notation for treble clef. The other clefs look the same as treble
clef, however they are read differently.

Alto clef – each note is written one note below what it is read – so if a note is written as if it
would be an E in treble clef, it is read as an F.

Tenor clef – each note is written one note above what it is read – so if a note is written as if
it would be a D in treble clef, it is read as a C.

Bass clef – each note is read two notes below what it is in treble clef – so if a note is written
as if it would be an A in treble clef, it is read as a C.

Use the keyboard to help

you figure out the notes.
 Intermediate Notes & Fingerings
Flute Worksheet

Alt

Correlates with
STEPWISE FLASHCARDS
www.stepwisepublications.com
 Intermediate Notes & Fingerings
Clarinet Worksheet
Write the name and fingering(s) for each note:

Correlates with
STEPWISE FLASHCARDS
www.stepwisepublications.com
 Intermediate Notes & Fingerings
Alto Saxophone Worksheet

Write the name and fingering(s) for each note:

Correlates with
STEPWISE FLASHCARDS
www.stepwisepublications.com