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STS Module 2 - Lesson 2

The document discusses Lesson 2 of Module 2, which covers science as a method involving steps like observing phenomena, formulating hypotheses, experimentation, and conclusion drawing. It also examines theories of verification and falsification for distinguishing science from non-science. Finally, it addresses how science benefits from diversity and collaboration in the scientific community to advance human flourishing.

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542 views

STS Module 2 - Lesson 2

The document discusses Lesson 2 of Module 2, which covers science as a method involving steps like observing phenomena, formulating hypotheses, experimentation, and conclusion drawing. It also examines theories of verification and falsification for distinguishing science from non-science. Finally, it addresses how science benefits from diversity and collaboration in the scientific community to advance human flourishing.

Uploaded by

jjjjjem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture on Module 2 Lesson 2

Lesson 2 - Lesson 2 Technology as a Way of Revealing

Science is a voyage of exploration just to find out how things work and it’s really interesting
because it is an ongoing and endless process.

Human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant to science and technology. The
goals of science and technology and human flourishing fall on the same grounds which are the good and
truth. Science and technology have changed the ways we live, work and think.

A. Science as a Method and Results

Steps in Scientific Method

1. Observe and determine if there are unexplained occurrences unfolding.

2. Determine the problem and identify factors involved.

3. Formulate hypothesis that could explain the said phenomenon.

4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables, and trying to see how
independent ones affect dependent ones.

5. Gather and analyze results throughout and upon culmination of the experiment.

6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case others would want to broaden the
study.

Verification Theory

To distinguish philosophy from science, verification theory was used. The idea proposes that a
discipline is science if it can be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an alternative hypothesis being
accepted.

Verification theory gives premium to empiricism and only takes into account those results which
are measurable and experiments which are repeatable.

Falsification Theory

Falsification Theory – asserts that as long as an ideology is not proven to be false and can be best explain
a phenomenon over alternative theories.

The Falsification Principle, proposed by Karl Popper, is a way of demarcating science from non-science. It
suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific it must be able to be tested and proven false.
Difference between Falsification theory and Verification theory

Falsification- is to be understood as the refutation of statements, and in contrast, verification refers to


statements that are shown to be true.

The goal of science is to create knowledge by identifying true statements as true (verified) and false
statements as false (falsified).

Popper showed that hypothesis cannot be empirically verified but only falsified

B. Science as a Social Endeavor

Importance of diversity and collaboration in the scientific community towards human flourishing

1. Collaboration and diversity balance possible biases

Science benefits from practitioners with diverse beliefs, backgrounds, and values to balance out the
biases that might occur if science were practiced by a narrow subset of humanity.

2. Diversity and collaboration stimulate problem solving

Science benefits greatly from a community that approaches problems in a variety of creative ways.
A diverse community is better able to generate new research methods, explanations, and ideas,
which can help science over challenging hurdles and shed new light on problems.

3. Diversity and collaboration facilitate specialization

Not only do people from different backgrounds choose to investigate different questions, but they
may approach the same question in different ways.

4. Diversity and collaboration are inspiration and motivation

Scientist are motivated by the sense of competition offered by the community

5. Diversity and collaboration divide labor

Science is too wide or an individual on his or her own to handle.

C. What are the Human Conditions Before and After Science and Technology?

Read the article about “What are the Human Conditions Before and After Science and Technology?”

By Karehka Ramey (2012)


Group No.

Leader:

Members:

Group Activity

Activity No. 5 Different Invention (Advantage/s and Disadvantage/s)

Direction: Give at least five (5) inventions and write the inventor, reason for the invention,
advantages and disadvantages.

Invention Inventor Reason for the Advantage/s Disadvantage/s


Invention

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