Scribd
Upload
428 views

9s Complement and 10s Complement

This document discusses 9's complement and 10's complement, which are methods used to simplify arithmetic operations in digital systems. It explains that 9's complement is found by subtracting each digit from 9, while 10's complement is calculated by adding 1 to the 9's complement. Examples are provided of using 9's and 10's complement for subtraction by adding the complement to the original number and considering any carries. These complement methods allow subtraction to be performed as addition in digital circuits.

Uploaded by

gajulasuresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
428 views

9s Complement and 10s Complement

This document discusses 9's complement and 10's complement, which are methods used to simplify arithmetic operations in digital systems. It explains that 9's complement is found by subtracting each digit from 9, while 10's complement is calculated by adding 1 to the 9's complement. Examples are provided of using 9's and 10's complement for subtraction by adding the complement to the original number and considering any carries. These complement methods allow subtraction to be performed as addition in digital circuits.

Uploaded by

gajulasuresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

9s complement and 10s complement | Subtraction

Before knowing about 9’s complement and 10’s complement we should


know why they are used and why their concept came into existence. The
complements are used to make the arithmetic operations in digital system
easier. In this article we will discuss about the following topics
1. 9’s complement
2. 10’s complement
3. 9’s complement subtraction
4. 10’s complement subtraction
Now first of all let us know what 9’s complement is and how it is done. To
obtain the 9’s complement of any number we have to subtract the number
with (10n – 1) where n = number of digits in the number, or in a simpler
manner we have to divide each digit of the given decimal number with 9. The
table given below will explain the 9’s complement more easily.
Decimal digit 9s complement

0 9

1 8

2 7

3 6

4 5

5 4

6 3

7 2

8 1

9 0

Now coming to 10’s complement, it is relatively easy to find out the 10’s
complement after finding out the 9’s complement of that number. We have to
add 1 with the 9’s complement of any number to obtain the desired 10’s
complement of that number. Or if we want to find out the 10’s complement
directly, we can do it by following the following formula, (10n – number),
where n = number of digits in the number. An example is given below to
illustrate the concept of obtaining 10’s complement.
Let us take a decimal number 456, 9’s complement of this number will be

10’s complement of this no

9’s complement subtraction


We will understand this method of subtraction via an example
A = 215
B = 155
We want to find out A-B by 9’s complement subtraction method

First we have to find out 9’s complement of B

Now we have to add 9’s complement of B to A

The left most bit of the result is called carry and is added back to the part of
the result without it

Another different type of example is given


A = 4567
B = 1234
We need to find out A – B
9’s complement of B
8765
Adding 9’s complement of B with A

Adding the carry with the result we get


3333
Now the answer is – 3333
NB: If there is no carry the answer will be – (9’s complement of the answer)
Subtraction by 10’s complement
Again we will show the procedure by an example
Taking the same data
A = 215
B = 155
10’s complement of B = 845
Adding 10’s complement of B to A

In this case the carry is omitted


The answer is 60
Taking the other example
A = 4567
B = 1234
10’s complement of B = 8766
Adding 10’s complement of B with A

To get the answer the carry is ignored


So, the answer is – 3333
NB: If there is a carry then the answer is – (10’s complement of the sum
obtained).

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy