Lesson 4: Understanding Internet Protocol

Multiple Choice

1. What is the default subnet mask for a Class B network?

a) 255.0.0.0
b) 255.255.0.0
c) 255.255.255.0
d) 255.255.255.255

Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: The IPv4 classification system is known as the classful network architecture and is
broken down into five sections. Class B has a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

2. You have a host with the address of 180.24.45.120. To what class would this be address be
assigned?
a) Class A
b) Class B
c) Class C
d) Class D

Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: Class B begins with 128–191.

3. For IPv4, what class is used for multicasting?

a) Class A
b) Class B
c) Class C
d) Class D

Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: Class D is used for what is known as multicasting—transmitting data to multiple
computers (or routers).

4. What is the maximum number of hosts you can use for each subnet that belongs to a class C
address?
a) 128
b) 254
c) 256
d) 65,534
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: A class C has 8 bits left for hosts. Therefore, 2^8 is equal to 256. But since you
cannot use all 0s (network address) and all 1s (broadcast address), a class C will only support up
to 254 hosts.

5. What type of address is 202.23.2.255?

a) multicast address
b) broadcast address
c) unicast address
d) anycast address

Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: The broadcast address is used to communicate with all hosts on the network. It is
defined as all host bits are 0 (0000 0000).

6. What type of address is used to send a single set of packets to multiple hosts?
a) multicast address
b) broadcast address
c) unicast address
d) anycast address

Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: Multicasting addresses are used to transmit data to multiple computers (or routers).

7. Which of the following is not a private address?

a) 10.4.24.24
b) 172.16.36.45
c) 192.168.34.3
d) 200.23.34.120

Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: Private IP addresses are hidden from the Internet and any other networks. They are
usually behind an IP proxy or firewall device. Several ranges of private IP addresses have been
reserved by the IANA. Private address are 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to
172.16.255.255 and 172.31.255.255 and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.

8. What type of address is 169.254.32.23?

a) APIPA
b) multicast address
c) anycast address
d) broadcast address

Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: Microsoft developed one type of private range for use on small peer-to-peer
Windows networks. This private range, called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), uses a
single Class B network number: 169.254.0.0.

9. You have a computer that cannot connect to a server. When you look at the IP configuration,
the host has an address of 169.32.54.2. What is the problem?
a) The host cannot find a DHCP server.
b) The host is set to multicast.
c) The host is currently broadcasting.
d) The host cannot find a domain controller.

Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference:
Explanation: If a Windows client cannot get an IP address from a DHCP server and has not been
configured statically, it auto-assigns an APIPA number on the network.

10. What defines the nearest router for a host?

a) subnet mask
b) default gateway
c) DNS server
d) WINS server

Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Default Gateways and DNS Servers
Explanation: The default gateway is the first IP address of the device that a client computer will
look for when attempting to gain access outside the local network. This device could be a router,
server, or other similar device; it is the device that grants access to the Internet or other networks.

11. What server is used to translate host names to IP addresses?

a) DNS
b) WINS
c) HOSTS
d) DHCP

Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Default Gateways and DNS Servers
Explanation: The DNS server address is the IP address of the device or server that resolves DNS
addresses to IP addresses.

12. What is used to remap private addresses to public addresses and back?
a) DNS
b) DHCP
c) WINS
d) NAT

Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Network Address Translation
Explanation: Network address translation (NAT) is the process of modifying an IP address while
it is in transit across a router, computer, or similar device. This is usually so one larger address
space (private) can be remapped to another address space, or perhaps remapped to a single public
IP address.

13. What do you call a smaller network that is part of a larger network?
a) host
b) broadcast domain
c) cluster
d) subnet

Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Subnetting
Explanation: Subnetting is the act of dividing a network into smaller logical subnetworks or
subnets.

14. You have a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. What would the CIDR notation be?
a) /16
b) /20
c) /24
d) /28

Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Defining Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Explanation: One example of CIDR would be the IP network number 192.168.0.0/16. The /16
means that the subnet mask has 16 masked bits (or 1s), making 255.255.0.0. Usually, that would
be a default Class B subnet mask, but because we are using it with what used to be a Class C
network number, the whole address becomes classless.

16. How many bits is an IPv6 address?

a) 32
b) 48
c) 64
d) 128

Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Understanding IPv6
Explanation: The top reason to use IPv6 is address space. IPv6 is a 128-bit system, whereas its
still-dominant predecessor IPv4 is only a 32-bit system. While IPv4 can have approximately 4
billion IP addresses in the whole system, IPv6 can have 340 undecillion addresses.

17. What type of address is 2001:4212:0000:34DB:0000:0000:0000:4231?

a) MAC address
b) IPv4
c) IPv6
d) anycast address

Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Understanding IPv6
Explanation: IPv6 addresses are also hexadecimal in format and divided into eight groups of four
numbers each, with each group separated by a colon.

Fill in the Blank

18. A __________ address is assigned by a DHCP server.

Answer: dynamic
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: Most commonly, computers are set up to obtain an IP address (and other IP
information) automatically. In this example of a dynamic IP address, the computer broadcasts
out to the network in an attempt to find a DHCP server, whether it’s a four-port SOHO router,
DHCP server, or other appliance. The server then replies with the required information.

Short Answer

19. What is the loopback IP address?

Answer: 127.0.0.1
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Categorizing IPv4 Addresses
Explanation: The range for Class A is 0–127. However, the 127 network number isn’t used by
hosts as a logical IP address. Instead, this network is used for loopback IP addresses, which
allow for testing.
20. What IPv6 address incorporates IPv4?

Answer: IPv4-mapped addresses

Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference: Defining the Dual IP Stack
Explanation: IPv4-mapped addresses have the first 80 bits set to 0 (note the double colon), the
next 16 set to 1 (shown as ffff), and the last 32 bits populated by the IPv4 address. These
addresses look like IPv6 addresses, other than the last 32 bits, which are written in the customary
dot-decimal notation. For example, ::ffff:192.0.2.128 represents the IPv4 address 192.0.2.128.