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This document contains homework problems from a thermodynamics class at Universidad de Guanajuato. It includes over 20 multi-part physics and engineering problems involving concepts like kinetic energy, potential energy, work, heat transfer, efficiency, and the first law of thermodynamics. The problems involve calculating changes in velocity, pressure, volume, temperature and other variables for systems like gases in pistons, objects sliding down ramps, and electric motors.

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Nataly Yisel Ariza
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© © All Rights Reserved
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186 views

Homework #2 PDF

This document contains homework problems from a thermodynamics class at Universidad de Guanajuato. It includes over 20 multi-part physics and engineering problems involving concepts like kinetic energy, potential energy, work, heat transfer, efficiency, and the first law of thermodynamics. The problems involve calculating changes in velocity, pressure, volume, temperature and other variables for systems like gases in pistons, objects sliding down ramps, and electric motors.

Uploaded by

Nataly Yisel Ariza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.

Termodinámica.

Homework #2. Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics.


2.8. Consider an object whose mass is 1 lb moving with a velocity of 10 ft/s. Determine:
(a) the change in velocity, in ft/s, associated with a change in kinetic energy of 1 ft•lbf.
(b) the change in potential energy, in ft•lbf, associated with a 1 ft change in elevation. Use g =
32.2 ft/s2.

2.16. An object of mass 20 kg slides down a ramp, beginning from rest. The ramp is inclined at an
angle of 30° from the horizontal. When the object reaches the bottom of the ramp, its speed is 7 m/s.
If air resistance and friction between the object and the ramp are negligible, determine the distance
the object traveled along the ramp, in m. The acceleration of gravity is g = 9.81 m/s2.

2.21. Air is compressed in a piston-cylinder assembly from an initial state where p1 = 30 lbf/in2 and
V1 = 25 ft3. The relationship between pressure and volume during the process is pV1.4 = constant.
For the air as the system, the work is -62 Btu. Determine the final volume, in ft3, and the final
pressure in lbf/in2.

2.26. Air is trapped in a piston-cylinder


assembly oriented horizontally as shown in
Fig. P2.26. Initially, p1 = 100 kPa, V1 =2×10-3
m3, and the face of the piston is at x=0. The
spring exerts no force on the piston in the
initial position. The atmospheric pressure is
100 kPa, and the area of the piston face is
0.018 m2. The air expands slowly until its
volume is V2 =3×10-3 m3. During the process,
the spring exerts a force on the piston that
varies with x according to F = kx, where k =
16.2×103 N/m. There is no friction between
the piston and the cylinder wall. Determine
the final pressure of the air, in kPa, and the
work done by the air on the piston, in kJ.

2.31. Figure P2.31 shows an object whose


mass is 5 lb attached to a rope wound around
a pulley. The radius of the pulley is 3 in. If
the mass falls at a constant velocity of 5 ft/s,
determine the power transmitted to the pulley,
in horsepower, and the rotational speed of the
pulley, in RPM. The acceleration of gravity is
g = 32.2 ft/s2.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas


Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.
Termodinámica.

2.34. A 12-V automotive storage battery is charged with a constant current of 10 amp for 3 h.
Determine the amount of energy supplied to the battery, in kW•h. Convert your answer to Btu.

2.41. A liquid film is suspended on a


rectangular wire frame as shown in Fig. 2.8.
The length of the movable wire is 2 in, and
the other dimension initially is 6 in. The
movable wire is displaced 1 in, by an applied
force, while the surface tension of the liquid
film remains constant at 2.5×10-4 lbf/in.
Determine the work done in stretching the
film in ft•lbf.

2.47. Air at 500 K flows over a flat surface whose temperature at steady state is 400 K. the heat flux
to the plate is 2.5 kW/m2. What is the value of the heat transfer coefficient, h, in W/m2•K?

2.49. An insulated frame wall of a house has an average thermal conductivity of 0.0318 Btu/h•ft•°R.
The thickness of the wall is 6 in, and the area is 160 ft2. The inside air temperature is 70°F, and the
heat transfer coefficient for convection between the inside air and the wall is 1.5 Btu/h•ft 2•°R. On
the outside, the heat transfer coefficient is 6 Btu/h•ft2•°R and the air temperature is -10°F. Ignoring
radiation, determine at steady state the rate of heat transfer through the wall, in Btu/h.

2.52. A closed system of mass 2 kg undergoes a process in which there is a heat transfer of
magnitude 25 kJ from the system to the surroundings. The magnitude of the work done on the
system during the process is 100 kJ. The specific internal energy of the system decreases by 15
kJ/kg and there is no change in kinetic energy of the system. The acceleration of the gravity is
constant at g = 9.6 m/s2. Determine the change in elevation of the system, in m.

2.54. A closed system of mass 5 lb undergoes a process in which there is a heat transfer of 200
ft•lbf from the system to the surroundings. There is no work during the process. The velocity of the
system changes from 10 ft/s to 50 ft/s, and the elevation decreases by 150 ft. The acceleration of
gravity is g = 32.0 ft/s2. Determine the change in internal energy of the system in ft•lbf and Btu.

2.57. An electric motor operating at steady state requires an electric power input of 1 Btu/s. Heat
transfer occurs from the motor to the surroundings al temperature T0 at a rate of hA(Tb – T0), where
Tb is the average surface temperature of the motor, hA = 10 Btu/h•°R, and T0 = 80°F. The torque
developed by the shaft of the motor is 12.8 ft•lbf at a rotational speed of 500 RPM, Determine Tb, in
°F.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas


Universidad de Guanajuato, DICIS.
Termodinámica.

2.61. Air is contained in a rigid well-insulated tank with a volume of 0.2 m3. The tank is fitted with
a paddle wheel that transfers energy to the air at a constant rate of 4 W for 20 min. The initial
density of the air is 1.2 kg/m3. If no changes in kinetic or potential energy occur, determine:
(a) the specific volume at the final state, in m3/kg.
(b) the change in specific internal energy of the air, in kJ/kg.

2.73. The net work of a power cycle


operating as in Fig. 2.15a is 5×106 Btu, and
the heat transfer Qout is 12×106 Btu. What is
the thermal efficiency of the power cycle?

2.83. The coefficient of performance of a heat


pump cycle operating as in Fig. 2.15b is 3.5,
and the net work input is 5000 kJ. Determine
the heat transfer Qin and Qout, in kJ.

Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas

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