Chemistry Assignment

Name : Muaz Tahir

CMS ID : 292644

Professor : Mudassir
Iqbal

DATE Submitted: 22 December 2019

Definition:

The process of removing contaminants from the wastewater or the sewage and changing it into a
liquid that can be returned to the earths water cycle with the least effect on the environment, or
reusing it directly is called Wastewater Treatment.

Types of wastewater:

Wastewaters can be of different types. The treatment of these wastewaters is completely

1. Domestic sewage

2. Non sewage

3. Industrial wastewater.

• Domestic sewage:

This contains the wastewater coming from the home dwellings, public restrooms, hotels,
hospitals, schools, and barns etc. They literally produce large amount of wastewater

• Non sewage:

This contains water from the floods, water from garages, pools, beauty salons, and so on. They
really have toxic water.

• Industrial wastewater

It contains the water coming from the factories, industries, and other energy resources. It mostly
contains water mixed with chemicals, acids, and toxic water.
Effects of wastewater:

These wastewaters can be really harmful to the ecosystem in many ways

e.g.

1- They can contaminate the seawater and endanger the sea life.

2- They can get mixed with the fresh water which can cause lack of drinkable water.

3- The toxic water from the industries can be harmful for the crops and vegetables.

Ways of Water Treatment:

The way of the treatment of water depends on the type of wastewater we are trying to purify and
reuse. The sewage water can be easily purified by simple methods like aeration and filters and
some other simple processes.

For treatment of toxic industrial waste water we need proper ways to purify it. These different
ways are described below:
 • Phase Separation:

In this process the impurities are moved into a non-aqueous phase. It may occur at some points to
remove the solid produced during the processes of oxidation and polishing. In this process we
may get some grease or oil which can be used as fuel or for saponification. The options of
disposal for dried solid present in the water changes with the kind and concentration of
impurities removed from the water.

Creation of waste saline solution, however, may discourage wastewater treatment by separating
dissolved solids from water by different techniques like ion exchange, reverse osmosis and the
distillation.

• Sedimentation:

“The physical process of water treatment in which we use gravity effect to remove the suspended
solids in the water. Solid particles are commenced by the unsteadiness of the mobile water may
be removed itself by sedimentation in the stopped water of lakes and the oceans.”

Bigger solids like different stones and the sand particles can be removed from the wastewater by
means of gravity if the difference in density are large enough to overcome the disturbance due to
the turbulence of water. This process is the primary treatment of the sewage water and is taken
place in the containers called “Primary Settling Tanks”. It can also be used as a treatment for
other types of wastewaters. Other complex clarifiers may also have skimmers to continuously
remove grease like material from the water.

• Filtration:

The process of removing different suspended particles, sediments and other filterable pollutants
from the wastewater is called as filtration.

Suspended solids or colloidal particles of fine solids and some coagulations can be easily
removed by the process of filtration through a number of physical barriers (filters may be)
that have the ability to remove any suspended particle or impurities. In water filtration systems,
the filters used are called membranes and are highly efficient in their performance. They may
block even nanoparticles from the wastewater. In this way this is one of the best treatments of the
wastewaters as it may remove tiny dust particles which may cause foul smells and diseases.

• Aeration:

The process of adding air to the wastewater in order to permit aerobic bio-degradation of the
contaminated components. It is a necessary piece of most natural wastewater treatment
frameworks.

Dissimilar to chemical treatment which utilizes chemicals to act and balance out contaminants in
wastewater, organic treatment utilizes microorganisms that happen normally in wastewater to
debase wastewater contaminants.

Aeration Tanks in Wastewater Treatment Plant

There is a large tank involved in this process. The water is placed in it and is left open for
aeration. After several days the water is free from all the biological impurities.

• Screening:

Wastewater Screening is the principal unit activity in all wastewater treatment plants. Screen is
the gadget used to hold solids found in the influent wastewater to the treatment plant. The
fundamental motivation behind screening is to evacuate strong materials that could:

• Cause harm to different procedure equipment.

Screens are commonly classified into three, depending on the size of their openings in the
screening component and system of removal.

• Coarse screens
• Fine screens
• Micro screens

Wastewater Treatment Plants in Pakistan:

In Pakistan, most of the water is impure and contaminated or we can say wastewater. Most of the
people are to drink dirty water. So, in order to avoid this situation, the government of Pakistan
has planted many Wastewater Treatment Plants. These plants are fully accountable to the
government. They are to maintain the pH, taste and color of water.

A list of them is given below:

1 Rawal Lake Water Treatment Plant

3 Wastewater Treatment Plant Nestle

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